Yacavestu: Difference between revisions

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:[[Yacavestub/Lexicon]]
:[[Yacavestu/Lexicon]]


'''Yacavestub''' is a head-final ("Altaic") agglutinative language spoken in Eastern Talma and Northern Etalocin, and is an official language of Quelocin (''!werotunub'' in Yacavestub, from the !Zoom name ''tkwe'') alongside [[Clofabosin]]. It's inspired aesthetically by drug names (cf. [[Clofabosin]]), Zulu, Welsh, and Estonian. It has clicks from [[!Zoom]]. It is an isolate, though some believe it is related to [[Idavic]].
'''Yacavestu''' (''Yacɐvestu'') is a language of Yaca Island in Tricin. It's inspired by Clofabosin, Khmer and Portuguese.
 
''Yal eŋcuvil g!ifam herazu vestamad.'' = ''Methavir nalaminyl mekerylide ester axoram.''
 
==Todo==
* reduplication
*''-mad'' (e.g. ''ololirmad'')
*''-vab''
*''-mob''
*''-al''
*''-am''
*''-xab''
*''-mob''
*''-zob''?
*''-ub''
*''-ode''
*''rotunu'' = 'world'
*''elir'' = 'one'
 
Panzux should be Yaca


==Phonology==
==Phonology==
===Consonants===
m n ŋ p t ʈ k b d g f s h v z l ɬ r r(voiceless) j {{angbr|''m n ŋ p t th c b d g f s h v z l hl r hr y''}}


clicks: @ g@ ! g! | g| || g||
The consonants of Yacavestu are ''p t ch c b d gh g m n nh l lh r f v s z y''.


(/ks/ is written {{angbr|''x''}}.)
The vowels are ''a e i o u ɐ'', with only ''ɐ i u'' allowed in unstressed syllables. In addition there are diphthongs and nasal vowels (written with a tilde).


Word final l may be retroflexed to /ɭ/ or even lenited to /ɻ/. The lateral fricative /ɬ/ may be a palatal lateral fricative or even a palatal central fricative /ç/ depending on dialect. In those dialects the lateral click is also realized as a palatal click.
==Grammar==


/d/ is often retroflex.
===Vowels===
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center;"
|+ '''{{PAGENAME}} vowels'''
|-
!  style="width: 60px; "|
!  style="width: 60px; " |Front
!  style="width: 60px; " |Central
!  style="width: 60px; " |Back
|-
! style="" |Close
| '''i, y''' /i/
|
| '''u''' /u/
|-
! style="" |Mid
| '''e''' /e/
|
| '''o''' /o/
|-
! style="" |Open
|
| '''a''' /a/
|
|}
==Morphology==
===Nouns===
===Nouns===
====Case suffixes====
Yacavestu has a two way grammatical gender system like Clofabosin: animate/inanimate.
*''-b'': (definite)
*''-vab'': definite accusative suffix
*''-am'': genitive
*''-zod'': at, in
*''-ax'': to
*''-vil'': from


Suffixaufnahme
* ''bantoch'' (lamp) - inanimate
 
* ''masil'' (food) - inanimate
====Definiteness and possession====
* ''calh'' (man) - animate
Nouns take a suffix for definiteness. Possessive suffixes are added directly to the noun for inalienable possession, and to the classifier for alienable possession.
* ''mulhɐ'' (nose) - animate
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg " style=" text-align: center;"
|-
!colspan="3" |''vestu'' - 'language'
|-
!style="width: 100px;"|Number→<br/>State↓
!style="width: 100px;"|Singular
!style="width: 100px;"|Plural
|-
!|Indefinite
|''vestu''||''vestəl''
|-
!|Definite
|''vestub''||''vestələb''
|-
!|1sg possessor
|''vestel''||''vestəlel''
|-
!|2sg possessor
|''vestud''||''vestəlud''
|-
!|3sg possessor
|''vestun''||''vestəlun''
|-
!|1pl possessor
|''vestelax''||''vestəlelax''
|-
!|2pl possessor
|''vestudax''||''vestəludax''
|-
!|3pl possessor
|''vestunax''||''vestəlunax''
|}


===Verbs===
===Verbs===
Yacavestu verbs come in two tenses: past and nonpast, as well as several auxiliary suffixes. The bare nonpast is both a present habitual and a future tense, e.g. ''axurão'' (speaks).


Unlike in Clofabosin, Yacavestub verbs come in many different conjugations.
Yacavestu is relatively unusual in that the verb stem alone is a tenseless negative form: ''axur'' (doesn't speak). Old Yacavestu used to have a consistent system of personal suffixes for verbs but in modern times, the 3rd person singular inanimate form became the default form for all persons and numbers.
 
The subjunctive comes from a historical *hu.
 
Active verbs: -zad, subjunctive -zalu
 
Stative verbs: -rub, subjunctive -rugu
 
Verbs of motion: -thol, subjunctive -tholu
 
question particle: -bi, as in ''tritholubi?'' (is he coming?)
 


[[Category:{{PAGENAME}}]][[Category:Languages]][[Category:Tricin]]
There is no infinitive in Yacavestu (it uses subjunctives instead).

Latest revision as of 07:22, 22 March 2023

Yacavestu/Lexicon

Yacavestu (Yacɐvestu) is a language of Yaca Island in Tricin. It's inspired by Clofabosin, Khmer and Portuguese.

Phonology

The consonants of Yacavestu are p t ch c b d gh g m n nh l lh r f v s z y.

The vowels are a e i o u ɐ, with only ɐ i u allowed in unstressed syllables. In addition there are diphthongs and nasal vowels (written with a tilde).

Grammar

Nouns

Yacavestu has a two way grammatical gender system like Clofabosin: animate/inanimate.

  • bantoch (lamp) - inanimate
  • masil (food) - inanimate
  • calh (man) - animate
  • mulhɐ (nose) - animate

Verbs

Yacavestu verbs come in two tenses: past and nonpast, as well as several auxiliary suffixes. The bare nonpast is both a present habitual and a future tense, e.g. axurão (speaks).

Yacavestu is relatively unusual in that the verb stem alone is a tenseless negative form: axur (doesn't speak). Old Yacavestu used to have a consistent system of personal suffixes for verbs but in modern times, the 3rd person singular inanimate form became the default form for all persons and numbers.

There is no infinitive in Yacavestu (it uses subjunctives instead).

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