Suwáá/Unknown: Difference between revisions

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{{Infobox language
|creator = [[User:IlL|IlL]]
|name = Sošoví
|nativename = lesán sošovija
|region = Balkan Peninsula
|speakers = 393,000
|date = 2013
|familycolor=Afro-Asiatic
|fam1=[[w:Afro-Asiatic languages|Afro-Asiatic]]
|fam2=[[w:Semitic languages|Semitic]]
|fam3=North Semitic
|script=[[w:Latin script|Latin]]
}}


Assumptions:
*Final short vowels are weakened at around the same time as Proto-Slavic reduces final short vowels to jers.
*Palatalization does *not* follow Slavic, except in affixes and function words
==Diachronics==
{| class="wikitable"
! Proto-North Semitic
! Proto-Sošoví
|-
| i
| ь
|-
| u
| ъ
|-
| a
| o
|-
| ī
| i
|-
| ū
| <s>y</s> u
|-
| aj > ē
| ě
|-
| aw
| u
|-
| ā
| a
|-
| an
| ǫ
|-
| in
| ę, ь
|-
| un
| ǫ, ъ
|}
Havlík's law: strong {{recon|ъ}} > {{recon|o}}, strong {{recon|ь}} > {{recon|e}}, weak jers don't do anything
Cja > Cě
==Nouns==
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 400px; text-align: center;"
! colspan="5" | Masculine noun: ''moloč'' 'king'
|-
! style="width: 100px;" | Case !! style="width: 100px;" | Singular !! style="width: 100px;" | Dual !! style="width: 100px;" | Plural
|-
! nom./voc.
| ''moloč'' || ''molč'''a''''' || ''molč'''u'''''
|-
! genitive
| ''molč'''o''''' || ''molč'''ě''''' || ''molč'''i'''''
|-
! dative
| ''molč'''lu''''' || ''molč'''ěluma'''''  || ''molč'''ilúm'''''
|-
! accusative
| ''molč'''o''''' || ''molč'''a''''' || ''molč'''u'''''
|-
! ins./loc.
| ''molč'''bi''''' || ''molč'''ěbima''''' || ''molč'''ibím'''''
|}
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 400px; text-align: center;"
! colspan="5" | Masculine noun: ''júm'' 'day'
|-
! style="width: 100px;" | Case !! style="width: 100px;" | Singular !! style="width: 100px;" | Dual !! style="width: 100px;" | Plural
|-
! nom./voc.
| ''júm'' || ''júm'''a''''' || ''júm'''u'''''
|-
! genitive
| ''júm'''o''''' || ''júm'''ě''''' || ''júm'''i'''''
|-
! dative
| ''júm'''lu''''' || ''júm'''ěluma'''''  || ''júm'''ilúm'''''
|-
! accusative
| ''júm'' || ''júm'''a''''' || ''júm'''u'''''
|-
! ins./loc.
| ''júm'''bi''''' || ''júm'''ěbima''''' || ''júm'''ibím'''''
|}
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 400px; text-align: center;"
! colspan="5" | Feminine noun: ''molča'' 'queen'
|-
! style="width: 100px;" | Case !! style="width: 100px;" | Singular !! style="width: 100px;" | Dual !! style="width: 100px;" | Plural
|-
! nom./voc.
| ''molč'''a''''' || ''molč'''ota''''' || ''molč'''áć'''''
|-
! genitive
| ''molč'''oto''''' || ''molč'''oćě''''' || ''molč'''aći'''''
|-
! dative
| ''molč'''ótla''''' || ''molč'''ótluma'''''  || ''molč'''átlěn'''''
|-
! accusative
| ''molč'''oto''''' || ''molč'''ota''''' || ''molč'''áć'''''
|-
! ins./loc.
| ''molč'''ótbě''''' || ''molč'''ótbima''''' || ''molč'''átbín'''''
|}
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 400px; text-align: center;"
! colspan="5" | Feminine noun: ''sura'' 'performance; ritual'
|-
! style="width: 100px;" | Case !! style="width: 100px;" | Singular !! style="width: 100px;" | Dual !! style="width: 100px;" | Plural
|-
! nom./voc.
| ''sur'''a''''' || ''sur'''ota''''' || ''sur'''áć'''''
|-
! genitive
| ''sur'''oto''''' || ''sur'''oćě''''' || ''sur'''aći'''''
|-
! dative
| ''sur'''ótla''''' || ''sur'''ótluma'''''  || ''sur'''átlěn'''''
|-
! accusative
| ''sur'''a''''' || ''sur'''ota''''' || ''sur'''áć'''''
|-
! ins./loc.
| ''sur'''ótbě''''' || ''sur'''ótbima''''' || ''sur'''átbín'''''
|}
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 400px; text-align: center;"
! colspan="5" | Feminine noun: ''lesán'' 'tongue'
|-
! style="width: 100px;" | Case !! style="width: 100px;" | Singular !! style="width: 100px;" | Dual !! style="width: 100px;" | Plural
|-
! nom./voc.
