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{{Infobox language | {{Infobox language | ||
|image = Script_Clofabosin.png | |image = Script_Clofabosin.png | ||
|creator = [[User:IlL|IlL]], [[User:Praimhín|Praimhín]] | |creator = [[User:IlL|IlL]], [[User:Praimhín|Praimhín]] | ||
|setting = [[Verse:Tricin]] | |setting = [[Verse:Tricin]] | ||
|name = {{PAGENAME}} | |name = {{PAGENAME}} | ||
|nativename = ƎΠΔꙞΛỺΔᖵꝨИ<br/>clofabosin | |nativename = ƎΠΔꙞΛỺΔᖵꝨИ<br/>clofabosin | ||
|pronunciation= | |pronunciation= 'kl{{den}}ofabosin{{den}} | ||
| | |setting = [[Verse:Tricin|Tricin]] | ||
|familycolor=isolate | |familycolor=isolate | ||
| | |ancestor=[[Clofabosin/Middle|Middle Clofabosin]] | ||
|nation=Clofabolocin | |scripts=* Clofabian alphabet | ||
|nation=Clofabolocin<br />Dodellia<br />Quelocin | |||
|agency=''Ativa-luxedanasnusulfan'' (ALA) | |agency=''Ativa-luxedanasnusulfan'' (ALA) | ||
|notice=IPA | |notice=IPA | ||
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[[{{PAGENAME}}/Names|Names]]<br/> | [[{{PAGENAME}}/Names|Names]]<br/> | ||
[[{{PAGENAME}}/Periodic table|Periodic table]]<br/> | [[{{PAGENAME}}/Periodic table|Periodic table]]<br/> | ||
[[{{PAGENAME}}/Clofabosin|cefspirine clofabosib | [[{{PAGENAME}}/Clofabosin|cefspirine clofabosib conacin]] | ||
'''{{PAGENAME}}''' or '''Clofabian''' (English /kloʊˈfæbəsɪn/ ''kloh-FAB-ə-sin''; {{PAGENAME}}: ƎΠΔꙞΛỺΔᖵꞰⱵΔLꝨИ ''clo·fabo·serotin'' /klofaboˈseɾotin/ 'AUG-river-language', ''clofaboluxedan'' /klofaboˈluksedan/ or simply ƎΠΔꙞΛỺΔᖵꝨИ ''clofabosin'' /'klofabosin/ [ˈkʰlōfábōsì(n)] 'Clofabian [thing]') is a conlang inspired by drug generic names (international nonproprietary names, such as ''sertraline'' for Zoloft). It seeks to answer the question "What if drug names were a language?" | |||
Clofabosin is an agglutinative, fusional-ish language with a consistently head-final grammar. It is the most prominent language in the Clofabic dialect continuum, which also includes the closely related Asvasiran language. Clofabosin is the official language of [[Verse:Tricin/Clofabolocin|Clofabolocin]] ('Clofabian land') and [[Verse:Tricin/Dodellia|Dodellia]] (Clofabosin: ''dodellocridan'') in [[Verse:Tricin/Etalocin|Etalocin]]. | |||
==Todo== | ==Todo== | ||
[ | [https://cdn.who.int/media/docs/default-source/international-nonproprietary-names-(inn)/stembook-2018.pdf?sfvrsn=32a51b3c_6&download=true 2018 stem book] | ||
[https://cdn.who.int/media/docs/default-source/international-nonproprietary-names-(inn)/addendum-stembook2018-202210.pdf?sfvrsn=842c90_3&download=true 2022 addendum] | |||
[https://cdn.who.int/media/docs/default-source/international-nonproprietary-names-(inn)/prestem_suffixes_202210.pdf?sfvrsn=dbe56fc8_3&download=true 2022 prestems] | |||
"Rondexan brolifin lominilin relavex zelextranum exequin zepara duropaz limedropan tulanurifin zepara relavex." | |||
Goal: Duolingo course | Goal: Duolingo course | ||
* Siafl·in or Siacl·in (from Lushootseed siʔał or siʔaƛ̕) = Seattle | |||
* Dalatin, Ultarin, Flanitin, Ilarnecin, Minarin, Sarnatin, Celefavisin, Cadatin | |||
*platin, poetin | *platin, poetin | ||
*''clofabosine nibucin futivir'' or ''clofabosin nibustim futivir'' = clofabosin is easy to learn | *''clofabosine nibucin futivir'' or ''clofabosin nibustim futivir'' = clofabosin is easy to learn | ||
