User:Praimhín/Sketchbook

Tolkien parodies

Inscription on the Ring

ash na-zg durb-at-ul-ûk
moment no-DET renounce-FUT-2SG.OBJ-1SG.SUBJ
ash na-zg gimb-at-ul
moment no-DET let-down-FUT-2SG.OBJ
ash na-zg thrak-at-ul-ûk
moment no-DET desert-FUT-2SG.OBJ-1SG.SUBJ
agh bu-r(u)zum-ishi krimp-at-ul
SUBJ to-circle-path flee-FUT-2SG.OBJ

Cirion's oath to Eorl

Vanda sina termaruva elenna-nóreo alcar enyalien, ar elendil vorondo voronwe.
human all born-PL-PASS start-time-LOC freedom possess-PART, and dignity-CONJ rights-LOC equal.

Nai tiruvantes i hárar mahalmassen mi númen,
They give-PASS-APPL OBL reason-CONJ conscience GEN heart,

Ar i eru i or ilye mahalmar ea tennoio.
and DAT/OBL one OBL other brother spirit OPT act.

Rafa Keli revamped

Proto Finnic and Proto Semitic creole

w -> y but much more consistent

ja for "and", from both Finnic and Semitic

Judeo-Eevo

Spoken in Bjeheond

native name: a Jahuuđiw, a laxøøn Jahuuđiw; Hebrew/Judeo-Eevo bilinguals may refer to it as ađ Eevo or a Talmiw

Lexical layers: a separate evolution of Middle Eevo, Ashkenazi Hebrew with þ/s distinction, Modern Windermere, Netagin, Shalaian with the Canaanite shift

Random ideas

binthaakaat - peanut butter

Hlou, Shumian

Should belong in another conworld

PIE ideas

Nostraticist/Theo Vennemann heavenlang

PIE turned Talmic/Semitic

different Grimm's law?

kwe -> te shift for question words?

þeht "child" from teḱtom? c.f. teknon in Greek

"to sing" from gʰel- c.f. galaną in PGmc

Hṛdhwos -> ard "big"

luk-tos -> loht "summer"

bhṛH-ent from onomatopoeic root -> "freezing" -> byrġend "winter"

h1eti -> directional preposition "et / eþ" -> accusative

d -> l as in Latin makes do -> lo for dative

h1epi -> fi "in"

-wē -> w- "and", some kʷ-word > ka- "like"

h1en-men- -> emmen- "to believe"

h1en-mn-tis -> emmeth "truth"

lubh-yom -> lybbe "that which loves" -> "heart"?

h2nek' > nes- "to bear"

h2wes-bh- -> wsef- / jsef- "to sit"? c.f. sedere -> ser in Spanish

h1en-h1e (eǵh₂), h1en-te, swe - pronouns

sen "old" > "year of age" > "year"

woģn- > wazn "carriage" > "load, weight"?

Balkhan

Inspired by Italian and Latin: "what if Italian were a priori"

Incorporate words from BMAC

lion: singia

Mixolydian

Spoken in: Italy, Albania, the Levant, India, Indonesia, Thailand, Australia

From PIE; t d dh -> tʰ d t

Inspirations: Baltic, Albanian

PIE: h₂áu̯ei̯ h₁i̯osméi̯ h₂u̯l̥h₁náh₂ né h₁ést, só h₁éḱu̯oms derḱt. só gʷr̥hₓúm u̯óǵʰom u̯eǵʰed; só méǵh₂m̥ bʰórom; só dʰǵʰémonm̥ h₂ṓḱu bʰered.

• Proto-Mixolydian (tentative name): avī yasmī vilnō ne estʰ, sa ečʰvą̄s derčitʰ. sa girrų vačą večetʰ, sa mēǰą parą; sa manį āčʰu peretʰ. (to thematize)
  • Old Nomadic Mixolydian (with Grassmann followed by Grimm): avyō yōs rōdai vilnō ne est, ešvą̄s vaide, smą girvą vačą večenθį, smą mēǰą parą; θu smą nērą āšu perenθį.
    • Levantine Mixolydian: contributed some words to English
  • Classical Mixolydian ("tentum" language, with Grassmann): avyō, kʰō vilnǭ ne tare, retʰvą̄s vaide, mą girvą vaθą veθei, mą mēðą perą veθei; tʰu mą nērą kʰirsvą perei. Greek transcription: αϝιώ, χώ ϝιλνώμ νε ταρε, ρεθϝάμς ϝαιδε. μαμ γιρρυμ ϝαϸαμ ϝεϸει, μαμ μέζαμ περαμ ϝεϸει, θυ μαμ νέραμ χιρσϝαμ περει.
    • Indian Mixolydian
  • Eastern Mixolydian (a substrate for Heleasic)

Orthography

A native logography in addition to the Greek alphabet

Verbs

between Greek and Lithuanian

mediopassive marked with -i

Declension

• wolf: wilkʰas, wilkʰą, wilkʰasya, wilkʰai, wilkʰātʰ, wilkʰai; wilkʰą̄s, wilkʰās, wilkʰą̄, wilkʰamas, wilkʰamis, wilkʰasu
• seed: tanō, tanǭ, tanōs, tanōi, tanōtʰ, tanōi; tanōs, tanǭs, tanōwą̄, tanōmas, tanōmis, tanōsu
• chair: selwą, selwą, selwasya, selwai, selwātʰ, selwai; selwō, selwō, selwą̄, selwamas, selwamis, selwasu
• i-stems (extremely uncommon)

The neuter gender merges into the masculine in Classical Mixolydian. Levantine Mixolydian around the 10th century is about as analytic as Hindi.

