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This article details the specifics of Hantza dialects, all of which are mutually intelligible with one another. | |||
Hantza is spoken in [[w:Turkmenistan|Turkmenistan]], [[w:Uzbekistan|Uzbekistan]] and [[w:Afghanistan|Afghanistan]]. Four main dialectal divisions are usually made. As of yet, there is no standard form of the language. | Hantza is spoken in [[w:Turkmenistan|Turkmenistan]], [[w:Uzbekistan|Uzbekistan]] and [[w:Afghanistan|Afghanistan]]. Four main dialectal divisions are usually made. As of yet, there is no standard form of the language. | ||
As one would expect, there are phonological, lexical and grammatical difference between dialects. For example, the terms for compass points differ according to linguistic setting. | |||
==Turkmenistan== | ==Turkmenistan== | ||
===Karakum=== | ===Karakum=== | ||
With some 85,000 speakers, the Karakum dialect is the largest and most conservative dialect of Hantza. It is spoken in central and western Turkmenistan. | With some 85,000 speakers, the Karakum dialect is the largest and most conservative dialect of Hantza. It is spoken in central and western Turkmenistan. | ||
This is also the most studied Hantza dialect. | |||
===Balkan=== | ===Balkan=== | ||
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Predominant in Uzbekistan, the Qarshi dialect of Hantza is spoken by around 41,000 people. | Predominant in Uzbekistan, the Qarshi dialect of Hantza is spoken by around 41,000 people. | ||
There is a second, small dialect found in Uzbekistan which has only 2,000 or so speakers. | There is a second, small dialect found in Uzbekistan which has only 2,000 or so speakers. This dialect is known as Ospik. | ||
In both dialects the most common value for /r/ is the uvular [ʁ]. | |||
==Afghanistan== | ==Afghanistan== | ||
The so-called Afghan dialect of Hantza is a collection of five smaller sub-dialects, each one having between 4,000 and | The so-called Afghan dialect of Hantza is a collection of five smaller sub-dialects, each one having between 4,000 and 7,000 speakers. | ||
#Batzo - 7,000 speakers (spoken in Badakhshan and Takhar Province) | |||
#Hafa - 5,500 (Herat and Farah Province) | |||
#Balak - 5,250 (Balkh Province) | |||
#Soton - 5,000 (Badakhshan Province) | |||
#Kobol - 4,250 (Kabul Province) | |||
All Afghan dialects possess an aspirated-voiceless distinction in plosives rather than a voiceless-voiced distinction. They are also characterised by the presence of /ɣ/ or /k/ (which contrasts with /kʰ/) in place of /h/. It is not known whether this feature is innovative or conservative. | |||
These are the least studied dialects. | These are the least studied dialects. | ||
{{ | {{Hantza}} | ||