*classifier ''-fos'' | *classifier ''-fos'' | ||
*'' | *''-pred'': the entire... | ||
*''-flapon, -filcon'' | *''-flapon, -filcon'' | ||
*''-nefa-'' | *''-nefa-'' | ||
*''-pamil'': 'full of' | *''-pamil'': 'full of' | ||
*''-tiazem'': place names | *''-tiazem'': place names | ||
*''-(x)antrone'' (''exantrin'') | |||
*''-(x)antrone'' ('' | *more suffixes: ''-butan, -casan, -fiban, -fentanil, -etanide, -flurane, -ganan, -osuran, -tant, -zotan, -sonan, -xaban'' <- | ||
* | some of those affixes should be dialectal | ||
* | * Paliperidin (paliperidone) = a Clofabian religious text made up of poetry (palin = line, peridin = collection) | ||
==Orthography== | ==Orthography== | ||
[[File:Clofabian_script.png|thumbnail|Clofabian script|750px]] | [[File:Clofabian_script.png|thumbnail|Clofabian script|750px]] | ||
Clofabosin uses a script known as '' | Clofabosin uses a script known as ''ativasabatin'' in Clofabosin, a case-less LTR alphabet, but speakers write in a style of cursive handwriting. It was invented by the lexicographer and poet Ativan Tdap. | ||
The full letter name is used for declining, and the short form (omit the parenthesized part) is used for spelling out words. The alphabetical order is as follows: | The full letter name is used for declining, and the short form (omit the parenthesized part) is used for spelling out words. The alphabetical order is as follows: | ||
* | *X: D (''do'') | ||
* | *Ⱶ: R (''re'') | ||
* | *Ŧ: M (''mi'') | ||
* | *Ꙟ: F (''fa'') | ||
* | *ᖵ: S (''sol'') | ||
* | *Π: L (''la'') | ||
* | *L: T (''ti'') | ||
*G: '' | *Σ: G (''go'') | ||
*P | *H: CH (''che'') | ||
*N | *Ш: P (''pe'') | ||
*V: '' | *И: N (''nar'') | ||
*B | *Ⳙ: V (''vi'') | ||
*C | *Ꝟ: TH (''tha'') | ||
*Z: '' | *Ỻ: B (''ba'') | ||
*I | *Ǝ: C (''ce'') | ||
*E | *Џ: Z (''zu'') | ||
*A | *Ɥ: H (''ha'') | ||
*O | *Ꝩ: I (''i'') | ||
*U: '' | *Ʞ: E (''e'') | ||
*X | *Λ: A (''a'') | ||
*Δ: O (''o'') | |||
*Ξ: U (''u'') | |||
*ᒣ: Y (''y'') | |||
*Ɐ: X (''ces'') (a ligature of C and S) | |||
For sake of aesthetics, in the romanization only personal names are capitalized. | |||
For sake of aesthetics, in the romanization only | |||
===Alphabet Song (spidexostilin)=== | ===Alphabet Song (spidexostilin)=== | ||
<poem> | <poem> | ||
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π = 3.184809493b918...dd = ɺ:ıɴħ·ɴɔк·ħкɺ·кʋı·ɴ... | π = 3.184809493b918...dd = ɺ:ıɴħ·ɴɔк·ħкɺ·кʋı·ɴ... | ||
==Phonology== | ==Phonology== | ||
Clofabosin has a small phonemic inventory of 14 consonants and 5 vowels. | |||
=== | === Suprasegmentals === | ||
Stress is | Stress is weak and word-initial. The pitch rises from the first syllable of a word to the second syllable, as in Tamil; the overall intonation of Standard Clofabosin is Tamil-like. | ||
===Consonants=== | ===Consonants=== | ||
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class=" | {| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="wikitable" style="width: 500px; text-align:center;" | ||
|+ '''{{PAGENAME}} consonants''' | |+ '''{{PAGENAME}} consonants''' | ||
! colspan="2" | | ! colspan="2" | | ||
! |Labial | ! |Labial | ||
! |Alveolar | ! |Dental/Alveolar | ||
! |Velar | ! |Velar | ||
! |Glottal | ! |Glottal | ||
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! |<small>voiceless</small> | ! |<small>voiceless</small> | ||
