Eadlan/Older draft/Netagic: Difference between revisions
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PId final *-a, *-i, *-u > PNtg *-æ/a, *-ɨ/ə, *-ɨ/ə -> Pre-Netagin *-ē, *-ë, *-ë > Old Netagin -i, -a, -a | PId final *-a, *-i, *-u > PNtg *-æ/a, *-ɨ/ə, *-ɨ/ə -> Pre-Netagin *-ē, *-ë, *-ë > Old Netagin -i, -a, -a | ||
==Phonology== | ==Phonology== | ||
*Consonants: b d λ ǯ ʒ́ g p t ξ č ć k | *Consonants: b d λ ǯ ʒ́ g p t ξ č ć k s σ š ś m n ŋ l r w j | ||
*Vowels: i/ɪ | *Vowels: i ị e ẹ a ạ ə ə̣ o ọ u ụ /i ɪ e ɛ æ ɑ ɨ ɤ~ʌ o ɔ u ʊ/ (i a u ī ā ū -> e a u i o ɨ; modal/stød -> ATR/RTR like glottalization > uvularization in arabic) | ||
**PNtg: ɪ ɛ æ a ɔ ʊ > ONtg iə eə eə a oə uə | **PNtg: ɪ ɛ æ a ɔ ʊ > ONtg iə eə eə a oə uə | ||
*ATR/RTR harmony | *ATR/RTR harmony; ATR i e a ə o u vs RTR ị ẹ ạ ə̣ ọ ụ | ||
*Initial stress modulo prefixes | *Initial stress modulo prefixes | ||
q forces RTR harmony in roots and merges with k | |||
==Morphology== | ==Morphology== | ||
Netagic lost the Proto-Idavic antisegolate CCVC ablaut grade. | |||
===Pronouns=== | ===Pronouns=== | ||
===Nouns=== | ===Nouns=== | ||
Netagic retains cases and the dual, but the abstract gender merges into the inanimate gender. | Netagic retains cases and the dual, but the abstract gender merges into the inanimate gender. | ||
====Cases==== | ====Cases==== | ||
Netagic merged the four Proto-Idavic cases to three: | |||
*nominative | *nominative | ||
*accusative | *accusative | ||
Line 23: | Line 26: | ||
ATR animates: | ATR animates: | ||
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style=" text-align: center;" | {| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style=" text-align: center;" | ||
|+ '' | |+ ''šulla'' 'horse' | ||
|- | |- | ||
! style="width: 90px;" | | ! style="width: 90px;" | | ||
Line 31: | Line 34: | ||
|- | |- | ||
!| Nominative | !| Nominative | ||
| '' | | ''šulla'' || ''šullandə'' || ''šullon'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
!| Accusative | !| Accusative | ||
| '' | | ''šullaj'' || ''šullandə'' || ''šullis'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
!| Genitive | !| Genitive | ||
| '' | | ''šullat'' || ''šullandəmak'' || ''šullok'' | ||
|} | |} | ||
ATR inanimates: | ATR inanimates: | ||
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style=" text-align: center;" | {| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style=" text-align: center;" | ||
|+ '' | |+ ''šarmə'' 'stone' | ||
|- | |- | ||
! style="width: 90px;" | | ! style="width: 90px;" | | ||
Line 50: | Line 53: | ||
|- | |- | ||
!| Nominative | !| Nominative | ||
| '' | | ''šarmə'' || ''šarməndə'' || ''šarmot'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
!| Accusative | !| Accusative | ||
| '' | | ''šarmən'' || ''šarməndə'' || ''šarmis'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
!| Genitive | !| Genitive | ||
| '' | | ''šarmət'' || ''šarməndəmak'' || ''šarmok'' | ||
