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Proto-Tungric: Difference between revisions
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The past subjunctive endings are also added to the present stem. A connector vowel is also used, which can be predicted from the connector vowel of the past indicative. | The past subjunctive endings are also added to the present stem. A connector vowel is also used, which can be predicted from the connector vowel of the past indicative. | ||
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Weak verbs can be categorized into the following classes: | Weak verbs can be categorized into the following classes: | ||
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#*The present stem contains a ''-(i)j-'' and is conjugated in the same way as strong ''j''-presents. | #*The present stem contains a ''-(i)j-'' and is conjugated in the same way as strong ''j''-presents. | ||
#*The past indicative has the connector vowel ''-(i)ja-''.--> | #*The past indicative has the connector vowel ''-(i)ja-''.--> | ||
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<!--Like strong verbs, weak verbs include. light and heavy ''j''-presents. However, unlike strong verbs, this ending is also included in --> | |||
====='''Class 1'''===== | |||
Class 1 weak verbs have the following characteristics: | |||
*The present stem ends in ''-ō-'', which contracts with long vowels to ''-ô-''. | |||
*The connector vowel in the past (both indicative and subjunctive) and past participle is ''-ō-'', as in the present stem. | |||
====='''Class 2'''===== | |||
There are two subclasses of class 2 weak verbs. | |||
The first subclass is conjugated similarly to class 1 weak verbs, but with vowels ''-ē-'' and ''-ê-'' instead of ''-ō-'' and ''-ô-'' (except for the 1S present, which has ''-ô-''). The past participle has the connector vowel ''-a-''. | |||
The second subclass is conjugated similarly to first subclasses, with the following exception: The present sunjunctive and the 1S & 3P present indicative lose the vowel ''-ē/ê-'' and instead conjugate similarly to the corresponding forms of ''j''-present strong verbs (with its light and heavy variants). The past participle has the connector vowel ''-i-''. | |||
====='''Class 3'''===== | |||
Class 3 weak verbs conjugate similarly to ''j''-present strong verbs in all non-past forms. | |||
The past indicative has a connector vowel ''-(i)ja-'', while the past subjunctive and past participle have a connector vowel ''-i/ī-''. In both cases, the suffixes follow Siever's law. | |||
====='''Class 4'''===== | |||
Class 4 weak verbs do not have a suffix. The non-past conjugation follows that of non-''j''-stem strong verbs. | |||
The past indicative has a connector vowel ''-a-'', and the past subjunctive has a connector vowel ''-i-''. The past participle has no connector vowel. | |||
==Syntax== | ==Syntax== | ||