Linguifex

User:Praimhín/Sketchbook: Difference between revisions

User page Discussion

User:Praimhín/Sketchbook (view source)

Revision as of 13:21, 13 March 2023

2,865 bytes added ,  13 March 2023
→‎Inscription on the Ring
 
(139 intermediate revisions by 2 users not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
==Strikethrough mania==
==Tolkien parodies==
===Inscription on the Ring===
<poem>
ash na-zg durb-at-ul-ûk
moment no-DET renounce-FUT-2SG.OBJ-1SG.SUBJ
ash na-zg gimb-at-ul
moment no-DET let-down-FUT-2SG.OBJ
ash na-zg thrak-at-ul-ûk
moment no-DET desert-FUT-2SG.OBJ-1SG.SUBJ
agh bu-r(u)zum-ishi krimp-at-ul
SUBJ to-circle-path flee-FUT-2SG.OBJ
</poem>
 
===Cirion's oath to Eorl===
<poem>
Vanda sina termaruva elenna-nóreo alcar enyalien, ar elendil vorondo voronwe.
human all born-PL-PASS start-time-LOC freedom possess-PART, and dignity-CONJ rights-LOC equal.
 
Nai tiruvantes i hárar mahalmassen mi númen,
They give-PASS-APPL OBL reason-CONJ conscience GEN heart,
 
Ar i eru i or ilye mahalmar ea tennoio.
and DAT/OBL one OBL other brother spirit OPT act.
</poem>
 
==Rafa Keli revamped==
Proto Finnic and Proto Semitic creole
 
w -> y but much more consistent
 
ja for "and", from both Finnic and Semitic
 
==Judeo-Eevo==
 
Spoken in Bjeheond
 
native name: ''a Jahuuđiw'', ''a laxøøn Jahuuđiw''; Hebrew/Judeo-Eevo bilinguals may refer to it as ''ađ Eevo'' or ''a Talmiw''
 
Lexical layers: a separate evolution of Middle Eevo, Ashkenazi Hebrew with þ/s distinction, Modern Windermere, Netagin, Shalaian with the Canaanite shift
 
==Random ideas==
 
binthaakaat - peanut butter


some subset of: a ⱥ b c ȼ d e ɇ f g h i j k ꝃ l ł m n o ø p q r s t ⱦ u v ꝟ w x y z  ꝛ ꝝ
==Hlou, Shumian==


==L-English==
Should belong in another conworld


ā ē ī ō ū ʲā ʲē ʲī ʲō ʲū -> ā ē ī ō ū ǟ ē ī ȫ ǖ -> ō ī əi ū əu ī ī əi ǖ əü
==PIE ideas==


a e i o u ja je ji jo ju ->
===Nostraticist/Theo Vennemann heavenlang===


==Gloob==
PIE turned Talmic/Semitic


1: ev
different Grimm's law?
2: lood
3: keev
4: splud
5: dhawm
6: ruv
7: gleed
8: thauj
9: frood
10: ste
11: strab
12: kauv
24: bloov
144: rawj
1728: sleb


The dogs bark = Av pluj ib teeb
kwe -> te shift for question words?
The dog barks = Av pluj teeb ib


to drive = klajlov
þeht "child" from teḱtom? c.f. teknon in Greek


Welcome = Kooj tib laig
"to sing" from gʰel- c.f. galaną in PGmc


personal pronouns:
Hṛdhwos -> ard "big"
I = fij
you = blus
he/she/it = tam
we = woogsid (incl), sid (excl)
you (pl.) = blus
they = tam


good day = haub drim
luk-tos -> loht "summer"
good night = fleej drim


==Zienruol==
bhṛH-ent from onomatopoeic root -> "freezing" -> byrġend "winter"


Broad/slender Rõktiapic
h1eti -> directional preposition "et / eþ" -> accusative


õe/õi/ie/ei/ee/iu/io -> e/i/je/je/je/ju/jo
d -> l as in Latin makes do -> lo for dative


==Windermere==
h1epi -> fi "in"


