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#As shown in the case of *''namǭ'', the expected *''-an-'' in endings was reduced to *''-n-'' in some nouns. In some other nouns, it was instead replaced with *''-in-''. <!--Generally, neuter nouns ending in *''-mô'' follow the former pattern, while other neuter nouns follow the latter pattern.-->
#As shown in the case of *''namǭ'', the expected *''-an-'' in endings was reduced to *''-n-'' in some nouns. In some other nouns, it was instead replaced with *''-in-''. <!--Generally, neuter nouns ending in *''-mô'' follow the former pattern, while other neuter nouns follow the latter pattern.-->
#''*ardijǭ'' is an example of a heavy ''j''-suffixed ''an''-stem, where expected **''-ijan/ijin-'' was contracted to *''-īn-''. Similarly, in light ''j''-suffixed ''an''-stems, expected **''-jan/jin-'' was contracted to *''-in-''.
#''*ardijǭ'' is an example of a heavy ''j''-suffixed ''an''-stem, where expected **''-ijan/ijin-'' was contracted to *''-īn-''. Similarly, in light ''j''-suffixed ''an''-stems, expected **''-jan/jin-'' was contracted to *''-in-''.
#Some ''an''-stems had an irregular nominative singular ending (or, in the case of neuter nouns, nominative-vocative-accusative singular ending).<!--
#Some ''an''-stems had an irregular nominative singular ending (or, in the case of neuter nouns, nominative-vocative-accusative singular ending). An example of this is neuter ''r/n''-stems, which had a nominative-vocative-accusative in *''-ar''.<!--
#''an''-stems whose nominative singular ended in *''-ijǭ'' or ''-jǭ'' had *''-īn-'' and *''-in-'' respectively instead of expected **''-ijan-'' or **''-jan-''.-->
#''an''-stems whose nominative singular ended in *''-ijǭ'' or ''-jǭ'' had *''-īn-'' and *''-in-'' respectively instead of expected **''-ijan-'' or **''-jan-''.-->


====''ōn''-stems====
====''ōn''-stems====
Masculine or feminine.
Masculine or feminine (usually feminine).
{| class=wikitable style=text-align:center
{| class=wikitable style=text-align:center
! !! colspan="2"| *fihtijǭ ''f.'' "the act of combing"
! !! colspan="2"| *fihtijǭ ''f.'' "the act of combing"
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| *fihtij'''ōni'''
| *fihtij'''ōni'''
| *fihtij'''ōmbaz'''
| *fihtij'''ōmbaz'''
|-
|}
====''īn''-stems====
Feminine.
{| class=wikitable style=text-align:center
! !! colspan="2"| *sirį̄ ''f.'' "sequence, week"
|-
! Nominative
| rowspan="2"| *sir'''į̄'''
| rowspan="2"| *sir'''īniz'''
|-
! Vocative
|-
! Accusative
| *sir'''īnį'''
| *sir'''īninz'''
|-
! Genitive
| *sir'''īniz'''
| *sir'''īnǭ'''
|-
! Dative
| *sir'''īnī'''
| *sir'''īmbiz'''
|-
! Instrumental
| *sir'''īni'''
| *sir'''īmbaz'''
|-
|-
|}
|}
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<!-- etc. etc. -->
<!-- etc. etc. -->
==Vocabulary==
==Vocabulary==
===Time - '' ''===
===Time - ''*þimfaz''===
{| class=wikitable style="text-align:center"
{| class=wikitable style="text-align:center"
|+ Seasons - '' ''
|+ Seasons - ''*jōras þimfizō''
! English !! Proto-Tungric  
! English !! Proto-Tungric  
|-
|-
| spring || <!--*usar/wesar (*wezn/uzn-) OR *wezrą-->
| spring || *wesar (*wesn-; ''n.'', ''r/n''-stem)
|-
|-
| summer || *aisōþs (''f.'', cons.-stem)
| summer || *aisōþs (''f.'', cons.-stem)
|-
|-
| fall ||  
| fall || *missiz (''f.'', ''i''-stem)
|-
|-
| winter || *gijamz (*giam-; ''f.'', cons.-stem)
| winter || *gē₂mz (*gē₂m-; ''f.'', cons.-stem)
|-
|-
|}
|}
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-->
-->
{| class=wikitable style="text-align:center"
{| class=wikitable style="text-align:center"
|+ Parts of the day - '' ''
|+ Parts of the day - ''*tē₂wiz farþēz''
! English !! Proto-Tungric  
! English !! Proto-Tungric  
|-  
|-  
| day || *tijauz (''m.'', ''u''-stem<sup><small>1</small></sup>)
| day || *teuz (''m.'', ''u''-stem<sup><small>1</small></sup>)
|-
|-
| dawn || *ausōz (''f.'', ''z''-stem)
| dawn || *ausōz (''f.'', ''z''-stem)
|-
|-
| morning ||  
| morning || *mōdūraz (''m.'', ''a''-stem)
|-
|-
<!--
| noon ||  
| noon ||  
|-
|-
| afternoon ||  
| afternoon ||  
|-
|-
-->
| evening || *wesperaz (''m.'', ''a''-stem)
| evening || *wesperaz (''m.'', ''a''-stem)
|-
|-
<!--
| dusk ||  
| dusk ||  
|-
|-
-->
| night || *nahts (''f.'', cons.-stem)
| night || *nahts (''f.'', cons.-stem)
|-
|-
<!--
| midnight ||  
| midnight ||  
-->
|}
|}
'''Notes:'''
'''Notes:'''


