Kyravar Maři: Difference between revisions
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''' | '''Kyravar Mazhi''' is a Dravidian language spoken in [[Lõis]]'s Balkans. For a while it evolved in a sprachbund with eastern dialects of Glommish. | ||
<!-- | <!-- | ||
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--> | --> | ||
==History== | |||
Kyravar Maři is a descendant of Old Tamil which emerged from a Chola era settlement in the Balkans. | |||
==Phonology== | ==Phonology== | ||
===Orthography=== | ===Orthography=== | ||
===Consonants=== | ===Consonants=== | ||
consonants: | |||
*p t ʈ k = p t ť k | |||
*m n ɳ ŋ = m n ň ng | |||
*f θ s ʂ~ʐ x = v þ s zh h | |||
*j r l ɭ w = j r l ľ ł | |||
Kyravar Maři consonants come in broad/slender pairs unlike Tamil. The slender counterparts of /k ŋ x/ are /c ɲ ç/; retroflexes do not palatalize. | |||
{|class="greentable lightgreenbg" style="text-align:center" | |||
|- | |||
|+'''Kyravar Maři consonant phonemes''' | |||
!rowspan="2" colspan="2"| | |||
!colspan="2" | Labial | |||
!colspan="2" | Dental | |||
!colspan="2" |Alveolar | |||
!rowspan="2" | Retroflex | |||
!rowspan="2" | Palatal | |||
!rowspan="2" | Velar | |||
|- | |||
! <small>plain</small> | |||
! <small>pal.</small> | |||
! <small>plain</small> | |||
! <small>pal.</small> | |||
! <small>plain</small> | |||
! <small>pal.</small> | |||
|- | |||
!colspan="2"| Nasal | |||
| {{IPA|m}} || {{IPA|mʲ}} | |||
| {{IPA|n̪}} || | |||
| || {{IPA|nʲ}} | |||
| {{IPA|ɳ}} | |||
| {{IPA|ɲ}} | |||
| {{IPA|ŋ}} | |||
|- | |||
!colspan="2" | Stop | |||
| {{IPA|p}} || {{IPA|pʲ}} | |||
| {{IPA|t̪}} || | |||
| || {{IPA|tɕ}} | |||
| {{IPA|ʈ}} | |||
| {{IPA|c}} | |||
| {{IPA|k}} | |||
|- | |||
!colspan="2"|Fricative | |||
| {{IPA|f~v}} || {{IPA|fʲ~vʲ}} | |||
| {{IPA|θ}} || {{IPA|θʲ}} | |||
| {{IPA|s}} || {{IPA|ɕ}} | |||
| {{IPA|ʂ~ʐ}} | |||
| {{IPA|ç}} | |||
| {{IPA|x}} | |||
|- | |||
!colspan=2| Trill | |||
| || | |||
| || | |||
| {{IPA|r}} ||{{IPA|rʲ}} | |||
| || | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
!colspan=2| Approximant | |||
| {{IPA|w}} || | |||
| || | |||
| || {{IPA|l}} | |||
| {{IPA|ɭ}} | |||
| {{IPA|j}} || | |||
|} | |||
====Eclipsis==== | |||
{{PAGENAME}} has eclipsis, where initial ''p, t, ť, k'' becomes ''m-p, n-t, ň-ť, ng-k''. For words beginning with a vowel, ''n-'' is added. | |||
===Vowels=== | ===Vowels=== | ||
{{PAGENAME}} has two short and three long vowels. | |||
*i, y, e, a = ʲɨ, ɨ, ʲa, a | |||
*aa = á | |||
*ʲaa = já | |||
*ii = ý | |||
*ʲii = í | |||
*uu = ú | |||
*ʲuu = jú | |||
===Prosody=== | ===Prosody=== | ||
====Stress==== | ====Stress==== | ||
| Line 48: | Line 127: | ||
<!-- Explain the consonant clusters and vowel clusters that are permissible for use in the language. For example, "st" is an allowed consonant cluster in English while onset "ng" isn't. --> | <!-- Explain the consonant clusters and vowel clusters that are permissible for use in the language. For example, "st" is an allowed consonant cluster in English while onset "ng" isn't. --> | ||
===Morphophonology=== | ===Morphophonology=== | ||
==Morphology== | ==Morphology== | ||
===Nouns=== | |||
The plural suffix can be ''-kaľ'' or ''-ngaľ''. | |||
* ''maram'' 'tree', ''marángaľ'' 'trees' | |||
* ''mannar'' 'king', ''mannarkaľ'' 'kings' | |||
* ''vazhi'' 'path', ''vazhikaľ'' 'paths' | |||
* ''illam'' 'house', ''illángaľ'' 'houses' | |||
* ''yňmý'', ''právta'' 'truth'; ''yňmýkaľ'', ''právtakaľ'' 'truths' | |||
* ''úplaka'' 'cloud', ''úplakakaľ'' 'clouds' | |||
- | To form the genitive case, the final consonant is slenderized, and then the following (possessed) noun undergoes eclipsis if the possessor is singular: ''mannarı n-illam'' 'the king's house'. | ||
===Articles=== | |||