<poem>
-wē -> w- "and", some kʷ-word > ka- "like"
ƛuduy -> tłətuu should mean "person"
 
tłu- is the agentive then
h1en-men- -> emmen- "to believe"
tłumüt = botanist
 
tłukəplaor = ornithologist
h1en-mn-tis -> emmeth "truth"
krea should mean study
 
tłukrea = scholar
lubh-yom -> lybbe "that which loves" -> "heart"?
definite suffix
 
ng?
h2nek' > nes- "to bear"
maybe -ing
 
or -ung
h2wes-bh- -> wsef- / jsef- "to sit"? c.f. sedere -> ser in Spanish
i need a good tsimulhic source: *xiN? (too quihum?)
 
i can use *aNk'ə which strangely enough would become something like -ok in Boot Polish
h1en-h1e (eǵh₂), h1en-te, swe - pronouns
looks tok pisik!
 
tłətung = the person
sen "old" > "year of age" > "year"
(TENSE-CONSTRUCT) tłətung krea nin doan müt
 
nin = see
woģn- > wazn "carriage" > "load, weight"?
or üter = see?
 
maybe lüb
 
_??_ tłətung krea lüb doan müt
==Balkhan==
the definite suffix can surface as -ing after a front vowel
 
the present tense prefix should look like CVC
 
ret?
 
Rettłətung krea lüb doan müt.
Inspired by Italian and Latin: "what if Italian were a priori"
= The person studies a flower.
 
PRES-person-DEF study see one flower
Incorporate words from BMAC
(a noun phrase must be preceded by an auxiliary verb to indicate its case)
 
should "one flower" be "doan müt" or something more fusional?
lion: singia
maybe the indefinite article is "do"
 
Rettłətung krea lüb do müt.
==Mixolydian==
 
Spoken in: Italy, Albania, the Levant, India, Indonesia, Thailand, Australia
 
From PIE; t d dh -> tʰ d t
 
Inspirations: Baltic, Albanian
 
PIE: h₂áu̯ei̯ h₁i̯osméi̯ h₂u̯l̥h₁náh₂ né h₁ést, só h₁éḱu̯oms derḱt. só gʷr̥hₓúm u̯óǵʰom u̯eǵʰed; só méǵh₂m̥ bʰórom; só dʰǵʰémonm̥ h₂ṓḱu bʰered.
*Proto-Mixolydian (tentative name): avī yasmī vilnō ne estʰ, sa ečʰvą̄s derčitʰ. sa girrų vačą večetʰ, sa mēǰą parą; sa manį āčʰu peretʰ. (to thematize)
**Old Nomadic Mixolydian (with Grassmann followed by Grimm): avyō yōs rōdai vilnō ne est, ešvą̄s vaide, smą girvą vačą večenθį, smą mēǰą parą; θu smą nērą āšu perenθį.
***Levantine Mixolydian: contributed some words to English
**Classical Mixolydian ("tentum" language, with Grassmann): avyō, kʰō vilnǭ ne tare, retʰvą̄s vaide, mą girvą vaθą veθei, mą mēðą perą veθei; tʰu mą nērą kʰirsvą perei. ''Greek transcription'': αϝιώ, χώ ϝιλνώμ νε ταρε, ρεθϝάμς ϝαιδε. μαμ γιρρυμ ϝαϸαμ ϝεϸει, μαμ μέζαμ περαμ ϝεϸει, θυ μαμ νέραμ χιρσϝαμ περει.
***Indian Mixolydian
**Eastern Mixolydian (a substrate for Heleasic)
 
===Orthography===
 
A native logography in addition to the Greek alphabet
 
===Verbs===
between Greek and Lithuanian
 
mediopassive marked with -i
 
===Declension===
*wolf: wilkʰas, wilkʰą, wilkʰasya, wilkʰai, wilkʰātʰ, wilkʰai; wilkʰą̄s, wilkʰās, wilkʰą̄, wilkʰamas, wilkʰamis, wilkʰasu
*seed: tanō, tanǭ, tanōs, tanōi, tanōtʰ, tanōi; tanōs, tanǭs, tanōwą̄, tanōmas, tanōmis, tanōsu
*chair: selwą, selwą, selwasya, selwai, selwātʰ, selwai; selwō, selwō, selwą̄, selwamas, selwamis, selwasu
*i-stems (extremely uncommon)
 
The neuter gender merges into the masculine in Classical Mixolydian. Levantine Mixolydian around the 10th century is about as analytic as Hindi.
 