Morphosyntax

Mixolydian has the accusative and infinitive construction found in Latin and Ancient Greek, and in Classical and Levantine Mixolydian the accusative and infinitive construction by itself is the most common way of expressing the optative.

Lexicon

ρεθϝας means 'horse' in Classical and reθwas means 'wheel' in Nomadic

smas/ainas, dwā, tʰrīs, kʰetʰwār, pʰenkʰe, swečʰs, septʰį, ačtʰau, nawį, dečʰį -> Classical mas/ainas, dvā, tʰrīs, ketʰvār, penkʰe, vetʰs, septʰį, attʰau, navį, detʰį

Levantine: en, dva, θri, kaθar, peng, veš, seft, ašt, nò, deš (20: wišt?)

dūras: faint, soft (drifted from "distant")

leupyą (Nomadic): hobby (calqued from Old Togarmite)

Levantine Mixolydian

some kind of "Balkan Sprachbund Hindi"? (Balkan grammar and Hindi syntax)

Old Nomadic Mixolydian had a very simple declension system, merging the accusative with the nominative and the locative with the dative:

nom, gen, dat, abl

• vilxa, vilxas, vilxē, vilxaθ; vilxas, vilxa, vilxam, vilxam
• tano, tanos, tanī, tanoθ; tanos, tano, tanom, tanom

Levantine Mixolydian went even further, dropping the -a ending and gender agreement:

nom, obl

• vilx, vilxe; vilxas, vilxam
• tano, tani; tanos, tanom

The oblique case is used as an ergative in perfect tenses.

Verbs

Due to Levantine Mixolydian being a peripheral member of the Levantine sprachbund, there are a few occasional similarities between its verbal system and English's, but also some differences:

• The simple past tense is split-ergative and has a perfective aspect. The original Old Mixolydian past tense became a subjunctive.
• The optative is formed just like the present tense but with the infinitive instead of the conjugated verb; it derives from the Old Mixolydian accusative and infinitive construction which is also present in Levantine Mixolydian.
• There is a distinction between simple present and progressive as in English. The past progressive is used as a general imperfective past tense. Do-support is common for emphasis.

Lexicon

horse: eš
wheel: reθu
language: verdan

Indian Mixolydian

Proto-Mixolydian *tʰ d t -> Proto-Indian Mixolydian *t d t -> t ð t (t ð t' in Himalayan Mixolydian?)

fully tentum

avyō, kō vilnǭ ne tare, retvą̄s vaide, mą girvą vatą vetei, mą mēdą perą vetei; tu mą nērą kirsvą perei.

make it really ancient/cuneiformy? could be the oldest written attestation of Mixolydian

Theonyms

Greek gods: Apōllas, Asklēpyas, Hugeiō, Panakeiō?

Mixolydian/Paleobalkan gods?

Hippocratic Oath

Vērtʰą Ečʰvakʰratʰasya (<- wṛh₁tóm)

Amunvō Apōllą samyetʰrą, tʰu Asklēpyą, tʰu Hugeiǭ, tʰu Panakeiǭ tʰu vičʰvą̄s deivą̄s tʰu deivǭs anadirčʰrą̄s verǰamuną̄s ...

Pelasgian

Inspired by Japanese and a literal reading of Mycenaean Greek

A priori with Greek loanwords pronounced just like Linear B

Old Chinese-inspired conlangs

"Chinese gone Altaic"

Inspired by Türiŋit

Ah! serkets lhüügömüd tamõŋ rembi;
Taaŋ, põltõn dzurbõŋõts khiredimsüb;
[...]
Äräitüd! Kholurtud Valimarõm!
Jõnũlõm kholurtud! Äräitüd!

"Chinese gone Elvish"

Inspired by IlL's Swuntsim

*ʔaʔ tsˁe srek Cə.lˁəʔ ɬugs t.mˁa r.meʔ -> a ci sσech dlV σucs thəba σvə

Mutations:

• Lenition from prepositions ending with a vowel: tsˁe srek -> ci σech
• Devoicing/provection from prepositions ending with a stop: Cə.lˁəʔ srek -> dlV sσech
• Nasalization from prepositions ending with a nasal: troŋ srek -> ξu nξech

Heavy compounding followed by semantic drift (so verbs can end with things that historically were noun markers etc.)

Riffs on real world languages

• Polysynthetic quasi-Mandarin with Slavic morphology
• Analytic quasi-German with Cantonese tones
• Polish/Khmer hybrid?
  • r.meʔ -> rzmia /ʐmʲa/
• Sino-Korean/Tsjoen hybrid

Hoþenese

Hôthen <- *hosken