The definite article in Kyravar Maři is ''i / in''. | |||
==Syntax== | ==Syntax== | ||
===Constituent order=== | ===Constituent order=== | ||
Kyravar Maři is VSO. | |||
===Noun phrase=== | ===Noun phrase=== | ||
===Verb phrase=== | ===Verb phrase=== | ||
| Line 71: | Line 157: | ||
==Numbers== | ==Numbers== | ||
# | # áry | ||
# | # jáňťy | ||
# | # múry | ||
# | # njángy | ||
# | # ýny | ||
# | # ýnary | ||
# | # júřy | ||
# | # jaťťy | ||
# | # ámaty | ||
# | # patty | ||
# | # pannary | ||
# | # pannjáňťy | ||
# | # pammúry | ||
# | # pannjángy | ||
# | # pannýny | ||
# | # pannýnary | ||
# | # pannjúřy | ||
# | # pannjaťťy | ||
# | # pannámaty | ||
# | # iryvaty | ||
# | # iryvattary | ||
# | # iryvattjáňťy | ||
# | # iryvattimúry | ||
# | # iryvattinjángy | ||
# | # iryvattýny | ||
# | # iryvattýnary | ||
# | # iryvattjúřy | ||
# | # iryvattjaťťy | ||
# | # iryvattámaty | ||
The multiples of 10 from 30 to 110 are: ''muppaty'' (30), ''njáspaty'' (40), ''ýmaty'' (50), ''arvaty'' (60), ''júřvaty'' (70), ''eňpaty'' (80), ''tyľpaty'' (90), ''pámaty'' (100), ''pannarvaty'' (110). | |||
'' | |||
==Example texts== | ==Example texts== | ||
| Line 110: | Line 198: | ||
[[Category:{{PAGENAME}}]] | [[Category:{{PAGENAME}}]] | ||
[[Category: | [[Category:Dravidian languages]] | ||
[[Category:Languages]] | |||
[[Category:Lõis]] | |||
Latest revision as of 13:42, 14 May 2023
Kyravar Mazhi is a Dravidian language spoken in Lõis's Balkans. For a while it evolved in a sprachbund with eastern dialects of Glommish.
Introduction
History
Kyravar Maři is a descendant of Old Tamil which emerged from a Chola era settlement in the Balkans.
Phonology
Orthography
Consonants
consonants:
- p t ʈ k = p t ť k
- m n ɳ ŋ = m n ň ng
- f θ s ʂ~ʐ x = v þ s zh h
- j r l ɭ w = j r l ľ ł
Kyravar Maři consonants come in broad/slender pairs unlike Tamil. The slender counterparts of /k ŋ x/ are /c ɲ ç/; retroflexes do not palatalize.
| Labial | Dental | Alveolar | Retroflex | Palatal | Velar | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| plain | pal. | plain | pal. | plain | pal. | |||||
| Nasal | m | mʲ | n̪ | nʲ | ɳ | ɲ | ŋ | |||
| Stop | p | pʲ | t̪ | tɕ | ʈ | c | k | |||
| Fricative | f~v | fʲ~vʲ | θ | θʲ | s | ɕ | ʂ~ʐ | ç | x | |
| Trill | r | rʲ | ||||||||
| Approximant | w | l | ɭ | j | ||||||
Eclipsis
Kyravar Maři has eclipsis, where initial p, t, ť, k becomes m-p, n-t, ň-ť, ng-k. For words beginning with a vowel, n- is added.
Vowels
Kyravar Maři has two short and three long vowels.
- i, y, e, a = ʲɨ, ɨ, ʲa, a
- aa = á
- ʲaa = já
- ii = ý
- ʲii = í
- uu = ú
- ʲuu = jú
Prosody
Stress
Intonation
Phonotactics
Morphophonology
Morphology
Nouns
The plural suffix can be -kaľ or -ngaľ.
- maram 'tree', marángaľ 'trees'
- mannar 'king', mannarkaľ 'kings'
- vazhi 'path', vazhikaľ 'paths'
- illam 'house', illángaľ 'houses'
- yňmý, právta 'truth'; yňmýkaľ, právtakaľ 'truths'
- úplaka 'cloud', úplakakaľ 'clouds'
To form the genitive case, the final consonant is slenderized, and then the following (possessed) noun undergoes eclipsis if the possessor is singular: mannarı n-illam 'the king's house'.
Articles
The definite article in Kyravar Maři is i / in.
Syntax
Constituent order
Kyravar Maři is VSO.
Noun phrase
Verb phrase
Sentence phrase
Dependent clauses
Numbers
- áry
- jáňťy
- múry
- njángy
- ýny
- ýnary
- júřy
- jaťťy
- ámaty
- patty
- pannary
- pannjáňťy
- pammúry
- pannjángy
- pannýny
- pannýnary
- pannjúřy
- pannjaťťy
- pannámaty
- iryvaty
- iryvattary
- iryvattjáňťy
- iryvattimúry
- iryvattinjángy
- iryvattýny
- iryvattýnary
- iryvattjúřy
- iryvattjaťťy
- iryvattámaty
The multiples of 10 from 30 to 110 are: muppaty (30), njáspaty (40), ýmaty (50), arvaty (60), júřvaty (70), eňpaty (80), tyľpaty (90), pámaty (100), pannarvaty (110).