Hivantish/Proto-Hivantic

Phonology

e o -> i u

zero grade vowel -> a

eh1 oh1 eh2 oh2 eh3 oh3 -> ee uu aa oo aa oo

ey oy ew ow iH uH -> ii ui iu uu ii uu

syllabic nasal + H -> å

rh1 rh2 rh3 -> år, lh1 lh2 lh3 -> ål

p/b bh t/d dh k' g' g'h k/g gh -> p v t ð s c z k g

pH tH kH -> f þ h

s -> h; ruki'd s -> r

Nasal Spirant Rule

in+fricative -> ee+fricative, an+fricative -> å+fricative

Modern Hivantish

Vowel length turns into vowel quality (but not the same vowels as in Icelandic)

å oo uu -> ó ú y

a aa ee i ii u -> a á é i y u

ai ui iu ia ua -> æ ö ie é ó

PIE sm sn sl sr sw sy -> hm hn hl hr hw hj /m n ɬ ʂ ʍ j/

PIE sp st sk' sk -> sp st s sk

Numbers: ænur/æna/æn, twæ/twá, tryr, kitór, pinkir, hwyr, hipta, usta, nöwa, tisa

æmpirtisa, twápirtisa, trypirtisa, kitórpirtisa, ..., twátisa

30: trytisa

40: kiturtisa

50: pinkitisa

60: hwystisa

70: hiptantisa

80: ustátisa

90: nöwantisa

100: sant