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Togarmite: Difference between revisions
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{{Infobox language | {{Infobox language | ||
|name = {{PAGENAME}} | |name = {{PAGENAME}} | ||
|creator = Praimhín | |||
|image = | |image = | ||
|setting = Irta | |setting = Irta | ||
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*loss of grammatical gender | *loss of grammatical gender | ||
*loss of the passive binyanim | *loss of the passive binyanim | ||
*loss of the suffix conjugation except in a few verbs; erosion of the prefix paradigm to the point where subject pronouns are required | *loss of the suffix conjugation except in a few verbs (where they form the w-form); erosion of the prefix paradigm (used for the past tense, like the Hebrew waw-consecutive preterite) to the point where subject pronouns are required | ||
*the use of the ''w-form'' (inherited from the Old Togarmite waw-consecutive) for the present progressive, mirroring [[Time Traveler English|English]] ''-ing'' < PIE *-nd-kwe | *the use of the ''w-form'' (inherited from the Old Togarmite waw-consecutive) for the present progressive, mirroring [[Time Traveler English|English]] ''-ing'' < PIE *-nd-kwe | ||
*the development of a productive concatenative verb paradigm used to form verbs from other words, analogous to Germanic weak verbs | *the development of a productive concatenative verb paradigm used to form verbs from other words, analogous to Germanic weak verbs | ||
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* Dalet tet tav > ð d t (d = /d~t/, t aspirated); more of a Hivantish/Spanish/Tsarfati Hebrew aesthetic and gives a Welsh aesthetic to Greek loans | * Dalet tet tav > ð d t (d = /d~t/, t aspirated); more of a Hivantish/Spanish/Tsarfati Hebrew aesthetic and gives a Welsh aesthetic to Greek loans | ||
* Should have initial w- > j- like Hebrew and Aramaic | * Should have initial w- > j- like Hebrew and Aramaic | ||
*Should be | * Should be spoken in our Turkey? | ||
*A few verbs derived from historical passive binyanim, analogized so they're weak verbs | *A few verbs derived from historical passive binyanim, analogized so they're weak verbs | ||
*Gzarot | *Gzarot | ||
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*Declensions | *Declensions | ||
*Lots of triconsonantified Greek words | *Lots of triconsonantified Greek words | ||
*A bit more | *A bit more Aramaic isoglosses / semantic shifts in a general Aramaic direction | ||
*Much less of an English relex: more consistent do-support, progressive forms used for imperfectives and VSO as in Welsh? Most "Englishy" bits should be literal translations of idioms, phrasal verbs and pragmatics, loss of grammatical gender, intense dialectal mixing in the early modern period with what appears to be occasional random unpredictable changes, and some vocabulary and affixes | *Much less of an English relex: more consistent do-support, progressive forms used for imperfectives and VSO as in Welsh? Most "Englishy" bits should be literal translations of idioms, phrasal verbs and pragmatics, loss of grammatical gender, intense dialectal mixing in the early modern period with what appears to be occasional random unpredictable changes, and some vocabulary and affixes | ||
*Relex Modern Greek in places where it differs grammatically from English: ''yn'' before proper names? | *Relex Modern Greek in places where it differs grammatically from English: ''yn'' before proper names? | ||
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Modern Togarmite has 9 vowels in stressed syllables. | Modern Togarmite has 9 vowels in stressed syllables. | ||
''a e ė i o ø u y'' /ɑ | ''a e ė i o ø u y'' /ɑ æ e i o ø u (ə)/ | ||
''ei au'' /ɛi ɔu/ | ''ei au'' /ɛi ɔu/ | ||
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|- | |- | ||
! indefinite | ! indefinite | ||
| '' | | ''frit'' || ''frij'''ėt''''' | ||
|} | |} | ||
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|- | |- | ||
! past; conditional | ! past; conditional | ||
| ''nėk | | ''nėk ikel'' | ||
| ''at/et | | ''at/et ikel'' | ||
| ''hu/hi kel'' | | ''hu/hi kel'' | ||
| ''nan kel'' | | ''nan kel'' | ||
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|- | |- | ||
! present subjunctive | ! present subjunctive | ||
| ''nėk | | ''nėk ikelan'' | ||
| ''at/et | | ''at/et ikelan'' | ||
| ''hu/hi kelan'' | | ''hu/hi kelan'' | ||
| ''nan kelan'' | | ''nan kelan'' | ||
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** ''meni, menak, menek, menau, mena, menė, mekøm, menaum'' | ** ''meni, menak, menek, menau, mena, menė, mekøm, menaum'' | ||
*''ȝem'' 'with (comitative)' | *''ȝem'' 'with (comitative)' | ||
** ''3emi, | ** ''3emi, 3emak, 3emek, 3emau, 3ema, 3emnė, 3emkøm, 3emaum'' | ||
*''ȝal'' 'on'; with definite article ''ȝlėn/ȝlėm'' | *''ȝal'' 'on'; with definite article ''ȝlėn/ȝlėm'' | ||
** ''3lei, 3lėk, 3lėk, 3lėju, 3lėja, 3lėnė, 3lėkøm, 3lėjøm'' | ** ''3lei, 3lėk, 3lėk, 3lėju, 3lėja, 3lėnė, 3lėkøm, 3lėjøm'' | ||
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*''ȝvar'' 'over' | *''ȝvar'' 'over' | ||
*''tat'' 'under' | *''tat'' 'under' | ||
*''aržo'' 'down' (from * | *''aržo'' 'down' (from *ʔarč̣-ah "earthward") | ||
*''ðarkyn'' 'along' | *''ðarkyn'' 'along' | ||
*''vlėš'' 'without' | *''vlėš'' 'without' | ||
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''Šaver in demaša zydarder!'' | ''Šaver in demaša zydarder!'' | ||
''Ym mγilut lym malk ȝlėn trøn lau'' | ''Ym mγilut lym malk ȝlėn trøn lau'' | ||
''Vė klilit γruf ðak vy γali | ''Vė klilit γruf ðak vy γali jam.'' | ||
''Atøm, žė watė mancavta hė,'' | ''Atøm, žė watė mancavta hė,'' | ||
''Ȝavry hen yn Ylėh lawani ȝlėn arž.'' | ''Ȝavry hen yn Ylėh lawani ȝlėn arž.'' | ||