===Morphosyntax===


windermere participles:
Mixolydian has the accusative and infinitive construction found in Latin and Ancient Greek, and in Classical and Levantine Mixolydian the accusative and infinitive construction by itself is the most common way of expressing the optative.
VN ("da" + verb?)
dakrea = studying, datsai = moving, dadziei = doing


</poem>
===Lexicon===
ρεθϝας means 'horse' in Classical and reθwas means 'wheel' in Nomadic


==Tsimulhic numbers==
smas/ainas, dwā, tʰrīs, kʰetʰwār, pʰenkʰe, swečʰs, septʰį, ačtʰau, nawį, dečʰį
-> Classical mas/ainas, dvā, tʰrīs, ketʰvār, penkʰe, vetʰs, septʰį, attʰau, navį, detʰį


Language with welshy mutations: əs, urí, uyl, trə́s, ǘmidz, weso, ivim, pidi, dzašo, ehro, ames, əsrə
Levantine: en, dva, θri, kaθar, peng, veš, seft, ašt, nò, deš (20: wišt?)


dūras: faint, soft (drifted from "distant")


==Tsimulh → Hetomic vowel changes==
leupyą (''Nomadic''): hobby (calqued from Old Togarmite)


<poem>
===Levantine Mixolydian===
ə and əˁ disappear
a i u -> ɛ ɪ ʊ
a: i: u: -> æ i u
ə: → ə
ac ic uc -> ɔ ɨ ʊ
sorry, ic -> ə
a:c i:c u:c ə:c -> ɑ ɨ u o
aj ij uj əj → ɪ i ʏ ɪ
aw iw uw əw → œ/ø ʏ u ʊ
a:j i:j u:j ə:j → ɛj i yj əj
a:w i:w u:w ə:w → ɛw yw u əw
i'll change the y-diphthongs to ø-diphthongs
so i have:
i ɪ ɛ æ ʏ ø ɨ ə u ʊ o ɔ ɑ ɛj əj øj ɛw əw øw
ʏ -> y
13 monophongs and 6 diphthongs
</poem>


numbers: awc̓ān kiłu ukʷəl craysi uymədᶻ kʷicū əƞgʷim k̓ʷədi dᶻaƞƛ̓ū xīƞru amīs aƞc̓rax
some kind of "Balkan Sprachbund Hindi"? (Balkan grammar and Hindi syntax)


==Idosian==
Old Nomadic Mixolydian had a very simple declension system, merging the accusative with the nominative and the locative with the dative:


p t k ʔ
nom, gen, dat, abl
*vilxa, vilxas, vilxē, vilxaθ; vilxas, vilxa, vilxam, vilxam
*tano, tanos, tanī, tanoθ; tanos, tano, tanom, tanom


f v θ ð s z ƨ x ɣ h
Levantine Mixolydian went even further, dropping the -a ending and gender agreement:


m n ŋ
nom, obl
*vilx, vilxe; vilxas, vilxam
*tano, tani; tanos, tanom


l r ʟ j w
The oblique case is used as an ergative in perfect tenses.


a e i o u ə ø y ie uə ye
====Pronouns====


Grammar: SVOAux
====Verbs====


1: ruon
Due to Levantine Mixolydian being a peripheral member of the Levantine sprachbund, there are a few occasional similarities between its verbal system and English's, but also some differences:
2: mivu
3: thaköp
4: yeng
5: lüöf
6: huvał
7: mesez
8: aradh
9: thakömnës
10: mivunës
11: ruonës
12: wavik


13, 14, ... = ruongngawa, mivungawa, thaköpngawa, yengngawa, lüöfngawa, huvałngawa, ...
*The simple past tense is split-ergative and has a perfective aspect. The original Old Mixolydian past tense became a subjunctive.
*The optative is formed just like the present tense but with the infinitive instead of the conjugated verb; it derives from the Old Mixolydian accusative and infinitive construction which is also present in Levantine Mixolydian.
*There is a distinction between simple present and progressive as in English. The past progressive is used as a general imperfective past tense. Do-support is common for emphasis.


