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Togarmite: Difference between revisions

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Togarmite (view source)

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{{Infobox language
{{Infobox language
|name = {{PAGENAME}}
|name = {{PAGENAME}}
|creator = Praimhín
|image =  
|image =  
|setting = Irta
|setting = Irta
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*loss of grammatical gender
*loss of grammatical gender
*loss of the passive binyanim
*loss of the passive binyanim
*loss of the suffix conjugation except in a few verbs
*loss of the suffix conjugation except in a few verbs (where they form the w-form); erosion of the prefix paradigm (used for the past tense, like the Hebrew waw-consecutive preterite) to the point where subject pronouns are required
*the use of the ''w-form'' (inherited from the Old Togarmite waw-consecutive) for the present progressive, mirroring [[Time Traveler English|English]] ''-ing'' < PIE *-nd-kwe
*the use of the ''w-form'' (inherited from the Old Togarmite waw-consecutive) for the present progressive, mirroring [[Time Traveler English|English]] ''-ing'' < PIE *-nd-kwe
*the development of a productive concatenative verb paradigm used to form verbs from other words, analogous to Germanic weak verbs
*the development of a productive concatenative verb paradigm used to form verbs from other words, analogous to Germanic weak verbs
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* Dalet tet tav > ð d t (d = /d~t/, t aspirated); more of a Hivantish/Spanish/Tsarfati Hebrew aesthetic and gives a Welsh aesthetic to Greek loans
* Dalet tet tav > ð d t (d = /d~t/, t aspirated); more of a Hivantish/Spanish/Tsarfati Hebrew aesthetic and gives a Welsh aesthetic to Greek loans
* Should have initial w- > j- like Hebrew and Aramaic
* Should have initial w- > j- like Hebrew and Aramaic
*Should be Iberian?
* Should be spoken in our Turkey?
*A few verbs derived from historical passive binyanim, analogized so they're weak verbs
*A few verbs derived from historical passive binyanim, analogized so they're weak verbs
*Gzarot
*Gzarot
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*Declensions
*Declensions
*Lots of triconsonantified Greek words
*Lots of triconsonantified Greek words
*A bit more arabic isoglosses / semantic shifts in a general Arabic direction
*A bit more Aramaic isoglosses / semantic shifts in a general Aramaic direction
*Much less of an English relex: more consistent do-support, progressive forms used for imperfectives and VSO as in Welsh? Most "Englishy" bits should be literal translations of idioms, phrasal verbs and pragmatics, loss of grammatical gender, intense dialectal mixing in the early modern period with what appears to be occasional random unpredictable changes, and some vocabulary and affixes
*Much less of an English relex: more consistent do-support, progressive forms used for imperfectives and VSO as in Welsh? Most "Englishy" bits should be literal translations of idioms, phrasal verbs and pragmatics, loss of grammatical gender, intense dialectal mixing in the early modern period with what appears to be occasional random unpredictable changes, and some vocabulary and affixes
*Relex Modern Greek in places where it differs grammatically from English: ''yn'' before proper names?
*Relex Modern Greek in places where it differs grammatically from English: ''yn'' before proper names?
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Modern Togarmite has 9 vowels in stressed syllables.
Modern Togarmite has 9 vowels in stressed syllables.


''a e ė i o ø u y'' /ɑ ɛ e i o ø u (ə)/
''a e ė i o ø u y'' /ɑ æ e i o ø u (ə)/


''ei au'' /ɛi ɔu/
''ei au'' /ɛi ɔu/
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|-
|-
! indefinite
! indefinite
| ''frir'' || ''frij'''ėt'''''
| ''frit'' || ''frij'''ėt'''''
|}
|}