|} | |} | ||
Line 62: | Line 65: | ||
RTR animates: | RTR animates: | ||
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style=" text-align: center;" | {| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style=" text-align: center;" | ||
|+ '' | |+ ''rə̣sạ'' 'dog' | ||
|- | |- | ||
! style="width: 90px;" | | ! style="width: 90px;" | | ||
Line 70: | Line 73: | ||
|- | |- | ||
!| Nominative | !| Nominative | ||
| '' | | ''rə̣sạ'' || ''rə̣sạndə̣'' || ''rə̣sọn'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
!| Accusative | !| Accusative | ||
| '' | | ''rə̣sạj'' || ''rə̣sạndə̣'' || ''rə̣sịs'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
!| Genitive | !| Genitive | ||
| '' | | ''rə̣sạt'' || ''rə̣sạndə̣mạk'' || ''rə̣sọk'' | ||
|} | |} | ||
RTR inanimates: | RTR inanimates: | ||
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style=" text-align: center;" | {| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style=" text-align: center;" | ||
|+ '' | |+ ''ẹpŋə̣'' 'tree' | ||
|- | |- | ||
! style="width: 90px;" | | ! style="width: 90px;" | | ||
Line 89: | Line 92: | ||
|- | |- | ||
!| Nominative | !| Nominative | ||
| '' | | ''ẹpŋə̣'' || ''ẹpŋə̣ndə̣'' || ''ẹpŋọt'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
!| Accusative | !| Accusative | ||
| '' | | ''ẹpŋə̣n'' || ''ẹpŋə̣ndə̣'' || ''ẹpŋịs'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
!| Genitive | !| Genitive | ||
| '' | | ''ẹpŋə̣t'' || ''ẹpŋə̣ndə̣mạk'' || ''ẹpŋọk'' | ||
|} | |} | ||
{{col-end}} | {{col-end}} | ||
Line 111: | Line 114: | ||
===Verbs=== | ===Verbs=== | ||
====Paradigms==== | ====Paradigms==== | ||
Each verb has three principal parts: the imperative, the present tense stem, and the past tense stem. | |||
TODO: use impersonal instead of passive | |||
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center;" | {| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center;" | ||
|+ Conjugation of '' | |+ Conjugation of ''akə'' 'give' | ||
|- | |||
! infinitive | |||
|colspan=10| ''aktə'' | |||
|- | |||
! action noun | |||
|colspan=10| ''akipə'' | |||
|- | |||
! active participle | |||
|colspan=10| ''akəška'' | |||
|- | |||
! passive participle | |||
|colspan=10| ''ukča'' | |||
|- | |||
! Tense | ! Tense | ||
! 1st sg. | ! 1st sg. | ||
Line 123: | Line 142: | ||
! 2nd pl. | ! 2nd pl. | ||
! 3rd pl. | ! 3rd pl. | ||
! impersonal | |||
|- | |- | ||
! imperative | ! imperative | ||
| ''-'' | | ''-'' | ||
| '' | | ''akə'' | ||
| ''-'' | | ''-'' | ||
| '' | | ''akabi'' | ||
| '' | | ''akənabi'' | ||
| ''-'' | |||
| ''akəka'' | |||
| ''akəna'' | |||
| ''-'' | | ''-'' | ||
| ''-'' | | ''-'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
! present | ! present | ||
| '' | | ''akəlli'' | ||
| '' | | ''akəddi'' | ||
| '' | | ''akək'' | ||
| '' | | ''akəkkabi'' | ||
| '' | | ''akənnabi'' | ||
| '' | | ''akəbi'' | ||
| '' | | ''akəkka'' | ||