24: mivier
=====Paradigms=====
36: thakövier
48: yeghier
60: lüövier
72: huvaghier
84: mesezier
96: aradhier
108: kömnësier
120: vunëzier
132: ruonëzier
144: hekhuth


25: mivier ruon
====Lexicon====
143: ruonëzier ruonës
<poem>
290(base 12): mivu hekhuth kömnëzier
horse: eš
wheel: reθu
language: verdan
</poem>
===Indian Mixolydian===
Proto-Mixolydian *tʰ d t -> Proto-Indian Mixolydian *t d t -> t ð t (t ð t' in Himalayan Mixolydian?)  


1728: wavik hekhuth
fully tentum
20736: hekhthuz


-uz = augmentative
avyō, kō vilnǭ ne tare, retvą̄s vaide, mą girvą vatą vetei, mą mēdą perą vetei; tu mą nērą kirsvą perei.


==Special letters, may be Hetomu or Luminese==
make it really ancient/cuneiformy? could be the oldest written attestation of Mixolydian


Ꝑꝑ Ꝓꝓ Ꝕꝕ Ŧŧ Ⱦⱦ Ꞓꞓ Ȼȼ Ꝁꝁ Ꝃꝃ Ꝅꝅ Ꝗꝗ Ꝙꝙ Ꝛꝛ Ꝝꝝ Ꝟꝟ Ꝥꝥ Ꝧꝧ Ꝉꝉ Ꝋꝋ Ꝯꝯ ꝰ Ꝫꝫ Ꝭꝭ Ꝩꝩ
===Theonyms===
Greek gods: Apōllas, Asklēpyas, Hugeiō, Panakeiō?


==Qazhrian==
Mixolydian/Paleobalkan gods?


Ubykh/Hmoob hybrid
===Hippocratic Oath===
''Vērtʰą Ečʰvakʰratʰasya'' (<- wṛh₁tóm)


==Ferlitian==
''Amunvō Apōllą samyetʰrą, tʰu Asklēpyą, tʰu Hugeiǭ, tʰu Panakeiǭ tʰu vičʰvą̄s deivą̄s tʰu deivǭs anadirčʰrą̄s verǰamuną̄s ...''


based on repurposed Romanian


p t z ț c = /p t ts ʈ k/
==Pelasgian==
Inspired by Japanese and a literal reading of Mycenaean Greek


f s ș h = /f s ʂ h/
A priori with Greek loanwords pronounced just like Linear B


b d g = /b d g/


m n = /m n/
==Old Chinese-inspired conlangs==
==="Chinese gone Altaic"===
Inspired by [[Türiŋit]]
<poem>
Ah! serkets lhüügömüd tamõŋ rembi;
Taaŋ, põltõn dzurbõŋõts khiredimsüb;
[...]
Äräitüd! Kholurtud Valimarõm!
Jõnũlõm kholurtud! Äräitüd!
</poem>


l r v j = /l r w j/
==="Chinese gone Elvish"===
Inspired by IlL's [[Swuntsim]]


ch = /x/
<nowiki>*</nowiki>ʔaʔ tsˁe srek Cə.lˁəʔ ɬugs t.mˁa r.meʔ -> a ci sσech dlV σucs thəba σvə


sch = sje-sound
Mutations:
*Lenition from prepositions ending with a vowel: tsˁe srek -> ci σech
*Devoicing/provection from prepositions ending with a stop: Cə.lˁəʔ srek -> dlV sσech
*Nasalization from prepositions ending with a nasal: troŋ srek -> ξu nξech


gh = silent, ghi- = /j/
Heavy compounding followed by semantic drift (so verbs can end with things that historically were noun markers etc.)


