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East Carpathian: Difference between revisions
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West Carpathian was influenced by Western dialects of Ukrainian and Polish, but in general the East Carpathian dialects preserved more native vocabulary than other Carpathian dialects. Typologically it is between [[w:Fusional language|fusional]] and [[w:Agglutunative language|agglutinative]] languages and is different from surrounding Slavic languages. It has a complex inflection system for nouns, adjectives, pronouns, numerals and verbs, depending on their roles in the sentence. | West Carpathian was influenced by Western dialects of Ukrainian and Polish, but in general the East Carpathian dialects preserved more native vocabulary than other Carpathian dialects. Typologically it is between [[w:Fusional language|fusional]] and [[w:Agglutunative language|agglutinative]] languages and is different from surrounding Slavic languages. It has a complex inflection system for nouns, adjectives, pronouns, numerals and verbs, depending on their roles in the sentence. | ||
== | ==Classification== | ||
East Carpathian belongs to the Carpathian branch of the [[Alpatho-Hirtic languages]] along with [[West Carpathian|West]] and [[South Carpathian]]. Like other languages of this group, East Carpathian is a predominantly agglutinative language. The East Carpathian language is further divided into three main dialectal groups: '''Jīri''', '''Halician''' and '''Puohō''' These groups are distinct from one another mostly in phonology, but Jīri and Puohō also show a lot of differences in grammar. | East Carpathian belongs to the Carpathian branch of the [[Alpatho-Hirtic languages]] along with [[West Carpathian|West]] and [[South Carpathian]]. Like other languages of this group, East Carpathian is a predominantly agglutinative language. The East Carpathian language is further divided into three main dialectal groups: '''Jīri''', '''Halician''' and '''Puohō''' These groups are distinct from one another mostly in phonology, but Jīri and Puohō also show a lot of differences in grammar. | ||
West and East Carpathian form a dialect continuum with each other. Nowadays they are generally treated as separate languages, though it is due to political reasons rather than linguistic ones, since there are no differences between border dialects of Prešov West Carpathian and Jīri East Carpathian, so instead they are divided by a political border between Slovakia and Ukraine. The linguistic border is instead put between the Ettejīri and the Aupuohō dialects, which makes the Jīri group a part of the West Carpathian language, since Jīri dialects share a larger degree of mutual intelligibility with Prešov dialects than with Puohō ones. | West and East Carpathian form a dialect continuum with each other. Nowadays they are generally treated as separate languages, though it is due to political reasons rather than linguistic ones, since there are no differences between border dialects of Prešov West Carpathian and Jīri East Carpathian, so instead they are divided by a political border between Slovakia and Ukraine. The linguistic border is instead put between the Ettejīri and the Aupuohō dialects, which makes the Jīri group a part of the West Carpathian language, since Jīri dialects share a larger degree of mutual intelligibility with Prešov dialects than with Puohō ones. | ||
==History== | ==History== | ||
Proto-Carpathian is believed to have formed near Polish-Slovak border near 2500 BCE, after its split from a hypothetical Proto-Alpathian or directly from Proto-Oronaic itself with an intermediate stage as a proto-dialect. According to most linguists, the Carpathian people came from Polish lowlands in the basin of Vistula river. Current models assume two or more hypothetical Pre-Proto-Carpathian dialects evolving over the first millennium BCE, which is supported by a native vocabulary, which has many words pairs consisting of similar words that underwent different sound changes as well as an abundance of synonyms. | Proto-Carpathian is believed to have formed near Polish-Slovak border near 2500 BCE, after its split from a hypothetical Proto-Alpathian or directly from Proto-Oronaic itself with an intermediate stage as a proto-dialect. According to most linguists, the Carpathian people came from Polish lowlands in the basin of Vistula river. Current models assume two or more hypothetical Pre-Proto-Carpathian dialects evolving over the first millennium BCE, which is supported by a native vocabulary, which has many words pairs consisting of similar words that underwent different sound changes as well as an abundance of synonyms. | ||
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A residual harmony is present in East Carpathian, meaning some vowels have a contrasting counterpart, but these contrasts became irregular. Like other Carpathian languages, East Carpathian has a rich system of diphthongs: up to six phonemic and ten non-phonemic diphthongs (sixteen in total) depending on a dialect. They are treated like long vowels and can contrast with them. | |||
==Morphology== | ==Morphology== | ||
[[Category:Carpathian languages]] [[Category:Languages]] | [[Category:Carpathian languages]] [[Category:Languages]] | ||