Tocharian D/Nouns: Difference between revisions
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(Created page with "Conjugation in nouns have largely taken over the system of Proto-Indo-European languages. They are classified into four types according to their stem: /a/type, /n/type, /i/typ...") |
m (→/u/type) |
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! rowspan=2|[[w:Grammatical case|Case]] | ! rowspan=2|[[w:Grammatical case|Case]] | ||
! colspan=2| | ! colspan=2|sänu "son" | ||
|- | |- | ||
! [[w:Grammatical number|Singular]] | ! [[w:Grammatical number|Singular]] | ||
| Line 113: | Line 113: | ||
|- | |- | ||
| [[w:nominative case|Nominative]] | | [[w:nominative case|Nominative]] | ||
| | | sänu | ||
| | | sänäy | ||
|- | |- | ||
| [[w:vocative case|Vocative]] | | [[w:vocative case|Vocative]] | ||
| | | sän | ||
| — | | — | ||
|- | |- | ||
| [[w:accusative case|Accusative]] | | [[w:accusative case|Accusative]] | ||
| | | sänu | ||
| | | sänun | ||
|- | |- | ||
| [[w:genitive case|Genitive]] | | [[w:genitive case|Genitive]] | ||
| | | säno | ||
| | | sänäwa | ||
|- | |- | ||
| [[w:dative case|Dative]] | | [[w:dative case|Dative]] | ||
| | | säno | ||
| | | sänäma | ||
|- | |- | ||
| [[w:instrumental case|Instrumental]] | | [[w:instrumental case|Instrumental]] | ||
| | | säno | ||
| | | sänämi | ||
|} | |} | ||
Revision as of 15:47, 14 November 2022
Conjugation in nouns have largely taken over the system of Proto-Indo-European languages. They are classified into four types according to their stem: /a/type, /n/type, /i/type, and /u/type. There are a small number of other three types, root nouns (ending with a consonant), kinship nouns (ending with /er/), and /s/type nouns.
/a/type
| Case | yähwa "horse" | |
|---|---|---|
| Singular | w:Plural | |
| Nominative | yähwa | yähwi |
| Vocative | yahw | — |
| Accusative | yähwa | yähwan |
| Genitive | yähway | yähwan |
| Dative | yähway | yähwama |
| Instrumental | yähwa | yähwami |
/n/type
| Case | kwäma "man" | |
|---|---|---|
| Singular | w:Plural | |
| Nominative | kwäma | kwämañ |
| Vocative | kwäm | — |
| Accusative | kwämanu | kwämanun |
| Genitive | kwämañ | kwämana |
| Dative | kwämañ | kwämama |
| Instrumental | kwämañe | kwämami |
/i/type
| Case | kašä "guest" | |
|---|---|---|
| Singular | w:Plural | |
| Nominative | kašä | kaši |
| Vocative | kaš | — |
| Accusative | kašä | kašän |
| Genitive | kaši | kašäya |
| Dative | kaši | kašäma |
| Instrumental | kaši | kašämi |
/u/type
| Case | sänu "son" | |
|---|---|---|
| Singular | w:Plural | |
| Nominative | sänu | sänäy |
| Vocative | sän | — |
| Accusative | sänu | sänun |
| Genitive | säno | sänäwa |
| Dative | säno | sänäma |
| Instrumental | säno | sänämi |
kinship nouns (/er/ type)
| Case | macer "mother" | |
|---|---|---|
| Singular | w:Plural | |
| Nominative | macer | matŕ |
| Vocative | macer | — |
| Accusative | macäru | matru |
| Genitive | matär | matra |
| Dative | matŕ | maträma |
| Instrumental | matŕe | maträmi |
/s/ type
| Case | lampia "lamb" | |
|---|---|---|
| Singular | w:Plural | |
| Nominative | lampia | lampisa |
| Vocative | lampi | — |
| Accusative | lampia | lampisan |
| Genitive | lampiasi | lampisa |
| Dative | lampiasi | lampisäma |
| Instrumental | lampiasi | lampisämi |
root nouns
| Case | faθ "foot" | |
|---|---|---|
| Singular | w:Plural | |
| Nominative | faθ | fac |
| Vocative | fat | — |
| Accusative | fatu | fatun |
| Genitive | fac | fata |
| Dative | fac | fatäma |
| Instrumental | fac | fatämi |