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|-
|-
! present subjunctive
! present subjunctive
| ''nėk yktøban''
| ''nėk yktøvan''
| ''at/et yktøban''
| ''at/et yktøvan''
| ''hu/hi ktøban''
| ''hu/hi ktøvan''
| ''nan ktøban''
| ''nan ktøvan''
| ''atøm ktøban''
| ''atøm ktøvan''
| ''høm ktøban''
| ''høm ktøvan''
|-
|-
! future
! future
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|-
|-
! past; conditional
! past; conditional
| ''nėk ymydrasi''
| ''nėk ymyðrasi''
| ''at/et ymydrasi''
| ''at/et ymyðrasi''
| ''hu/hi mydrasi''
| ''hu/hi myðrasi''
| ''nan mydrasi''
| ''nan myðrasi''
| ''atøm mydrasi''
| ''atøm myðrasi''
| ''høm mydrasi''
| ''høm myðrasi''
|-
|-
! past progressive; past subjunctive
! past progressive; past subjunctive
| ''fiti wymydrasi''
| ''fiti wymyðrasi''
| ''fit wymydrasi''
| ''fit wymyðrasi''
| ''fė wymydrasi''
| ''fė wymyðrasi''
| ''finė wymydrasi''
| ''finė wymyðrasi''
| ''fitøm wymydrasi''
| ''fitøm wymyðrasi''
| ''fu wymydrasi''
| ''fu wymyðrasi''
|-
|-
! present
! present
| ''nėk wymydrasi''
| ''nėk wymyðrasi''
| ''at/et wymydrasi''
| ''at/et wymyðrasi''
| ''hu/hi wymydrasi''
| ''hu/hi wymyðrasi''
| ''nan wymydrasi''
| ''nan wymyðrasi''
| ''atøm wymydrasi''
| ''atøm wymyðrasi''
| ''høm wymydrasi''
| ''høm wymyðrasi''
|-
|-
! present progressive
! present progressive
| ''nėk lu wymydrasi''
| ''nėk lu wymyðrasi''
| ''at/et lu wymydrasi''
| ''at/et lu wymyðrasi''
| ''hu/hi lu wymydrasi''
| ''hu/hi lu wymyðrasi''
| ''nan lu wymydrasi''
| ''nan lu wymyðrasi''
| ''atøm lu wymydrasi''
| ''atøm lu wymyðrasi''
| ''høm lu wymydrasi''
| ''høm lu wymyðrasi''
|-
|-
! present subjunctive
! present subjunctive
| ''nėk ymydrasan''
| ''nėk ymyðrasan''
| ''at/et ymydrasan''
| ''at/et ymyðrasan''
| ''hu/hi mydrasan''
| ''hu/hi myðrasan''
| ''nan mydrasan''
| ''nan myðrasan''
| ''atøm mydrasun''
| ''atøm myðrasun''
| ''høm mydrasun''
| ''høm myðrasun''
|-
|-
! future
! future
| ''nėk bė mydrasėt''
| ''nėk bė myðrasėt''
| ''at bė mydrasėt''
| ''at bė myðrasėt''
| ''hu bė mydrasėt''
| ''hu bė myðrasėt''
| ''nėbu mydrasėt''
| ''nėbu myðrasėt''
| ''atøm bė mydrasėt''
| ''atøm bė myðrasėt''
| ''høm bė mydrasėt''
| ''høm bė myðrasėt''
|-
|-
! perfect
! perfect
| ''li mømydrasa''
| ''li mømyðrasa''
| ''lax/lex mømydrasa''
| ''lax/lex mømyðrasa''
| ''lau/la mømydrasa''
| ''lau/la mømyðrasa''
| ''lanė mømydrasa''
| ''lanė mømyðrasa''
| ''laxøm mømydrasa''
| ''laxøm mømyðrasa''
| ''laum mømydrasa''
| ''laum mømyðrasa''
|-
|-
! imperative
! imperative
|colspan=6| ''mydrasi!''
|colspan=6| ''myðrasi!''
|-
|-
! active participle
! active participle
|colspan=6| ''mømydrasė''
|colspan=6| ''mømyðrasė''
|-
|-
! passive participle
! passive participle
|colspan=6| ''mydrasa''
|colspan=6| ''myðrasa''
|-
|-
! w-form
! w-form
|colspan=6| ''wymydrasi''
|colspan=6| ''wymyðrasi''
|-
|-
! infinitive
! infinitive
|colspan=6| ''mydrasėt''
|colspan=6| ''myðrasėt''
|}
|}


