Eadlan/Older draft/Netagic: Difference between revisions

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PId final *-a, *-i, *-u > PNtg *-æ/a, *-ɨ/ə, *-ɨ/ə -> Pre-Netagin *-ē, *-ë, *-ë > Old Netagin -i, -a, -a
PId final *-a, *-i, *-u > PNtg *-æ/a, *-ɨ/ə, *-ɨ/ə -> Pre-Netagin *-ē, *-ë, *-ë > Old Netagin -i, -a, -a
==Phonology==
==Phonology==
*Consonants: b d λ ǯ ʒ́ g p t ξ č ć k q s σ š ś m n ŋ l r w j
*Consonants: b d λ ǯ ʒ́ g p t ξ č ć k s σ š ś m n ŋ l r w j
*Vowels: i ị e ẹ a ạ ə ə o ọ u ụ /i ɪ e ɛ æ a ɨ ə o ɔ u ʊ/ (i a u ī ā ū -> e a o i o u; modal/stød -> ATR/RTR like glottalization > uvularization in arabic)
*Vowels: i ị e ẹ a ạ ə ə̣ o ọ u ụ /i ɪ e ɛ æ ɑ ɨ ɤ~ʌ o ɔ u ʊ/ (i a u ī ā ū -> e a u i o ɨ; modal/stød -> ATR/RTR like glottalization > uvularization in arabic)
**PNtg: ɪ ɛ æ a ɔ ʊ > ONtg iə eə eə a oə uə
**PNtg: ɪ ɛ æ a ɔ ʊ > ONtg iə eə eə a oə uə
*ATR/RTR harmony; i e a ə o u vs ị ẹ ạ ə ọ ụ
*ATR/RTR harmony; ATR i e a ə o u vs RTR ị ẹ ạ ə̣ ọ ụ
*Initial stress modulo prefixes
*Initial stress modulo prefixes
q forces RTR harmony in roots and merges with k


==Morphology==
==Morphology==
Netagic lost the Proto-Idavic antisegolate CCVC ablaut grade.
===Pronouns===
===Pronouns===
===Nouns===
===Nouns===
Netagic retains cases and the dual, but the abstract gender merges into the inanimate gender.
Netagic retains cases and the dual, but the abstract gender merges into the inanimate gender.
====Cases====
====Cases====
The dative merged with the accusative with inanimate nouns.
Netagic merged the four Proto-Idavic cases to three:
*nominative
*nominative
*accusative
*accusative
Line 62: Line 65:
RTR animates:
RTR animates:
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style=" text-align: center;"
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style=" text-align: center;"
|+ ''rụsạ'' 'dog'
|+ ''rə̣sạ'' 'dog'
|-
|-
! style="width: 90px;" |  
! style="width: 90px;" |  
Line 70: Line 73:
|-
|-
!| Nominative
!| Nominative
| ''rụsạ'' || ''rụsạndə'' || ''rụsọn''  
| ''rə̣sạ'' || ''rə̣sạndə̣'' || ''rə̣sọn''  
|-
|-
!| Accusative
!| Accusative
| ''rụsạj'' || ''rụsạndə'' || ''rụsịs''  
| ''rə̣sạj'' || ''rə̣sạndə̣'' || ''rə̣sịs''  
|-
|-
!| Genitive
!| Genitive
| ''rụsạt'' || ''rụsạndəmạk'' || ''rụsọk''
| ''rə̣sạt'' || ''rə̣sạndə̣mạk'' || ''rə̣sọk''
|}
|}


RTR inanimates:
RTR inanimates:
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style=" text-align: center;"
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style=" text-align: center;"
|+ ''ẹpŋə'' 'tree'
|+ ''ẹpŋə̣'' 'tree'
|-
|-
! style="width: 90px;" |  
! style="width: 90px;" |  
Line 89: Line 92:
|-
|-
!| Nominative
!| Nominative
| ''ẹpŋə'' || ''ẹpŋəndə'' || ''ẹpŋọt''  
| ''ẹpŋə̣'' || ''ẹpŋə̣ndə̣'' || ''ẹpŋọt''  
|-
|-
!| Accusative
!| Accusative
| ''ẹpŋən'' || ''ẹpŋəndə'' || ''ẹpŋịs''  
| ''ẹpŋə̣n'' || ''ẹpŋə̣ndə̣'' || ''ẹpŋịs''  
|-
|-
!| Genitive
!| Genitive
| ''ẹpŋət'' || ''ẹpŋəndəmạk'' || ''ẹpŋọk''
| ''ẹpŋə̣t'' || ''ẹpŋə̣ndə̣mạk'' || ''ẹpŋọk''
|}
|}
{{col-end}}
{{col-end}}
Line 204: Line 207:


{| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center;"
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center;"
|+ Conjugation of ''qẹdbə'' 'believe'
|+ Conjugation of ''kẹdbə̣'' 'believe'
|-
|-
! infinitive
! infinitive
|colspan=10| ''qẹdbị''
|colspan=10| ''kẹdbị''
|-
|-
! action noun
! action noun
|colspan=10| ''qẹdbịpə''
|colspan=10| ''kẹdbịpə̣''
|-
|-
! active participle
! active participle
|colspan=10| ''qẹdbəškạ''
|colspan=10| ''kẹdbə̣škạ''
|-
|-
! passive participle
! passive participle
|colspan=10| ''qẹdbịčạ''
|colspan=10| ''kẹdbịčạ''
|-
|-
! Tense
! Tense
Line 232: Line 235:
! imperative
! imperative
| ''-''
| ''-''
| ''qẹdbə''
| ''kẹdbə̣''
| ''-''
| ''-''
| ''qẹdbạbị''
| ''kẹdbạbị''
| ''qẹdbənạbị''
| ''kẹdbə̣nạbị''
| ''-''
| ''-''
| ''qẹdbəkạ''
| ''kẹdbə̣kạ''
| ''qẹdbənạ''
| ''kẹdbə̣nạ''
| ''-''
| ''-''
| ''-''
| ''-''
|-
|-
! present
! present
| ''qẹdbəllị''
| ''kẹdbə̣llị''
| ''qẹdbəddị''
| ''kẹdbə̣ddị''
| ''qẹdbək''
| ''kẹdbə̣k''
| ''qẹdbəkkạbị''
| ''kẹdbə̣kkạbị''
| ''qẹdbənnạbị''
| ''kẹdbə̣nnạbị''
| ''qẹdbəbị''
| ''kẹdbə̣bị''
| ''qẹdbəkkạ''
| ''kẹdbə̣kkạ''
| ''qẹdbənnạ''
| ''kẹdbə̣nnạ''
| ''qẹdbəšụm''
| ''kẹdbə̣šụm''
| ''qẹdbịłọk''
| ''kẹdbịłọk''
|-
|-
! recent past
! recent past
| ''qẹdbịlị''
| ''kẹdbịlị''
| ''qẹdbịdị''
| ''kẹdbịdị''
| ''qẹdbịs''
| ''kẹdbịs''
| ''qẹdbịkạbị''
| ''kẹdbịkạbị''
| ''qẹdbịnạbị''
| ''kẹdbịnạbị''
| ''qẹdbịbị''
| ''kẹdbịbị''
| ''qẹdbịkạ''
| ''kẹdbịkạ''
| ''qẹdbịnạ''
| ''kẹdbịnạ''
| ''qẹdbịm''
| ''kẹdbịm''
| ''qẹdbịłạs''
| ''kẹdbịłạs''
|-
|-
! remote past
! remote past
| ''qẹdbịčạlị''
| ''kẹdbịčạlị''
| ''qẹdbịčạdị''
| ''kẹdbịčạdị''
| ''qẹdbịčạs''
| ''kẹdbịčạs''
| ''qẹdbịčạkạbị''
| ''kẹdbịčạkạbị''
| ''qẹdbịčạnạbị''
| ''kẹdbịčạnạbị''
| ''qẹdbịčạbị''
| ''kẹdbịčạbị''
| ''qẹdbịčạkạ''
| ''kẹdbịčạkạ''
| ''qẹdbịčạkạbị''
| ''kẹdbịčạkạbị''
| ''qẹdbịčạm''
| ''kẹdbịčạm''
| ''qẹdbịłčạ''
| ''kẹdbịłčạ''
|-
|-
! future-irrealis
! future-irrealis
| ''qẹdbịłọlị''
| ''kẹdbịłọlị''
| ''qẹdbịłọdị''
| ''kẹdbịłọdị''
| ''qẹdbịłọk''
| ''kẹdbịłọk''
| ''qẹdbịłọkạbị''
| ''kẹdbịłọkạbị''
| ''qẹdbịłọnạbị''
| ''kẹdbịłọnạbị''
| ''qẹdbịłọbị''
| ''kẹdbịłọbị''
| ''qẹdbịłọkạ''
| ''kẹdbịłọkạ''
| ''qẹdbịłọnạ''
| ''kẹdbịłọnạ''
| ''qẹdbịłọšụm''
| ''kẹdbịłọšụm''
| ''qẹdbịbạ''
| ''kẹdbịbạ''
|}
|}


Latest revision as of 06:21, 9 May 2023

The Netagic languages are a subbranch of the Idavic family that includes Netagin. They are inspired by Uralic.