| '' | | ''akənna'' | ||
| '' | | ''akəšum'' | ||
| ''akiłok'' | |||
|- | |- | ||
! recent past | ! recent past | ||
Line 150: | Line 172: | ||
| ''ukidi'' | | ''ukidi'' | ||
| ''ukis'' | | ''ukis'' | ||
| '' | | ''ukikabi'' | ||
| '' | | ''ukinabi'' | ||
| ''ukibi'' | | ''ukibi'' | ||
| '' | | ''ukika'' | ||
| '' | | ''ukina'' | ||
| '' | | ''ukim'' | ||
| ''ukiłas'' | |||
|- | |||
! remote past | |||
| ''ukčali'' | |||
| ''ukčadi'' | |||
| ''ukčas'' | |||
| ''ukčakabi'' | |||
| ''ukčanabi'' | |||
| ''ukčabi'' | |||
| ''ukčaka'' | |||
| ''ukčana'' | |||
| ''ukčam'' | |||
| ''ukiłča'' | |||
|- | |||
! future-irrealis | |||
| ''aktiłoli'' | |||
| ''aktiłodi'' | |||
| ''aktiłok'' | |||
| ''aktiłokabi'' | |||
| ''aktiłonabi'' | |||
| ''aktiłobi'' | |||
| ''aktiłoka'' | |||
| ''aktiłona'' | |||
| ''aktiłošum'' | |||
| ''aktiba'' | |||
|} | |||
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center;" | |||
|+ Conjugation of ''kẹdbə̣'' 'believe' | |||
|- | |||
! infinitive | |||
|colspan=10| ''kẹdbị'' | |||
|- | |||
! action noun | |||
|colspan=10| ''kẹdbịpə̣'' | |||
|- | |||
! active participle | |||
|colspan=10| ''kẹdbə̣škạ'' | |||
|- | |||
! passive participle | |||
|colspan=10| ''kẹdbịčạ'' | |||
|- | |||
! Tense | |||
! 1st sg. | |||
! 2nd sg. | |||
! 3rd sg. | |||
! 1st du. | |||
! 2nd du. | |||
! 3rd du. | |||
! 1st pl. | |||
! 2nd pl. | |||
! 3rd pl. | |||
! impersonal | |||
|- | |||
! imperative | |||
| ''-'' | |||
| ''kẹdbə̣'' | |||
| ''-'' | |||
| ''kẹdbạbị'' | |||
| ''kẹdbə̣nạbị'' | |||
| ''-'' | |||
| ''kẹdbə̣kạ'' | |||
| ''kẹdbə̣nạ'' | |||
| ''-'' | |||
| ''-'' | |||
|- | |||
! present | |||
| ''kẹdbə̣llị'' | |||
| ''kẹdbə̣ddị'' | |||
| ''kẹdbə̣k'' | |||
| ''kẹdbə̣kkạbị'' | |||
| ''kẹdbə̣nnạbị'' | |||
| ''kẹdbə̣bị'' | |||
| ''kẹdbə̣kkạ'' | |||
| ''kẹdbə̣nnạ'' | |||
| ''kẹdbə̣šụm'' | |||
| ''kẹdbịłọk'' | |||
|- | |||
! recent past | |||
| ''kẹdbịlị'' | |||
| ''kẹdbịdị'' | |||
| ''kẹdbịs'' | |||
| ''kẹdbịkạbị'' | |||
| ''kẹdbịnạbị'' | |||
| ''kẹdbịbị'' | |||
| ''kẹdbịkạ'' | |||
| ''kẹdbịnạ'' | |||
| ''kẹdbịm'' | |||
| ''kẹdbịłạs'' | |||
|- | |- | ||
! remote past | ! remote past | ||
| '' | | ''kẹdbịčạlị'' | ||
| '' | | ''kẹdbịčạdị'' | ||
| '' | | ''kẹdbịčạs'' | ||
| '' | | ''kẹdbịčạkạbị'' | ||
| '' | | ''kẹdbịčạnạbị'' | ||
| '' | | ''kẹdbịčạbị'' | ||
| '' | | ''kẹdbịčạkạ'' | ||
| '' | | ''kẹdbịčạkạbị'' | ||
| '' | | ''kẹdbịčạm'' | ||
| ''kẹdbịłčạ'' | |||
|- | |- | ||
! future-irrealis | ! future-irrealis | ||
| '' | | ''kẹdbịłọlị'' | ||
| '' | | ''kẹdbịłọdị'' | ||
| '' | | ''kẹdbịłọk'' | ||
| '' | | ''kẹdbịłọkạbị'' | ||
| '' | | ''kẹdbịłọnạbị'' | ||
| '' | | ''kẹdbịłọbị'' | ||
| '' | | ''kẹdbịłọkạ'' | ||
| '' | | ''kẹdbịłọnạ'' | ||
| '' | | ''kẹdbịłọšụm'' | ||
| ''kẹdbịbạ'' | |||
|} | |} | ||
Latest revision as of 06:21, 9 May 2023
The Netagic languages are a subbranch of the Idavic family that includes Netagin. They are inspired by Uralic.