| '''p''' /p/ | | '''p''' /p/ | ||
| '''t, | | '''t, th''' /t/ | ||
| '''c, k | | '''c, ch, k''' /k/ | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
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! rowspan="2" style="" |Fricative | ! rowspan="2" style="" |Fricative | ||
! |<small>voiceless</small> | ! |<small>voiceless</small> | ||
| '''f''' /f/ | | '''f, ph''' /f/ | ||
| '''s''' /s/ | | '''s''' /s/ | ||
| [x] | | [x] | ||
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|rowspan="2"|'''v''' /v~ʋ~w/ | |rowspan="2"|'''v''' /v~ʋ~w/ | ||
| '''z, (j)''' /z/ | | '''z, (j)''' /z/ | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
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;Notes | ;Notes | ||
*Syllable-initial /p, t, k/ are lightly aspirated like in Japanese. However, they are unaspirated after /s/. | *Syllable-initial /p, t, k/ are lightly aspirated like in Japanese. However, they are unaspirated after /s/. | ||
*Word-final /b, d, g/ are devoiced to [p, t, k]: ''ustekinumab'' [ustekinumap] 'welcome'. | *Word-final /b, d, g/ are devoiced to [p, t{{den}}, k]: ''ustekinumab'' [ustekinumap] 'welcome'. | ||
*/n, t, d, l/ are | */n, t, d, l/ are dental. | ||
*/ɾ/ is normally alveolar [ɾ] or retracted alveolar [ɾ̠], but may be reduced to [ɹ~ɻ] | */ɾ/ is normally alveolar [ɾ] or retracted alveolar [ɾ̠], but may be reduced to [ɹ~ɻ] when word-final. It is pronounced as [ʀ~ʁ] in some dialects. | ||
*/s, z/ are laminal alveolar in standard Clofabosin. | */s, z/ are laminal alveolar in standard Clofabosin. | ||
**/z/ has more dialectal variance: [z ~ dz ~ ʒ ~ dʒ ~ ʐ ~ ɻ ~ j ~ | **/z/ has more dialectal variance: [z ~ dz ~ ʒ ~ dʒ ~ ʐ ~ ɻ ~ j ~ ʝ ~ h]. | ||
*[ŋ] is an allophone of /n/ before velars. | *[ŋ] is an allophone of /n/ before velars. | ||
*/v/ is a labiodental fricative [v] or approximant [ʋ]. | */v/ is a labiodental fricative [v] or approximant [ʋ]. | ||
**[w] is an allophone of /v/ after velars /k, g/. It is transliterated '''qu, gu''' in this case. | **[w] is an allophone of /v/ after velars /k, g/. It is transliterated '''qu, gu''' in this case. | ||
*/k/ is lenited to [x] after /e, o, a/ | */k/ is lenited to [x] after /e, o, a, u/ and [ç] after /i/. | ||
*In colloquial speech intervocalic /b/ is often deleted or lenited to [w]: ''clofabosin'' becomes [klofaosi] or [klofawosi]. The ending ''-mab'' is also often pronounced [ma]. | *In colloquial speech intervocalic /b/ is often deleted or lenited to [w]: ''clofabosin'' becomes [klofaosi] or [klofawosi]. The ending ''-mab'' is also often pronounced [ma]. | ||
===Vowels=== | ===Vowels=== | ||
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class=" | {| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" | ||
|+ '''{{PAGENAME}} vowels''' | |+ '''{{PAGENAME}} vowels''' | ||
|- | |- | ||
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;Notes | ;Notes | ||
*Word-initial syllables traditionally also had vowel length (marked with an underdot under the vowel in dictionaries), not distinguished by most younger speakers. | *Word-initial syllables traditionally also had vowel length (marked with an underdot under the vowel in dictionaries), not distinguished by most younger speakers. | ||