<sup><small>1</small></sup> Declined as a ''u''-stem (i.e. ''*tija-uz''). Expected **''-aa-'' was simplified to *''-a-'' (e.g. nominative plural was ''*tijawiz'' rather than ''*tijaawiz'').
<sup><small>1</small></sup> Expected **''-ea-'' was coalesced to *''-ē₂-'' (e.g. nominative plural was ''*tē₂wiz'' rather than ''*teawiz'').


{| class=wikitable style="text-align:center"
{| class=wikitable style="text-align:center"
|+ Units of time - '' ''
|+ Units of time - ''*þimfiziz mēþēz''
! English !! Proto-Tungric  
! English !! Proto-Tungric  
|-  
|-  
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|-
|-
| minute ||  
| minute ||  
-->
|-
|-
| hour ||  
| hour ||  
|-
|-
| day ||  
| day || *teuz (''m.'', ''u''-stem, irregular)
|-
|-
| week ||  
| week || *sirį̄ (''f.'', ''īn''-stem)
|-
|-
-->
| month || *mēns (*mēns-, ''m.'', cons.-stem)
| month ||  
|-
|-
| season ||  
| season || *þimfaz (''n.'', ''z''-stem)
|-
|-
| year || *aþnaz (''m.'', ''a''-stem); *jōraz (''m.'', ''a''-stem)
| year || *aþnaz (''m.'', ''a''-stem); *jōraz (''m.'', ''a''-stem)
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{| class=wikitable style="text-align:center"
{| class=wikitable style="text-align:center"
|+ Time adverbs - '' ''
|+ Time adverbs - ''*þimfiziz werdō''
! English !! Proto-Tungric  
! English !! Proto-Tungric  
|-
|-
| now || *nu, *nū
| now || *nu, *nū
|-
|-
| then ||  
| then || *þan
|-
|-
| recently, a short time ago ||  
| recently, a short time ago ||  
|-
|-
| earlier ||  
| earlier || *anþ
|-
|-
| soon, shortly ||  
| soon, shortly || *mahs
|-
|-
| later ||  
| later ||  
|-
|-
| always ||  
| always || *simfer
|-
|-
| often ||  
| often || *saif
|-
|-
| sometimes ||  
| sometimes ||  
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| rarely ||  
| rarely ||  
|-
|-
| never ||  
| never || *ne aiwą
|-
|-
| ever ||  
| ever || *aiwą
|-
|-
| still, yet ||  
| still, yet || *int
|-
|-
| already ||  
| already || *anþ
<!--
|-
|-
| today ||  
| today ||  
|-
|-
| tonight ||  
| tonight ||  
-->
|-
|-
| yesterday ||  
| yesterday || *gizi; *gester-
<!--
|-
|-
| last night ||  
| last night ||  
-->
|-
|-
| tomorrow ||  
| tomorrow || *hrōz
|-
|-
<!--
| before yesterday ||  
| before yesterday ||  
|-
|-
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| next week ||  
| next week ||  
|-
|-
-->
|}
|}


===Colours - '' ''===
===Colours - ''*helaziz''===
{| class=wikitable style="text-align:center"
{| class=wikitable style="text-align:center"
|+ Colours - '' ''
|+ Colours - ''*helaziz''
! English !! Proto-Tungric  
! English !! Proto-Tungric  
|-
|-
| white || *albaz
| white || *albaz
|-
|-
| grey || *kasnaz
| grey || *hasnaz
|-
|-
| black || *ōþraz
| black || *ōþraz
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|-
|-
-->
-->
| brown || *patjaz
| brown || *patjaz, *duswaz
|-
|-
| yellow || *gelwaz, *blāwaz
| yellow || *gelwaz, *blāwaz
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| green || *wīsidaz
| green || *wīsidaz
|-
|-
| blue || *duswaz
| blue || *hilizijaz
|-
|-
<!--
<!--
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