PId final *-a, *-i, *-u > PNtg *-æ/a, *-ɨ/ə, *-ɨ/ə -> Pre-Netagin *-ē, *-ë, *-ë > Old Netagin -i, -a, -a
Phonology
- Consonants: b d λ ǯ ʒ́ g p t ξ č ć k s σ š ś m n ŋ l r w j
- Vowels: i ị e ẹ a ạ ə ə̣ o ọ u ụ /i ɪ e ɛ æ ɑ ɨ ɤ~ʌ o ɔ u ʊ/ (i a u ī ā ū -> e a u i o ɨ; modal/stød -> ATR/RTR like glottalization > uvularization in arabic)
- PNtg: ɪ ɛ æ a ɔ ʊ > ONtg iə eə eə a oə uə
- ATR/RTR harmony; ATR i e a ə o u vs RTR ị ẹ ạ ə̣ ọ ụ
- Initial stress modulo prefixes
q forces RTR harmony in roots and merges with k
Morphology
Netagic lost the Proto-Idavic antisegolate CCVC ablaut grade.
Pronouns
Nouns
Netagic retains cases and the dual, but the abstract gender merges into the inanimate gender.
Cases
Netagic merged the four Proto-Idavic cases to three:
- nominative
- accusative
- genitive
ATR animates:
ATR inanimates:
|
RTR animates:
RTR inanimates:
|
Pronominal suffixes
Adjectives
Paradigms
Weak paradigm: (animate/inanimate; sg, du, pl)
- nom: ŋidæ/ŋidɨ, ŋidændæ/ŋidɨndæ, ŋidonɨ/ŋido
- gen: ŋide/ŋidæk, (nom du)=gid ŋidi/ŋidok
Strong paradigm (rare):
Verbs
Paradigms
Each verb has three principal parts: the imperative, the present tense stem, and the past tense stem.
TODO: use impersonal instead of passive
infinitive | aktə | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
action noun | akipə | |||||||||
active participle | akəška | |||||||||
passive participle | ukča | |||||||||
Tense | 1st sg. | 2nd sg. | 3rd sg. | 1st du. | 2nd du. | 3rd du. | 1st pl. | 2nd pl. | 3rd pl. | impersonal |
imperative | - | akə | - | akabi | akənabi | - | akəka | akəna | - | - |
present | akəlli | akəddi | akək | akəkkabi | akənnabi | akəbi | akəkka | akənna | akəšum | akiłok |
recent past | ukili | ukidi | ukis | ukikabi | ukinabi | ukibi | ukika | ukina | ukim | ukiłas |
remote past | ukčali | ukčadi | ukčas | ukčakabi | ukčanabi | ukčabi | ukčaka | ukčana | ukčam | ukiłča |
future-irrealis | aktiłoli | aktiłodi | aktiłok | aktiłokabi | aktiłonabi | aktiłobi | aktiłoka | aktiłona | aktiłošum | aktiba |
infinitive | kẹdbị | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
action noun | kẹdbịpə̣ | |||||||||
active participle | kẹdbə̣škạ | |||||||||
passive participle | kẹdbịčạ | |||||||||
Tense | 1st sg. | 2nd sg. | 3rd sg. | 1st du. | 2nd du. | 3rd du. | 1st pl. | 2nd pl. | 3rd pl. | impersonal |
imperative | - | kẹdbə̣ | - | kẹdbạbị | kẹdbə̣nạbị | - | kẹdbə̣kạ | kẹdbə̣nạ | - | - |
present | kẹdbə̣llị | kẹdbə̣ddị | kẹdbə̣k | kẹdbə̣kkạbị | kẹdbə̣nnạbị | kẹdbə̣bị | kẹdbə̣kkạ | kẹdbə̣nnạ | kẹdbə̣šụm | kẹdbịłọk |
recent past | kẹdbịlị | kẹdbịdị | kẹdbịs | kẹdbịkạbị | kẹdbịnạbị | kẹdbịbị | kẹdbịkạ | kẹdbịnạ | kẹdbịm | kẹdbịłạs |
remote past | kẹdbịčạlị | kẹdbịčạdị | kẹdbịčạs | kẹdbịčạkạbị | kẹdbịčạnạbị | kẹdbịčạbị | kẹdbịčạkạ | kẹdbịčạkạbị | kẹdbịčạm | kẹdbịłčạ |
future-irrealis | kẹdbịłọlị | kẹdbịłọdị | kẹdbịłọk | kẹdbịłọkạbị | kẹdbịłọnạbị | kẹdbịłọbị | kẹdbịłọkạ | kẹdbịłọnạ | kẹdbịłọšụm | kẹdbịbạ |
Prepositions
Derivation
Syntax
SOV with prepositions