Proto-Rathmosian/Later Developments: Difference between revisions

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(Created page with "===Common Changes=== * unstressed ''eC'' > ''iC'' and ''eyC'' > ''iyC'' * word-final, short ''a, e'' lost in words of 3 or more syllables: ''negara'' > ''negar'' * loss of wor...")
 
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* unstressed ''eC'' > ''iC'' and ''eyC'' > ''iyC''
* unstressed ''eC'' > ''iC'' and ''eyC'' > ''iyC''
* word-final, short ''a, e'' lost in words of 3 or more syllables: ''negara'' > ''negar''
* word-final, short ''a, e'' lost in words of 3 or more syllables: ''negara'' > ''negar''
* loss of word-final nasals ''-n'', ''-m'' with nasalisation or preceding vowel, creating new ''ą, ę, į, ų'' and ''ąą, ęę, įį, ųų''
* loss of word-final nasals ''-n'', ''-m'' with nasalisation or preceding vowel, creating new ''ą, ę, į, ų, ɚ'' and ''ąą, ęę, įį, ųų''
* loss of word-final ''-t''  
* loss of word-final ''-t''  
* raising of ''e'' > ''i'', ''ew > iw'' and ''ey'' > ''ii'' before ''i'' or ''y'' in the next syllable
* raising of ''e'' > ''i'', ''ew > iw'' and ''ey'' > ''iy'' before ''i'' or ''y'' in the next syllable
* loss of ''y'' between vowels and contraction of remaining vowels
* loss of ''y'' between vowels and contraction of remaining vowels
* loss of word-final short, non-nasal vowels in words of 3 or more syllables: ''negani'' > ''negan''
* loss of word-final short, non-nasal vowels in words of 3 or more syllables: ''negani'' > ''negan''
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===Rathmos Changes===
===Rathmos Changes===
* ''ə(ə)'' > ''e(e)'', ''ɚ > a''
* nasals followed by fricatives are lost, leading to compensatory lengthening and nasalisation of preceding vowel: ''negans'' > ''negąąs''
* nasals followed by fricatives are lost, leading to compensatory lengthening and nasalisation of preceding vowel: ''negans'' > ''negąąs''
* ''Cy'' > ''CC'', except ''ry''
* ''g'' > /ɣ/ in most positions, except ''ng, gg''
* ''p, t, k'' > ''f, þ, h'' and ''b, d > v, ð'' before ''n, m, l, r''
* ''a(a)'' and ''ay'' raised to ''ä(ä), äy'' except before ''-n, -m'' or before a back vowel (''a(a), o(o), u(u)'') in the next syllable
* ''a(a)'' and ''ay'' raised to ''ä(ä), äy'' except before ''-n, -m'' or before a back vowel (''a(a), o(o), u(u)'') in the next syllable
** unstressed ''äC'' > ''eC''
** unstressed ''äC'' > ''eC''
* word-final ''-a'' lost
* word-final ''-a'' lost
* nasal vowels merge with non-nasal counterparts
* stressed ''ä, e, i'' > ''äw, ew, iw'' before ''-w, -lC, rC''
* stressed ''ä, e, i'' > ''äw, ew, iw'' before ''-w, -lC, rC''
* changes to diphthongs: ''ay > ae, aw > ao, äy > äe, äw > äo, ey > ee, ew > eo, uy
* changes to diphthongs: ''ay > ae, aw > ao, äy > äe, äw > äo, ey > ee, ew > eo, uy
* ''k, g, sk'' palatalised to ''ch'' /t͡ʃ/, ''ȝ'' /ʝ/, ''sh'' /ʃ/ (a) before a front vowel (''ä, e, i, ü'') or ''y'', or (b) after ''e, i'' except when followed by a back vowel: ''negara > neger > neȝer'' but ''neganta > negan''
* ''k, g, sk'' palatalised to ''ch'' /t͡ʃ/, ''ȝ'' /ʝ/, ''sh'' /ʃ/ (a) before a front vowel (''ä, e, i, ü'') or ''y'', or (b) after ''e, i'' except when followed by a back vowel: ''negara > neger > neȝer'' but ''neganta > negan''
* i-mutation: ''a(a) > ä(ä), e(e) > i(i), o(o) > ö(ö), u(u) > ü(ü)'' before ''i, y'' in next syllable
* i-mutation: ''a(a) > ä(ä), e(e) > i(i), o(o) > ö(ö), u(u) > ü(ü)'' before ''i, y'' in next syllable
* word-final ''-i, -u'' lost, except after light monosyllable
* unstressed vowel reduction:
** medial syllable: ''a, ä, e'' lost, ''i, u'' lost after heavy syllable, > ''e'' after light syllable, ''oo'' > ''o'', other long vowels > short
** final syllable: ''ä, i'' > ''e'', ''uC'' > ''oC'', ''oo > u'', other long vowels > short
===Carrick Changes===
* ''ə(ə), ɚ > a''
* nasal vowels merge with non-nasal counterparts
* i-mutation: ''a(a) > ä(ä), o(o) > ö(ö), u(u) > ü(ü)'' before ''i, y'' in next syllable
* stressed ''e(e)'' > ''ja(a)'', except after ''l, w''
* u-mutation: ''a(a) > o(o), ja(a) > jo(o), ä(ä) > œ(œ), e(e) > ö(ö), i(i) > ü(ü)
* ''y'' lost before front vowels and ''w'' before back vowels, except ''a''
* devoicing of word-final consonants
* ''mp, nk, nt > pp, kk, tt''
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