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===''kėl'' 'can'===
===''kėl'' 'can'===
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="wikitable" style="width: 700px; text-align:center;"
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="wikitable" style="width: 700px; text-align:center;"
|+ ''xėl'' 'can'
|+ ''kėl'' 'can'
! style="width: 75px; "| → Person<br/>↓ Tense
! style="width: 75px; "| → Person<br/>↓ Tense
! style="width: 75px; " | 1sg
! style="width: 75px; " | 1sg
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|-
|-
! past; conditional
! past; conditional
| ''nėk yxel''
| ''nėk ikel''
| ''at/et yxel''
| ''at/et ikel''
| ''hu/hi xel''
| ''hu/hi kel''
| ''nan xel''
| ''nan kel''
| ''atøm xel''
| ''atøm kel''
| ''høm xel''
| ''høm kel''
|-
|-
! past subjunctive
! past subjunctive
| ''nėk fit wėxel''
| ''nėk fit wėkel''
| ''at fit wėxel''
| ''at fit wėkel''
| ''hu fė wėxel''
| ''hu fė wėkel''
| ''nan fu wėxel''
| ''nan fu wėkel''
| ''atøm fu wėxel''
| ''atøm fu wėkel''
| ''høm fu wėxel''
| ''høm fu wėkel''
|-
|-
! present
! present
| ''nėk wėxel''
| ''nėk wėkel''
| ''at wėxel''
| ''at wėkel''
| ''hu wėxel''
| ''hu wėkel''
| ''nan wėxel''
| ''nan wėkel''
| ''atøm wėxel''
| ''atøm wėkel''
| ''høm wėxel''
| ''høm wėkel''
|-
|-
! present subjunctive
! present subjunctive
| ''nėk yxelan''
| ''nėk ikelan''
| ''at/et yxelan''
| ''at/et ikelan''
| ''hu/hi xelan''
| ''hu/hi kelan''
| ''nan xelan''
| ''nan kelan''
| ''atøm xelan''
| ''atøm kelan''
| ''høm xelan''
| ''høm kelan''
|-
|-
! future
! future
| ''nėk bė xėl''
| ''nėk bė kėl''
| ''at bė xėl''
| ''at bė kėl''
| ''hu bė xėl''
| ''hu bė kėl''
| ''nan bė xėl''
| ''nan bė kėl''
| ''atøm bė xėl''
| ''atøm bė kėl''
| ''høm bė xėl''
| ''høm bė kėl''
|-
|-
! active participle
! active participle
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|-
|-
! passive participle
! passive participle
|colspan=6| ''fuj wėxel''
|colspan=6| ''fuj wėkel''
|-
|-
! w-form
! w-form
|colspan=6| ''wėxel''
|colspan=6| ''wėkel''
|-
|-
! infinitive
! infinitive
|colspan=6| ''xėl''
|colspan=6| ''kėl''
|}
|}


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=== The auxiliary ''vė'' ===
=== The auxiliary ''vė'' ===
The defective auxiliary ''vė'' (inf. and w-form ''vė'', past and imperative ''vu'', passive participle ''vuj''; from the conflation of two roots, one a cognate of Hebrew בא 'to come' and the other a cognate of Hebrew אבה 'to be willing')  is used to form dynamic passives (with the passive participle) and the future (with the infinitive).
The defective auxiliary ''vė'' (inf. and w-form ''vė'', past and imperative ''vu'', passive participle ''vuj''; from the conflation of two roots, one a cognate of Hebrew בא 'to come' and the other a cognate of Hebrew אבה 'to be willing')  is used to form dynamic passives (with the passive participle) and the future (with the infinitive), like the German verb ''werden''.


