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| '''Lõis''' (地 ''Lõis'' /lɤis/, [[Türiŋit]] for 'Earth') is a collaborative alt-hist Earth created by [[User:Praimhín]] and [[User:IlL]].
| | Placeholder area in Txapoalli, close to the Antarctic Circle. |
| ==Sketches== | | == Languages == |
| From Proto-Dravidian to Austro-Dravidian:
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|
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| Retro → uvular
| | ===Onishian English=== |
| *ɳ → ŋ
| | ===Toneless Polyejectivevietnamese=== |
| *ʈ → q
| | toneless polysyllabic ejectivevietnamese with around 5 or 6 vowels, and no diphthongs |
| *ɭ, ɹ → ʀ
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| Some HGCS-ish shifts:
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| *Vq → Vχ
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| *Vk → Vx (when not word-initial)
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| *pp → pf → f
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| *tt → ts
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| *ṟ → voiceless r → θ̠
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| ===Tabiṛ=== | |
| θ̠ → ɬ
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|
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| Nasalization split
| | Vowels: /i~ɨ e~ɘ ɛ~ɜ a ɔ o u/ |
| *VNC → V~C → vowel split
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| nasals denasalize:
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| *m → b, n → d, ŋ → g
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|
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| 1: olly ['ɔɬə]
| | Consonants: /p pʼ t tʼ ts tsʼ tʂ tʂʼ k kʼ ʔ f s ʂ x h m n ŋ l ɹ j w/ |
| 2: iraqy ['ɪrɐqə]
| | ===Onishic language family=== |
| 3: bywlly ['bəɨɬə]
| | should NOT be Altaic |
| 4: dôcy ['do:kə]
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| 5: awty ['aətə]
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| 6: eyry ['eərə]
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| 7: aiṛy ['æɪʀə]
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| 8: eqy ['ɛqə]
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| 9: opitsy ['ɔpɪtsə]
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| 10: patsy ['pætsə]
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| 100: dŵry ['dɨːrə]
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|
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| bara "tree" (< ''maram''):
| | Honorific mania |
| | * lexical replacements |
| | * dependent marking |
|
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| sg: bara, baritse, baritsel, baritsil
| | ==Music== |
| | | small inharmonic scales like slendro, pelog and 7edo; there is one harmonic 21edo tradition |
| pl: baraca, barace, baracřel, baracřil
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| basha "son":
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| sg: basha, bashide, bashidel, bashidil
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| pl: bäshaka, bäshakře, bäshakřel, bäshakřil
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| bũqe "egg":
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| bũqe, bũqeje, bũqejil, bũqejel
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| viihu "house":
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| viihu, viiqe, viiqel, viiqil
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| viihuka, viihukře, viihukřel, viihukřil
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| ===Kirkkaselmörr=== | |
| {| class="bluetable lightbluebg " style="width: 700px; text-align: center;"
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| ! colspan="2"|
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| ! | Labial
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| ! | Dental/Alv.
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| ! | Medial
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| ! | Palatal
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| ! | Velar
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| |-
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| ! colspan="2" | Nasal
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| | '''m''' /m/
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| | '''n''' /n̪/
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| | '''ṇ''' /ɳ~ɲˁ/
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| | '''nj''' /ɲ/
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| | '''ng''' /ŋ/
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| |-
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| ! colspan="2" |Plosive
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| | '''p''' /p/
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| | '''t''' /t̪/
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| | '''z''' /ʈ~cˁ/
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| | '''k''' /k/
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| |-
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| ! colspan="2" |Fricative
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| | '''f''' /f/
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| | '''þ''' /θ/, '''ß''' /s/
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| | '''s''' /ʂ~çˁ/, '''zs''' /ʈʂ~cçˁ/
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| | '''ch''' /x/
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| |-
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| ! colspan="2" |Trill
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| | '''ŕ''' /r~ɾ/
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| |-
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| ! rowspan="2" |Approximant
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| ! | <small>central</small>
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| | '''w''' /w/
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| |colspan="2"| '''r''' /ɹ~ɻ/
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| | '''j''' /j/
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| |-
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| ! | <small>lateral</small>
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| | '''l''' /l̪/
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| |}
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| 1: onþ
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| 2: iŕeṇz
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| 3: muhnþ
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| 4: nahng
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| 5: eind
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| 6: ahŕ
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| 7: ier
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| 8: ezz
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| 9: onfeßß
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| 10: paßß
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| 100: nuhŕ
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| Dämmer nouns are inflected in 2 numbers (singular and plural) and 4 cases (nominative, accusative, genitive, instrumental-locative). The language uses SVO order and postpositions like Finnish. The accusative is different from the nominative only for /-m̩/ nouns. In the genitive singular i-umlaut is triggered (a ɛ: ʌ o: ʊ u: aʊ > ɛ i: œ ø: u y: œy), though it is blocked by certain noun suffixes.