*/u/ is often slightly fronted. | */u/ is often slightly fronted or compressed. However, in singing it is always fully back rounded [u]. | ||
*/i, u/ are lowered to [ɪ, ʊ] before /ɾ/. | */i, u/ are lowered to [ɪ, ʊ] before /ɾ/. | ||
*/e, o/ are mid [e̞, o̞]. | */e, o/ are mid [e̞, o̞]. | ||
*/a/ is central [ä]. | */a/ is central [ä]. | ||
===Phonotactics=== | |||
Clofabosin initial clusters are similar to Latin: | |||
*XR: pl pr bl br fl fr tr dr cl cr gl gr | |||
*sC: sp st spr (str is very rare) | |||
*Others: x (rare) | |||
Historically most instances of me- have changed to ma- or mo-. | |||
==Dialectology== | ==Dialectology== | ||
===Streptomycin accent=== | ===Streptomycin accent=== | ||
*In the colloquial Streptomycin accent /ɾC/ sequences assimilate into geminates [Cː]: ''riconercept'' [ɾikonekkept] 'goodbye'. /n, t, d/ in this position become apical [ɳ, ʈ, ɖ]. | *In the colloquial Streptomycin accent /ɾC/ sequences assimilate into geminates [Cː]: ''riconercept'' [ɾikonekkept] 'goodbye'. /n, t, d/ in this position become apical [ɳ, ʈ, ɖ]. | ||
=== | */z/ may be pronounced [j]. | ||
* | *Final /n/ is often dropped. | ||
===Dodellian accent=== | |||
===Southern Dodellian accent=== | |||
*v = [w] | |||
*f = [x] | |||
*z = [ɦ] or dropped entirely | |||
*e o = [ɛ ɔ] | |||
=== "Saigon" accent ==÷ | |||
==Morphology== | ==Morphology== | ||
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Clofabian nouns can take one of many case clitics, which are not true suffixes. Suffixes for "cases" other than the nominative and the accusative are attached to the combining form of the noun. Plurals are marked with ''-(a)zin'', ''-(a)z(o)-'' (e.g. ''amp·in'' person, ''ampazin'' 'people'; ''acti·n'' 'day', ''actizin'' 'days'); pluralization is usually reserved for animates, and are never used with numbers or quantifiers. | Clofabian nouns can take one of many case clitics, which are not true suffixes. Suffixes for "cases" other than the nominative and the accusative are attached to the combining form of the noun. Plurals are marked with ''-(a)zin'', ''-(a)z(o)-'' (e.g. ''amp·in'' person, ''ampazin'' 'people'; ''acti·n'' 'day', ''actizin'' 'days'); pluralization is usually reserved for animates, and are never used with numbers or quantifiers. | ||
====Consonant stems==== | ====Consonant stems==== | ||
{| class=" | {| class="wikitable" style="width: 220px; text-align: center;" | ||
|- | |- | ||
! colspan="3"| '''''efast·in'' - medicine''' | ! colspan="3"| '''''efast·in'' - medicine''' | ||
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====i-stems==== | ====i-stems==== | ||
{| class=" | Note: Middle Clofabosin -u-in nouns merged with Middle Clofabosin -i-in nouns. | ||
{| class="wikitable" style="width: 220px; text-align: center;" | |||
|- | |- | ||
! colspan="3"| '''''nepi·n'' - work''' | ! colspan="3"| '''''nepi·n'' - work''' | ||
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|colspan="2"|''nepi(n)-'' | |colspan="2"|''nepi(n)-'' | ||
|} | |} | ||
====u-stems==== | |||
-in, -ine, combining forms -in-(V-) and -u-(C-). Merges with i-stems in spoken Clofab.<!-- | |||
{| class="wikitable" style="width: 220px; text-align: center;" | |||
|- | |||
! colspan="3"| '''''sarin, saru-'' - calamity''' | |||
|- | |||
!scope="row"|Nominative | |||
|colspan="2"|''sarin'' | |||