| ''lesán'' || ''lesán'''a''''' || ''lesán'''áć'''''
|-
! genitive
| ''lesán'''o''''' || ''lesán'''ě''''' || ''lesán'''aći'''''
|-
! dative
| ''lesán'''la''''' || ''lesán'''ěluma'''''  || ''lesán'''átlěn'''''
|-
! accusative
| ''lesán'' || ''lesán'''a''''' || ''lesán'''áć'''''
|-
! ins./loc.
| ''lesán'''bě''''' || ''lesán'''ěbima''''' || ''lesán'''átbín'''''
|}
==Adjectives==
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg collapsible " style="text-align: center;"
! colspan="7" | Adjective declension: ''tab'' 'good'
|-
! rowspan="2" style="width: 100px;" |
! colspan="2" | Singular !! colspan="2" | Dual !! colspan="2" | Plural
|-
! style="width: 100px;" | <small>masculine</small> !! style="width: 100px;" | <small>feminine</small> !! style="width: 100px;" | <small>masculine</small> !! style="width: 100px;" | <small>feminine</small> !! style="width: 100px;" | <small>masculine</small> !! style="width: 100px;" | <small>feminine</small>
|-
! Nom./Voc.
| ''tab'' || ''taba'' || ''taba'' || ''tabota'' || ''tabu'' || ''tabáć''
|-
! Genitive
| ''tabo'' || ''taboto'' || ''tabě'' || ''taboćě'' || ''tabi'' || ''tabaći''
|-
! Dative
| ''tablu'' || ''tabotla'' || ''taběluma'' || ''tabótluma'' || ''tabilúm'' || ''tabátlěn''
|-
! Ins./Loc.
| ''tabbi'' || ''tabotbě'' || ''taběbima'' || ''tabótbima'' || ''tabibím'' || ''tabátbín''
|}
==Pronouns==
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg collapsible " style="text-align: center;"
! colspan="10" | Personal pronouns
|-
! rowspan="2" style="width: 100px;" | Case !! colspan="3" | First person
|-
! style="width: 100px;" | Singular !! style="width: 100px;" | Dual !! style="width: 100px;" | Plural
|-
! Nominative
|''na''|| ''nama'' || ''nan''
|-
! Genitive
|''meni''|| ''mennama, menma'' || ''menna''
|-
! Dative
|''li''|| ''lonama, loma'' || ''lona''
|-
! Accusative
|''nani'', ''ni''|| ''nánma'' || ''nánna''
|-
! Ins./Loc.
|''bi''|| ''bema'' || ''bna''
|}
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg collapsible " style="text-align: center;"
! colspan="11" | Personal pronouns, cont.
|-
! rowspan="3" style="width: 100px;" | Case !! colspan="5" | Second person !! colspan="5" | Third person
|-
! colspan="2" | Singular !! rowspan="2" style="width: 100px;" | Dual !! colspan="2" | Plural !! colspan="2" | Singular !! rowspan="2" style="width: 100px;" | Dual !! colspan="2" | Plural
|-
! style="width: 100px;" | <small>masculine</small> !! style="width: 100px;" | <small>feminine</small> !! style="width: 100px;" | <small>masculine</small> !! style="width: 100px;" | <small>feminine</small> !! style="width: 100px;" | <small>masculine</small> !! style="width: 100px;" | <small>feminine</small> !! style="width: 100px;" | <small>masculine</small> !! style="width: 100px;" | <small>feminine</small>
|-
! Nominative
|''ǫto''|| ''ǫć'' || ''ǫtma'' || ''ǫtmu'' || ''ǫtna'' || ''hú'' || ''hí'' || ''homa'' || ''homu'' || ''hen''
|-
! Genitive
|''męk''|| ''męč''  || ''mękma'' || ''mękmu'' || ''męčna'' || ''men'' || ''mená'' || ''menema'' || ''menemu'' || ''menen''
|-
! Dative
|''lók''|| ''lóč'' || ''lókma'' || ''lókmu'' || ''lóčna'' ||''lu''||''lá''||''luma''||''lumu''||''lěn''
|-
! Accusative
|''ǫtók'', ''tók''||''ǫćeč'', ''ćeč''|| ''ǫtókma'', ''tókma'' || ''ǫtókmu'', ''tókmu'' ||''ǫćečna'', ''ćečna''||''henu''||''hená''||''henoma''||''henomu''||''henen''
|-
! Ins./Loc.
|''bek''||''beč''||''bekma''||''bekmu''||''bečna''||''bí''||''bě''||''bíma''||''bímu''||''bín''
|}
==Verbs==
The lemma form of verbs is the aorist 3rd person masculine.