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| The Dravidian plural suffix is added as follows:
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| *nouns in /-m̩/: the /-m̩/ changes to /-ŋɐ/
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| *after resonants: /-kɐ/
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| *otherwise: ''-er'' /-ɐ/
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| "tree":
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| *maɾm̩ (nom. sg.); maɾŋɐ (nom./acc. pl.)
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| *maɾt͡s (acc. sg.)
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| *maɾt͡sn̩ (gen. sg.); maɾŋɐn (gen. pl.)
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| *maɾt͡sl̩ (ins./loc. sg.); maɾŋɐl (ins./loc. pl.)
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| "son":
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| *maçn̩ (nom./acc. sg.); maçn̩kɐ (nom./acc. pl.)
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| *maçnn̩ (gen. sg.); maçn̩kɐn (gen. pl.)
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| *maçnl̩ (ins./loc. sg.); maçn̩kɐl (ins./loc. pl.)
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| "path":
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| *wɛɐ (nom./acc. sg.); wɛɐkɐ (nom./acc. pl.)
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| *wɛʁn̩ (gen. sg.); wɛɐkɐn (gen. pl.)
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| *wɛʁl̩ (ins./loc. sg.); wɛɐkɐl (ins./loc. pl.)
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| "house":
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| *waɪχ (nom./acc. sg.); waɪχɐ (nom./acc. pl.)
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| *waɪχn̩ (gen. sg.); waɪχɐn (gen. pl.)
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| *waɪχl̩ (ins./loc. sg.); waɪχɐl (ins./loc. pl.)
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| "egg":
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| *mʊqə (nom./acc. sg.); mʊqɐ (nom./acc. pl.)
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| *mʏqn̩ (gen. sg.); mʊqɐn (gen. pl.)
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| *mʊql̩ (ins./loc. sg.); mʊqɐl (ins./loc. pl.)
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| Dämmer is *not* pro-drop (like French and German).
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| in the present tense there are two different paradigms, vowel verbs and consonant verbs. Umlaut may occur in the present tense.
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| After vowels the present suffix is -ch- /ç/
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| ßie- [si:] = to do
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| nehn ßiechen [ne:n si:çn] = I do
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| nei ßieche [naɪ si:çə] = you do
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| aben ßiechen [a:bn si:çn] = he does
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| aber ßiecher [a:bɐ si:çɐ] = she does
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| att ßieched [at si:çət] = it does
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| abeŕ ßiecheŕ [abr si:çəɾ] = s/he (honorific) does
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| nehŋer ßiechem [ne:ŋɐ si:çm] = we (exc) do
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| nehm ßiechem [ne:m si:çm] = we (exc) do
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| neiŋer ßiecheŕg [naɪŋɐ si:çəɾk] = you folks do
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| aŕger ßiecheŕg [aɾgɐ si:çəɾk] = you folks do
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| eicher ßiechen [aɪçɐ si:çn] = they do
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| After consonants the present suffix is -g- /k/:
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| wehr- [we:ɐ] = to live
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| nehn wëhrgen [wi:ɐkn] = I live
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| nei wëhrge [wi:ɐkə] = you live
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| etc.
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| In the past tense, the personal endings are added to the suffix -d-.
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| nehn ßieden [si:tn] = I did
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| nei ßiede = you did
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| ...