|- | |||
!scope="row"|Accusative | |||
|colspan="2"|''sarine'' | |||
|- | |||
!scope="row"|Combining form | |||
|colspan="2"|''saru-, sarin-'' | |||
|} | |||
--> | |||
====e-stems==== | ====e-stems==== | ||
{| class=" | {| class="wikitable" style="width: 220px; text-align: center;" | ||
|- | |- | ||
! colspan="3"| '''''torcafen'' - poet''' | ! colspan="3"| '''''torcafen'' - poet''' | ||
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====a-stems==== | ====a-stems==== | ||
{| class=" | Nouns from Asvasiran | ||
{| class="wikitable" style="width: 220px; text-align: center;" | |||
|- | |- | ||
! colspan="3"| '''''atazan'' - story''' | ! colspan="3"| '''''atazan'' - story''' | ||
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*''-fulven'' = 'until, up to' | *''-fulven'' = 'until, up to' | ||
*''-setron'' = 'throughout' | *''-setron'' = 'throughout' | ||
*''-cidib'' = 'like | *''-cidib'' = 'like the X it is' | ||
*''es-'' = 'only an/the X' | *''es-'' = 'only an/the X' | ||
*''-pred'' = 'X and all, the likes of X' | *''-pred'' = 'X and all, the likes of X' | ||
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*''-pladone'' = into | *''-pladone'' = into | ||
*''alfa, -al'': 'X also' | *''alfa, -al'': 'X also' | ||
*''-stim'' = translative, becoming X | |||
*''-xantrone'' = near | |||
*''-fusp'' = as X as, used with the equative | |||
*''-ixafor'' = regardless of, no matter, even with | |||
===Pronouns=== | ===Pronouns=== | ||
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====Correlatives==== | ====Correlatives==== | ||
*''cef-, cesin, cerin'' = this X, this (thing), this (person) | *''cef-, cesin, cerin'' = this X, this (thing), this (person); colloquially shortened to ''cen'', which also means 'yes' | ||
*''flu-, flusin, flurin'' = that X, that (thing), that (person) | *''flu-, flusin, flurin'' = that X, that (thing), that (person); colloquially shortened to ''flin'' | ||
*''gli-, glisin, glirin'' = what X?, what? who? | *''gli-, glisin, glirin'' = what X?, what? who? colloquially shortened to ''glin'' | ||
*''cef(pa)stat, flu(pa)stat, gli(pa)stat'' = like this, like that, how | *''cef(pa)stat, flu(pa)stat, gli(pa)stat'' = like this, like that, how | ||
*''cefstavir, flustavir, glistavir'' = is like this, is like that, how is... | *''cefstavir, flustavir, glistavir'' = is like this, is like that, how is.../what is it like | ||
*''pred-, presin, prerin'' = all X, everything, everyone | *''pred-, presin, prerin'' = all X, everything, everyone | ||
*''nal-, nasin, narin'' = many | *''nal-, nasin, narin'' = many | ||
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*''-ptinib, -ctinib, -tinib, -ctinib-, -ltinib, -mtinib, -ntinib, -ptinib, -rtinib, -stinib, -tinib'' | *''-ptinib, -ctinib, -tinib, -ctinib-, -ltinib, -mtinib, -ntinib, -ptinib, -rtinib, -stinib, -tinib'' | ||
*''-ptu-, -ctu-, -tu, -ctu-, -ltu-, -mtu-, -ntu-, -ptu-, -rtu-, -stu-, -tu-'' | *''-ptu-, -ctu-, -tu, -ctu-, -ltu-, -mtu-, -ntu-, -ptu-, -rtu-, -stu-, -tu-'' | ||
{| class=" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
|- | |- | ||
! !! Indicative !! Subjunctive !! "If" !! "Only if" !! "When" !! "While" !! Conjunctive !! Adverbial !! Resultative !! Optative !! "Because" / Quotative | ! !! Indicative !! Subjunctive !! "If" !! "Only if" !! "When" !! "While" !! Conjunctive !! Adverbial !! Resultative !! Optative !! "Because" / Quotative | ||