* ''Yn γalt lu vė fytuh'' = The door is opening (being opened)
* ''Yn γalt lu vė fytuh'' = The door is opening (being opened)
* ''Yn γalt vu fytuh'' = The door (was) opened
* ''Yn γalt vu fytuh'' = The door (was) opened
* ''Yn γalt lež buj fytuh'' = The door has been opened
* ''Yn γalt lež vuj fytuh'' = The door has been opened
* ''Yn γalt fytuh'' = The door is open (lit. opened)
* ''Yn γalt fytuh'' = The door is open (lit. opened)
** ''vė'' is not repeated for future + passive: both 'The door opens' and 'The door will open' are ''Yn γalt vė fytuh''.
** ''vė'' is not repeated for future + passive: both 'The door opens' and 'The door will open' are ''Yn γalt vė fytuh''.
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** ini, inak, inek, inau, ina, inė, inkøm, inaum
** ini, inak, inek, inau, ina, inė, inkøm, inaum
*''ly'' (''l' '' before V) 'of (possessive)'
*''ly'' (''l' '' before V) 'of (possessive)'
*''by'' (''b' '' before V) 'by, at, with (instrumental), in (language)'
*''vy'' (''v' '' before V) 'by, at, with (instrumental), in (language)'
** bi, bak, bek, bau, ba, banė, baxøm, baum
** vi, vak, vek, vau, va, vanė, vakøm, vaum
*''šyðe'' 'out of' (from *śadiy-ah 'to the field')
*''šyðe'' 'out of' (from *śadiy-ah 'to the field')
*''me'' (''men'' before V) 'from'
*''me'' (''men'' before V) 'from'
** ''meni, menak, menek, menau, mena, menė, mekøm, menaum''
** ''meni, menak, menek, menau, mena, menė, mekøm, menaum''
*''ȝem'' 'with (comitative)'
*''ȝem'' 'with (comitative)'
** ''3emi, 3emax, 3emek, 3emau, 3ema, 3emnė, 3emkøm, 3emaum''
** ''3emi, 3emak, 3emek, 3emau, 3ema, 3emnė, 3emkøm, 3emaum''
*''ȝal'' 'on'; with definite article ''ȝlėn/ȝlėm''  
*''ȝal'' 'on'; with definite article ''ȝlėn/ȝlėm''  
** ''3lei, 3lėk, 3lėk, 3lėju, 3lėja, 3lėnė, 3lėkøm, 3lėjøm''
** ''3lei, 3lėk, 3lėk, 3lėju, 3lėja, 3lėnė, 3lėkøm, 3lėjøm''
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*''løv'' 'into, in' (from ''*la-libb'')
*''løv'' 'into, in' (from ''*la-libb'')
**''Nėk wamen løv žinė'' - I believe in this
**''Nėk wamen løv žinė'' - I believe in this
**''Hu tyheb løva'' - He fell in love with her
**''Hu tyhev løva'' - He fell in love with her
*''ȝvar'' 'over'
*''ȝvar'' 'over'
*''tat'' 'under'
*''tat'' 'under'
*''aržo'' 'down' (from *ʔarþ-ah "earthward")
*''aržo'' 'down' (from *ʔarč̣-ah "earthward")
*''ðarkyn'' 'along'
*''ðarkyn'' 'along'
*''vlėš'' 'without'
*''vlėš'' 'without'
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===Fractional===
===Fractional===
Fractional numerals are formed with the segolate pattern CøCCy (pl. CøCaCi). Compound numerals can be inflected as well, like in the case of ordinal numerals. The analogized form ''øhðy'' is used for numerals ending in "1".
Fractional numerals are formed with the segolate pattern CøCCy (pl. CøCaCi). Compound numerals can be inflected as well, like in the case of ordinal numerals. The analogized form ''øhðy'' is used for numerals ending in "1".
*half = gøv (from *gunb- 'side')
*half = γøv (from *gunb- 'side')
*3rd = šølšy
*3rd = šølšy
*4th = røvȝy
*4th = røvȝy
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''Šaver in demaša zydarder!''
''Šaver in demaša zydarder!''
''Ym mγilut lym malk ȝlėn trøn lau''
''Ym mγilut lym malk ȝlėn trøn lau''
''Vė klilit γruf ðak vy γali vor.''
''Vė klilit γruf ðak vy γali jam.''
''Atøm, žė watė mancavta hė,''
''Atøm, žė watė mancavta hė,''
''Ȝavry hen yn Ylėh lawani ȝlėn arž.''
''Ȝavry hen yn Ylėh lawani ȝlėn arž.''
IlL
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