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| In the future tense, the suffix -b- is used (from fortition of older -v- after stressed syllables).
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| nehn ßieben [si:pn] = I'll do
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| nei ßiebe = you'll do
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| ...
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| ==Languages==
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| *IE
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| **[[Tluh-buhd-tahch]]
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| **Italic
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| ***Latin
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| ****Caucasian Romance
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| **Celtic
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| ***Goidelic
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| ****Old Irish
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| *****L-Irish
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| *****L-Scottish Gaelic
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| ***Brythonic
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| ****L-Welsh
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| ****L-Icelandic
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| ****L-Spanish (the -mab, -mer language)
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| **Germanic
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| ***[[Nórnaäs]]
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| ***Þiúdic
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| ****[[Þiúdьsk]]
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| ****[[Ufirlandisg]]
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| ***Proto-West Germanic
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| ****Proto-L-Anglic (broad/slender Old English)
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| *****[[Siaksisz]]
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| *****L-English
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| *****Khmerized Old English
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| **Balto-Slavic
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| ***Baltic
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| ***Slavic
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| ****West Slavic
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| *****Sorbian
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| *****Lechitic
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| ******Polish
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| ******L-Ukrainian (Pseudo-Nuxálk)
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| *****Czech
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| ****East Slavic
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| *****L-Russian (a clickretrouvular language)
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| **Indo-Iranian
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| ***Sanskrit
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| ****Prakrits
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| *****[[Judeo-Indic]]
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| *****Pali
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| ******[[Samanasphuore]]
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| **Armenian
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| **Quibbertoot
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| *Uralic
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| **[[L-Norwegian]]
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| **Estonian
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| **Livonian
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| *Semitic
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| **Central Semitic
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| ***Canaanite
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| ****Hebrew ("Modern Standard Hebrew" and Portuguese, Corsican/Sardinian, Sicilian, Venetian, Balkan and Anatolian basilects)
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| *****[[Ngivrith Taccnith]]
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| *****Portuguese Hebrew (stopless)
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| *****Compound-and-syncope-like-crazy Hebrew
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| *****Broad/slender Hebrew
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| ***Aramaic
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| ****Modern Aramaic lects
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| ****Scooby-Doo
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| ***Arabic
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| ****Arabic + umlaut
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| *Dravidian
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| **Old Tamil
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| ***"Austro-Dravidian"
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| ****[[Tabiṛ]]
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| ****[[Kirkkaselmörr]]
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| ***L-Toda
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| ***[[Kyravar Maři]]
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| *"Altaic"
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| **Turkic
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| ***[[Cascadian Turkic]]
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| ***L-Chinook Jargon
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| **Middle Korean
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| ***[[Karamal]]
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| **Japonic
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| *Sino-Tibetan
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| **Tibetic
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| ***L-Tibetan
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| **Old Chinese
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| ***L-Middle Chinese
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| ****[[Türiŋit]]
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| ****L-Cantonese (Polish-esque)
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| ***qʷˁʼaqˁʼartːut gib
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| *Mon-Khmer
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| **L-Khmer (Philly Khmer)
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| **L-Mon (Wiobian gib)
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| ***uses ''be-'': transitivizer (causative, denominal verbs, applicative)
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| ***''zraak'' = divide, split
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| *Tai-Kadai
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| **Pradjuul gib
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| *Miao-Yao
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| **Hmong
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| *Austronesian
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| **L-Polynesian
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| ***Californian AN
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| ***L-Hawaiian (with mutations!)
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| **Dravido-Austronesian
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| ***Head-final Austronesian languages
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| **Triconsonantal Austronesian
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| *Salish
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| **Coast Salish
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| ***L-Lushootseed (Boot Polishoe gib?)
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| **Interior Salish
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| ***Okanagan
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| ****[[Unser Sinn]] (Clickgerman gib)
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| ***Montana Salish
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| *Eskimo-Aleut
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| **L-Inuit?
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| *Na-Dené
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| **Athabaskan
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| **L-Tlingit (a click language)
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| [[Category:Lõis|*]]
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| [[Category:Conworlds]]
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