PId final *-a, *-i, *-u > PNtg *-æ/a, *-ɨ/ə, *-ɨ/ə -> Pre-Netagin *-ē, *-ë, *-ë > Old Netagin -i, -a, -a

Phonology

  • Consonants: b d λ ǯ ʒ́ g p t ξ č ć k s σ š ś m n ŋ l r w j
  • Vowels: i ị e ẹ a ạ ə ə̣ o ọ u ụ /i ɪ e ɛ æ ɑ ɨ ɤ~ʌ o ɔ u ʊ/ (i a u ī ā ū -> e a u i o ɨ; modal/stød -> ATR/RTR like glottalization > uvularization in arabic)
    • PNtg: ɪ ɛ æ a ɔ ʊ > ONtg iə eə eə a oə uə
  • ATR/RTR harmony; ATR i e a ə o u vs RTR ị ẹ ạ ə̣ ọ ụ
  • Initial stress modulo prefixes

q forces RTR harmony in roots and merges with k

Morphology

Netagic lost the Proto-Idavic antisegolate CCVC ablaut grade.

Pronouns

Nouns

Netagic retains cases and the dual, but the abstract gender merges into the inanimate gender.

Cases

Netagic merged the four Proto-Idavic cases to three:

  • nominative
  • accusative
  • genitive

ATR animates:

šulla 'horse'
Singular Dual Plural
Nominative šulla šullandə šullon
Accusative šullaj šullandə šullis
Genitive šullat šullandəmak šullok

ATR inanimates:

šarmə 'stone'
Singular Dual Plural
Nominative šarmə šarməndə šarmot
Accusative šarmən šarməndə šarmis
Genitive šarmət šarməndəmak šarmok

RTR animates:

rə̣sạ 'dog'
Singular Dual Plural
Nominative rə̣sạ rə̣sạndə̣ rə̣sọn
Accusative rə̣sạj rə̣sạndə̣ rə̣sịs
Genitive rə̣sạt rə̣sạndə̣mạk rə̣sọk

RTR inanimates:

ẹpŋə̣ 'tree'
Singular Dual Plural
Nominative ẹpŋə̣ ẹpŋə̣ndə̣ ẹpŋọt
Accusative ẹpŋə̣n ẹpŋə̣ndə̣ ẹpŋịs
Genitive ẹpŋə̣t ẹpŋə̣ndə̣mạk ẹpŋọk


Pronominal suffixes

Adjectives

Paradigms

Weak paradigm: (animate/inanimate; sg, du, pl)

  • nom: ŋidæ/ŋidɨ, ŋidændæ/ŋidɨndæ, ŋidonɨ/ŋido
  • gen: ŋide/ŋidæk, (nom du)=gid ŋidi/ŋidok

Strong paradigm (rare):

Verbs

Paradigms

Each verb has three principal parts: the imperative, the present tense stem, and the past tense stem.

TODO: use impersonal instead of passive

Conjugation of akə 'give'
infinitive aktə
action noun akipə
active participle akəška
passive participle ukča
Tense 1st sg. 2nd sg. 3rd sg. 1st du. 2nd du. 3rd du. 1st pl. 2nd pl. 3rd pl. impersonal
imperative - akə - akabi akənabi - akəka akəna - -
present akəlli akəddi akək akəkkabi akənnabi akəbi akəkka akənna akəšum akiłok
recent past ukili ukidi ukis ukikabi ukinabi ukibi ukika ukina ukim ukiłas
remote past ukčali ukčadi ukčas ukčakabi ukčanabi ukčabi ukčaka ukčana ukčam ukiłča
future-irrealis aktiłoli aktiłodi aktiłok aktiłokabi aktiłonabi aktiłobi aktiłoka aktiłona aktiłošum aktiba


Conjugation of kẹdbə̣ 'believe'
infinitive kẹdbị
action noun kẹdbịpə̣
active participle kẹdbə̣škạ
passive participle kẹdbịčạ
Tense 1st sg. 2nd sg. 3rd sg. 1st du. 2nd du. 3rd du. 1st pl. 2nd pl. 3rd pl. impersonal
imperative - kẹdbə̣ - kẹdbạbị kẹdbə̣nạbị - kẹdbə̣kạ kẹdbə̣nạ - -
present kẹdbə̣llị kẹdbə̣ddị kẹdbə̣k kẹdbə̣kkạbị kẹdbə̣nnạbị kẹdbə̣bị kẹdbə̣kkạ kẹdbə̣nnạ kẹdbə̣šụm kẹdbịłọk
recent past kẹdbịlị kẹdbịdị kẹdbịs kẹdbịkạbị kẹdbịnạbị kẹdbịbị kẹdbịkạ kẹdbịnạ kẹdbịm kẹdbịłạs
remote past kẹdbịčạlị kẹdbịčạdị kẹdbịčạs kẹdbịčạkạbị kẹdbịčạnạbị kẹdbịčạbị kẹdbịčạkạ kẹdbịčạkạbị kẹdbịčạm kẹdbịłčạ
future-irrealis kẹdbịłọlị kẹdbịłọdị kẹdbịłọk kẹdbịłọkạbị kẹdbịłọnạbị kẹdbịłọbị kẹdbịłọkạ kẹdbịłọnạ kẹdbịłọšụm kẹdbịbạ

Prepositions

Derivation

Syntax

SOV with prepositions

Lexicon

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