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|- | |- | ||
! Timeless | ! Timeless | ||
| ''-tinib'' || ''-vetmab'' || ''-tisartan'', ''-tartan'' || ''-termin'' ||''-trodast'' || ''-tadine'', ''-tidine'' [-tidin] | | ''-tinib'' || ''-vetmab'' [vemab] or [veɾmab] || ''-tisartan'', ''-tartan'' || ''-termin'' ||''-trodast'' || ''-tadine'', ''-tidine'' [-tidin] | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Future | ! Future | ||
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The present tense may be optionally inflected for person as follows (though pronouns in the subject force the verb to be in the third person): | The present tense may be optionally inflected for person as follows (though pronouns in the subject force the verb to be in the third person): | ||
{| class=" | {| class="wikitable " style=" text-align: center;" | ||
|- | |- | ||
!colspan="3" | Present subject affixes | !colspan="3" | Present subject affixes | ||
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Analogously the past tense may be inflected as follows: | Analogously the past tense may be inflected as follows: | ||
{| class=" | {| class="wikitable " style=" text-align: center;" | ||
|- | |- | ||
!colspan="3" | Past subject affixes | !colspan="3" | Past subject affixes | ||
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The subjunctive is used like the infinitive and imperative in other languages (e.g. ''stilocamab!'' 'Sing!'). It can also be used to indicate uncertainty, like "may" or "might". | The subjunctive is used like the infinitive and imperative in other languages (e.g. ''stilocamab!'' 'Sing!'). It can also be used to indicate uncertainty, like "may" or "might". | ||
Yes-no questions are formed by adding the question particle ''pegol'' to the subjunctive: ''zenazumab pegol?'' (Did he go?). In spoken Clofabosin ''-mab pegol'' is often shortened to ''-mapel'' or ''-pel''. | Yes-no questions are formed by adding the question particle ''pegol'' to the subjunctive: ''zenazumab pegol?'' (Did he go?). In spoken Clofabosin ''-mab pegol'' is often shortened to ''-mapel'' or ''-pel''. Wh-questions do ''not'' use this ending: ''cesin gliserotin(avir)?'' = What language is this? | ||
For realis forms (e.g. indicative, attributive, "when", "while", conjunctive), the negative marker is ''-fo-'': ''sabafovir'' 'he does not write'. For irrealis forms (e.g. subjunctive, conditional, optative, verbal noun), the negative marker is ''-tu(mo)-'': ''sabatumab!'', ''sabatumumab!'' or ''sabatumomab!'' means 'Don't write!' | For realis forms (e.g. indicative, attributive, "when", "while", conjunctive), the negative marker is ''-fo-'': ''sabafovir'' 'he does not write'. For irrealis forms (e.g. subjunctive, conditional, optative, verbal noun), the negative marker is ''-tu(mo)-'': ''sabatumab!'', ''sabatumumab!'' or ''sabatumomab!'' means 'Don't write!' | ||
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*'can' (ability) uses ''-tecan'' (inflected as if it were ''-tecavir''; the attributive is ''-taxel'') | *'can' (ability) uses ''-tecan'' (inflected as if it were ''-tecavir''; the attributive is ''-taxel'') | ||