a e î o u ă â = /a ə i o u ɛ e/
===Riffs on real world languages===


==Old Terg==
*Polysynthetic quasi-Mandarin with Slavic morphology
*Analytic quasi-German with Cantonese tones
*Polish/Khmer hybrid?
**r.meʔ -> rzmia /ʐmʲa/
*Sino-Korean/[[Tsjoen]] hybrid


User:IlL's Old Tergetian consonant inventory:
==Hoþenese==


{|class="greentable lightgreenbg" style="text-align:center"
''Hôthen'' <- *hosken
|-
|+'''Consonant phonemes'''
!rowspan="2" colspan="2"|
!colspan="2" | Labial
!colspan="2" | Dental
!colspan="2" | Alveolar
!colspan="2" | Lateral
!rowspan="2" | Retroflex
!colspan="2" | Velar
!rowspan="2" | Uvular
!rowspan="2" | Laryngeal
|-
! <small>broad</small>
! <small>slender</small>
! <small>broad</small>
! <small>slender</small>
! <small>broad</small>
! <small>slender</small>
! <small>broad</small>
! <small>slender</small>
! <small>broad</small>
! <small>slender</small>
|-
!colspan="2"| Nasal
| {{IPA|mˠ}} || {{IPA|mʲ}}
| {{IPA|n̪ˠ}} ||
| || {{IPA|nʲ}}
| {{IPA|n̪ˡˠ}} || {{IPA|nˡʲ}}
| {{IPA|ɳ}}
| {{IPA|ŋ}} || {{IPA|ɲ}}
| {{IPA|ɴ}}
|
|-
!rowspan="2" | Stop<br/>/Affricate
!<small>voiceless</small>
| {{IPA|pˠ}} || {{IPA|pʲ}}
| {{IPA|t̪ˠ}} ||
| || {{IPA|tʲ~tɕ}}
| {{IPA|tɬˠ}} || {{IPA|tɬʲ}}
| {{IPA|ʈ}}
| {{IPA|k}} || {{IPA|c}}
| {{IPA|q}}
| {{IPA|ʔ}}
|-
!<small>voiced</small>
| {{IPA|bˠ}} || {{IPA|bʲ}}
| {{IPA|d̪ˠ}} ||
| || {{IPA|dʲ~dʑ}}
| {{IPA|dɮˠ}} || {{IPA|dɮʲ}}
| {{IPA|ɖ}}
| {{IPA|ɡ}} || {{IPA|ɟ}}
| {{IPA|ɢ}}
|
|-
!rowspan="2"|Fricative
!<small>voiceless</small>
| {{IPA|fˠ}} || {{IPA|fʲ}}
| {{IPA|θˠ}}  || {{IPA|θʲ}}
| {{IPA|sˠ}} || {{IPA|sʲ~ɕ}}
| {{IPA|ɬˠ}} || {{IPA|ɬʲ}}
| {{IPA|ʂ}}
| {{IPA|x}} || {{IPA|ç}}
| {{IPA|χ}}
| {{IPA|h}}
|-
!<small>voiced</small>
| {{IPA|vˠ}} || {{IPA|vʲ}}
| {{IPA|ðˠ}} || {{IPA|ðʲ}}
| {{IPA|zˠ}} || {{IPA|zʲ~ʑ}}
| {{IPA|ɮˠ}} || {{IPA|ɮʲ}}
| {{IPA|ʐ}}
| {{IPA|ɣ}} ||
| {{IPA|ʁ}}
| {{IPA|ʕ}}
|-
!colspan=2| Trill
| ||
| ||
| {{IPA|rˠ}} || {{IPA|rʲ~r̝}}
| ||
| ||
|
|
|
|-
!colspan=2| Approximant
| {{IPA|w}} ||
| ||
| ||
| {{IPA|l̪ˠ}} || {{IPA|lʲ~ʎ}}
|
| || {{IPA|j}}
|
|
|}
Praimhín
7,723

edits

Retrieved from "https://linguifex.com/wiki/Special:MobileDiff/59205...297978"