Quame languages: Difference between revisions
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| region = Txapoalli, Talma, Etalocin; today worldwide | | region = Txapoalli, Talma, Etalocin; today worldwide | ||
| name = Quame | | name = Quame | ||
| altname = Naquo- | | altname = Naquo-Bjeheondo-Talman, Northwestern | ||
| familycolor = Quame | | familycolor = Quame | ||
| family = One of Tricin's primary language families | | family = One of Tricin's primary language families | ||
| Line 14: | Line 14: | ||
}} | }} | ||
The '''Quame languages''' ([[Eevo]]: ''brits Cłem'', from ''*kʷēm | The '''Quame languages''' ([[Eevo]]: ''brits Cłem'', from ''*kʷēm'', the reconstructed word for 1), also known as '''Naquo-Bjeheondo-Talman''', are a major language family in [[Verse:Tricin|Tricin]]. It is well-established that that [[Naquic languages|Naquic]] and [[Talmic languages|Talmic]] form a Naquo-Talmic family; the relationship of other languages to Naquo-Talmic is conjectured by some but not well-established. | ||
The Quame urheimat is surmised to be somewhere in Etalocin (the union of Clofabolocin and [[Verse:Tricin/Dodellia|Dodellia]]). Proto-Quame was spoken 3000 years ago. | The Quame urheimat is surmised to be somewhere in Etalocin (the union of Clofabolocin and [[Verse:Tricin/Dodellia|Dodellia]]). Proto-Quame was spoken 3000 years ago. | ||
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==Family tree== | ==Family tree== | ||
* Quame | * Quame | ||
** [[Talmic languages]] | ** [[Talmic languages]] | ||
** [[Roshterian]] | ** [[Roshterian]] | ||
** [[Nurian]] | ** [[Nurian]] | ||
| Line 152: | Line 152: | ||
OVS; focus prominent; Wackernagel clitics | OVS; focus prominent; Wackernagel clitics | ||
=== Classifiers === | === Classifiers === | ||
* | *qon, pl. stē = animates (humans, more "animate" animals like pets) | ||
* | *ṭēn, pl. yes = honorific form of ne | ||
*kwon, pl. φrī = organisms not viewed as sentient: plants, fungi | *kwon, pl. φrī = organisms not viewed as sentient: plants, fungi, "lower" animals, pests | ||
* | *φās, pl. nē = generic inanimates | ||
* | *smār, pl. smin = tiny, point-like objects; mass nouns | ||
* | *oyr, pl. φal = long, thin objects | ||
* | *φū, pl. zoy = flat sheets | ||
*gī, pl. krūh = food items | *gī, pl. krūh = food items | ||
* | *rāw, pl. sya = abstractions; intellectual works such as art, books, ... | ||
* | *kmāh, pl. lū = manmade structures: houses, buildings, cities; tools | ||
** Units of measurement do not take classifiers with numerals. | ** Units of measurement do not take classifiers with numerals. | ||
== | ==Derivational morphology== | ||
* ''-sa'': "Caland" suffix | |||
* Compounding (head-final) | |||
[[Category:Tricin]][[Category:Quame languages|*]][[Category:Proto-languages]] | [[Category:Tricin]][[Category:Quame languages|*]][[Category:Proto-languages]] | ||
[[Category:Language families|Q]] | [[Category:Language families|Q]] | ||
Latest revision as of 23:55, 9 October 2022
| Quame | |
|---|---|
| Naquo-Bjeheondo-Talman, Northwestern | |
| Created by | IlL |
| Geographic distribution | Txapoalli, Talma, Etalocin; today worldwide |
| Linguistic classification | One of Tricin's primary language families |
| Proto-language | Proto-Quame |
The Quame languages (Eevo: brits Cłem, from *kʷēm, the reconstructed word for 1), also known as Naquo-Bjeheondo-Talman, are a major language family in Tricin. It is well-established that that Naquic and Talmic form a Naquo-Talmic family; the relationship of other languages to Naquo-Talmic is conjectured by some but not well-established.
The Quame urheimat is surmised to be somewhere in Etalocin (the union of Clofabolocin and Dodellia). Proto-Quame was spoken 3000 years ago.
Proto-Quame phonology is inspired by classical IE languages (esp. Greek and Proto-Celtic) and Tsez.
Family tree
Phonology
Consonants
The following inventory of consonants is reconstructed for PQ and is now accepted by the majority of Trician scholars.
| Labial | Dental | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Uvular | Glottal | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| plain | labialized | plain | labialized | |||||||
| Nasal | *m | *n | ||||||||
| Plosive | plain (asp.) | *t | *T | *k | *kʷ | *q | *qʷ | *ʔ | ||
| ejective | *tʼ | *Tʼ | *kʼ | *kʷʼ | *qʼ | *qʷʼ | ||||
| voiced | *b | *d | *D | *g | *gʷ | *ɢ | *ɢʷ | |||
| Fricative | *φ | *s | ||||||||
| Resonant | *l | *r | *y /j/ | *w | ||||||
Vowels
| Front | Central | Back | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Close | *i *ī | *u *ū | |
| Mid | *e *ē | *o *ō | |
| Open | *a *ā |
Suprasegmentals
Stress was phonemic.
Phonotactics
Rules:
- Grassmann's Law operates in many descendants.
Grammar
Typology
No case, number + classifier marking articles, clusivity (very un-IE)
OVS; focus prominent; Wackernagel clitics
Classifiers
- qon, pl. stē = animates (humans, more "animate" animals like pets)
- ṭēn, pl. yes = honorific form of ne
- kwon, pl. φrī = organisms not viewed as sentient: plants, fungi, "lower" animals, pests
- φās, pl. nē = generic inanimates
- smār, pl. smin = tiny, point-like objects; mass nouns
- oyr, pl. φal = long, thin objects
- φū, pl. zoy = flat sheets
- gī, pl. krūh = food items
- rāw, pl. sya = abstractions; intellectual works such as art, books, ...
- kmāh, pl. lū = manmade structures: houses, buildings, cities; tools
- Units of measurement do not take classifiers with numerals.
Derivational morphology
- -sa: "Caland" suffix
- Compounding (head-final)