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Verse:Lõis/Esperanto: Difference between revisions
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==Sri Lankan Creole Esperanto== | ==Sri Lankan Creole Esperanto== | ||
Sinhala and Tamil substrates; the syntax is accordingly SOV and tends to compound a bit more | |||
Phonologically Sri Lankan Creole Esperanto has many South Asian sprachbund features, such as the presence of retroflex consonants. The letter ''d'' is generally pronounced retroflex, in contrast with ''t'', and voicing distinctions are generally neutralized, so ''p/b'' and ''k/g'' are completely merged. | |||
Morphologically, Sri Lankan Creole Esperanto is notable in not having prepositions at all; the part of speech markers are analogized as case markers, with various compounding strategies used to replace prepositions (as in the evolution of Indic from PIE). | |||
==Canadian Creole Esperanto== | ==Canadian Creole Esperanto== | ||
Spoken near Quebec, mostly around the Ontario/Quebec border -- its main substrates are English and French | |||
Notably, English and French words that happen to be cognate with Esperanto words are not phonetically adapted to or merged with their Esperanto counterparts, they're often treated as separate lexical items with specialized meanings. Sometimes Esperanto words that are very close to English or French, especially in pronunciation, are considered lower register and are often substituted with more "native Esperanto" formations, such as ''eco'' instead of ''esenco'' (essence), ''ulo'' instead of ''homo'' (person). | |||
Phonologically certain distinctions in Esperanto have gotten simplified: ''c'' merges with ''s'' or sometimes with ''t'' (under Quebec French influence), as in ''stii'' (to know). ''ĥ'' sometimes merges with ''r'', and ''ĝ'' and ''ĵ'' are officially merged into something that can be /dʒ/ or /ʒ/ in free variation. | |||
Part of speech markers are no longer productive, due to the influence of English and French -- loanwords are often borrowed without the corresponding part of speech marker. The noun suffix ''-o'' is reanalyzed as a diminutive for animate nouns due to the influence of French ''-eau''. The article ''la'', likewise, is generally omitted in high-register language due to its resemblance to the French cognate, with the demonstratives ''tio'' and ''tiu'' used instead. | |||
Native verbs take on the suffix -i by default, and loaned verbs show up in the infinitive form (without "to" in the case of English). | |||
Certain aspects of vocabulary are simplified even when they resemble French or English, such as days of the week and months, which use a numerical system instead: ''ununato'', ''dunato'', ''trinato'' etc. where -nato is an abbreviation of -monato. | |||
To include: Tok Pisin-like grammaticalizations? | |||
demonstrative/definite article ''tunu'' from ''tio unu'' (that one), specific article ''ĉunu'' from ''ĉi tio unu'' (this one) | |||