Tags: Mobile edit Mobile web edit |
|
| (11 intermediate revisions by 2 users not shown) |
| Line 1: |
Line 1: |
| ==Phonology==
| |
| Grimm's law
| |
|
| |
|
| Also Verner's law?
| |
|
| |
| get hon. sg. (nouns) -er ~ hon. sg. (verbs) -s, s- with Verner
| |
|
| |
| ==Morphology==
| |
| ===The auxiliary===
| |
| Should be as far from cartesian product as possible. Justify with analytic constructions; relex Welsh
| |
| *direct imperfect: ''vor'' ← *bō ʕar = mae e'n, ''mar'' ← *bō mad ʕar = dydy e ddim yn
| |
| *direct perfect: ''lōkh'' ← *li ʔōkʷ = mi naeth e, ''vizha'' ← *bō hašgā = mae e heb
| |
| *direct irrealis: ''zhar't'' ← *jar kʷãtʼ = lit. stands before
| |
| {| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center;"
| |
| |+ '''Proto-Shalaian TAM markers'''
| |
| !rowspan="2"|
| |
| !colspan="2"| imperfect
| |
| !colspan="2"| perfect
| |
| !colspan="2"| irrealis
| |
| |-
| |
| ! <small>pos.</small></small> || <small>neg.</small> || <small>pos.</small> || <small>neg.</small> || <small>pos.</small> || <small>neg.</small>
| |
| |-
| |
| ! direct (verbal)
| |
| | ''bō ʕar''
| |
| | ''bō mad ʕar''
| |
| | ''li ʔōkʷ''
| |
| | ''bō ašgā''
| |
| | ''jar kʷãt''
| |
| | ''bãy''
| |
| |-
| |
| ! question
| |
| | ''ʔam''
| |
| | ''ʔam yankʷid''
| |
| | ''ʔōkʷ''
| |
| | ''ʔōkʷ rāk''
| |
| | ''ʔam nayd''
| |
| | ''ʔam tuhar nayd''
| |
| |-
| |
| ! relativizer (direct)
| |
| | ''bī''
| |
| | ''dō bī''
| |
| | ''bī ʔōkʷ''
| |
| | ''dō bī ʔōkʷ rāk''
| |
| | ''bī kʷãt''
| |
| | ''dō bī kʷãt''
| |
| |-
| |
| ! relativizer (indirect)
| |
| | ''čʼã''
| |
| | ''dō čʼã''
| |
| | ''čʼã ʔōkʷ''
| |
| | ''dō čʼã ʔōkʷ rāk''
| |
| | ''čʼã jar kʷãt''
| |
| | ''dō čʼã jar kʷãt''
| |
| |-
| |
| ! complementizer
| |
| | ''ʔit''
| |
| | ''dō rāk ʔikʷ''
| |
| | ''ʔit hin''
| |
| | ''dō rāk hin''
| |
| | ''napā''
| |
| | ''dō jar rā ʔikʷ''
| |
| |-
| |
| ! if (real)
| |
| | ''čīr''
| |
| | ''čīr rāk ʔikʷ''
| |
| | ''čīr hin''
| |
| | ''čīr rāk hin''
| |
| | ''(ʔam) kʷid ʔit''
| |
| | ''yankʷid rā ʔikʷ''
| |
| |-
| |
| ! if (irreal or less vivid)
| |
| | ''rū ʕar ʔit''
| |
| | ''rū ʕar rāk ʔikʷ''
| |
| | ''rū ʕar bō hin ʔit''
| |
| | ''rū ʕar rāk hin''
| |
| | ''rū ʕar kʷid rā ʔit''
| |
| | ''rū ʕar yankʷid rā ʔikʷ''
| |
| |}
| |
| ==Syntax==
| |
| Proto-Shalaian syntax was AuxVOS:
| |
| *Stative verbs (eventually all intransitives): Aux_i prep VN-w_i S_i (abs/erg in Shal.)
| |
| *Dynamic verbs (eventually transitives): Aux_i prep s_j-VN-w_i O_j S_i (abs/erg in Shal.)
| |
| *Infinitive clauses: prep VN.INF-w_i S_i O ... (nom/acc in Shal.)
| |
|
| |
| :[[Shalaic|Proto-Shalaic]]
| |