===Binyan A: ''kotol''===
====Regular (strong) paradigm====
=====Active=====
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 400px; text-align: center;"
! colspan="4" | ''kotol'' 'he killed'
|-
! colspan="4" | Infinitive/Verbal noun
|-
| colspan="4" | ''kotlíć''
|-
! colspan="4" | Present
|-
! style="width: 100px;" | !! style="width: 100px;" | Singular !! style="width: 100px;" | Dual !! style="width: 100px;" | Plural
|-
! 1
| ''oktol'' || ''nektla'' || ''nektol''
|-
! 2.m
| ''toktol''
|rowspan="2"| ''ćektla'' || ''ćektlu''
|-
! 2.f
| ''toktli'' || ''ćektolon''
|-
! 3.m
| ''joktol''
|rowspan="2"| ''jektla'' || ''jektlu''
|-
! 3.f
| ''joktli'' || ''jektolon''
|-
! colspan="4" | Imperfect
|-
! style="width: 100px;" | !! style="width: 100px;" | Singular !! style="width: 100px;" | Dual !! style="width: 100px;" | Plural
|-
!| 1
| ''póktol'' || ''ponektla'' || ''ponektol''
|-
! 2.m
| ''potoktol''
|rowspan="2"| ''poćektla'' || ''poćektlu''
|-
! 2.f
| ''potoktli'' || ''poćektolon''
|-
! 3.m
| ''pojoktol''
|rowspan="2"| ''pojektla'' || ''pojektlu''
|-
! 3.f
| ''pojoktli'' || ''pojektolon''
|-
! colspan="4" | Aorist
|-
! style="width: 100px;" | !! style="width: 100px;" | Singular !! style="width: 100px;" | Dual !! style="width: 100px;" | Plural
|-
! 1
| ''kotlok'' || ''kotolma'' || ''kotolna''
|-
! 2.m
| ''kotlot''
|rowspan="2"| ''kotoltma'' || ''kotoltmu''
|-
! 2.f
| ''kotleć'' || ''kotoltna''
|-
! 3.m
| ''kotol'' || ''kotla'' || ''kotlu''
|-
! 3.f
| ''kotla'' || ''kotolta || ''kotlon''
|-
! colspan="4" | Future I
|-
! style="width: 100px;" | !! style="width: 100px;" | Singular !! style="width: 100px;" | Dual !! style="width: 100px;" | Plural
|-
! 1
| ''rši oktol'' || ''rši nektla'' || ''rši nektol''
|-
! 2.m
| ''rši toktol''
|rowspan="2"| ''rši ćektla'' || ''rši ćektlu''
|-
! 2.f
| ''rši toktli'' || ''rši ćektolon''
|-
! 3.m
| ''rši joktol''
|rowspan="2"| ''rši jektla'' || ''rši jektlu''
|-
! 3.f
| ''rši joktli'' || ''rši jektolon''
|-
! colspan="4" | Future II
|-
! style="width: 100px;" | !! style="width: 100px;" | Singular !! style="width: 100px;" | Dual !! style="width: 100px;" | Plural
|-
! 1
| ''očún katel''|| ''nečuna katla'' || ''nečún katlu''
|-
! 1.f
| ''očún katla'' || ''nečuna katlota'' || ''nečún katláć''
|-
! 2.m
| ''točún katel'' || ''ćečuna katla'' || ''ćečunu katlu''
|-
! 2.f
| ''točuni katla''|| ''ćečuna katlota'' || ''ćečunon katláć''
|-
! 3.m
| ''jočún katel'' || ''ječuna katla'' || ''ječunu katlu''
|-
! 3.f
| ''jočuni katla''|| ''ječuna katlota'' ||  ''ječunon katláć''
|-
! colspan="4" | Perfect
|-
! style="width: 100px;" | !! style="width: 100px;" | Singular !! style="width: 100px;" | Dual !! style="width: 100px;" | Plural
|-
! 1.m
| ''na katel'' || ''nama katla'' || ''nan katlu''
|-
! 1.f
| ''na katla'' || ''nama katlota'' || ''nan katláć''
|-
! 2.m
| ''ǫto katel'' || ''ǫtma katla'' || ''ǫtmu katlu''
|-
! 2.f
| ''ǫć katla'' || ''ǫtma katlota'' || ''ǫtna katláć''
|-
! 3.m
| ''(hú) katel'' || ''(homa) katla'' || ''(homu) katlu''
|-
! 3.f
| ''(hí) katla'' || ''(homa) katlota'' || ''(hen) katláć''
|-
! colspan="4" | Pluperfect
|-
! style="width: 100px;" | !! style="width: 100px;" | Singular !! style="width: 100px;" | Dual !! style="width: 100px;" | Plural
|-
! 1.m
| ''čǫk katel'' || ''čanma katla'' || ''čanna katlu''
|-
! 1.f
| ''čǫk katla'' || ''čanma katlota'' || ''čanna katláć''
|-
! 2.m
| ''čǫt katel'' || ''čǫtma katla'' || ''čǫtmu katlu''
|-
! 2.f
| ''čǫć katla'' || ''čǫtma katlota'' || ''čŴtna katláć''
|-
! 3.m
| ''čán katel'' || ''čana katla'' || ''čanu katlu''
|-
! 3.f
| ''čána katla'' || ''čanota katlota'' || ''čanon katláć''
|}
[[Category:Semitic languages]]

Latest revision as of 14:03, 2 May 2023

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