**For the related sense "can do X [noun]" or "know how to do X", use ''X atevir'' (dative-stative; cf. Japanese ''dekiru''). | **For the related sense "can do X [noun]" or "know how to do X", use ''X atevir'' (dative-stative; cf. Japanese ''dekiru''). | ||
*'must' uses ''-mab tiuxetan'' (spoken Clofabosin: ''- | *'must' uses ''-mab tiuxetan'' (spoken Clofabosin: ''-matixan''); the subject is put into the dative. | ||
**Interrogative: usually ''-mab tiuxetanupel?'' or ''- | **Interrogative: usually ''-mab tiuxetanupel?'' or ''-matixapel?'' | ||
**''-tumab tiuxetan'' means 'must not'. | **''-tumab tiuxetan'' means 'must not'. | ||
*'should' uses ''-mab cituxetan'' (spoken Clofabosin: ''- | *'should' uses ''-mab cituxetan'' (spoken Clofabosin: ''-macituxan'' or ''-macixan'') | ||
*'may' (permission) uses ''-mab vedotin'' (spoken Clofabosin: ''- | *'may' (permission) uses ''-mab vedotin'' (spoken Clofabosin: ''-mavertin'') | ||
**Interrogative: usually ''-mab vedotinupel?'' or ''- | **Interrogative: usually ''-mab vedotinupel?'' or ''-mavertipel?'' | ||
**''-tumab vedotin'' means 'doesn't have to'. | **''-tumab vedotin'' means 'doesn't have to'. | ||
*'is worth' uses ''-xaban'' | *'is worth' uses ''-xaban'' | ||
*'probably' uses ''-mab merpentan'' | *'probably' uses ''-mab merpentan'' | ||
*'right when' uses ''-fingol'' or ''-zofingol'' | *'right when' uses ''-fingol'' or ''-zofingol'' | ||
*Emphasis or agreement uses ''-toxa-''/''-toxu-'': ''Ene nelcatoxaximab pegol?'' means 'Will he really love me?' | *Emphasis or agreement uses ''-toxa-''/''-toxu-'': ''Ene nelcatoxaximab pegol?'' means 'Will he really love me?' | ||
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*"regardless of" uses ''-mab elucaine''. | *"regardless of" uses ''-mab elucaine''. | ||
The verbal noun uses the suffix ''-kin''/''-kiren''. For negating verbal nouns, ''-tucin'' is used: ''Gositucin guancumavir'' 'Not giving is worse'. | The verbal noun uses the suffix ''-cin''/''-kin''/''-kiren''. For negating verbal nouns, ''-tucin'' is used: ''Gositucin guancumavir'' 'Not giving is worse'. | ||
The desiderative uses the following suffixes: | The desiderative uses the following suffixes: | ||
{| class=" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
|- | |- | ||
! !! Indicative !! Subjunctive | ! !! Indicative !! Subjunctive | ||
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Predicate nouns can fill in for both ''cytavir'' (copula) and ''keravir'' (to exist). The predicative is formed by replacing the final -n in the nominative case of a noun with the following suffixes (which can be omitted): | Predicate nouns can fill in for both ''cytavir'' (copula) and ''keravir'' (to exist). The predicative is formed by replacing the final -n in the nominative case of a noun with the following suffixes (which can be omitted): | ||
{| class=" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
|+ '''Predicative suffixes''' | |+ '''Predicative suffixes''' | ||
|- | |- | ||
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|} | |} | ||
The copular verb ''cytavir'' may also be used | The copular verb ''cytavir'' (often shortened to ''tavir'' in colloquial Clofabosin) may also be used. For example: ''endin voprafenavir'' and ''endin voprafen cytavir'' both mean "I am a teacher". Using ''cytavir'' is necessary when using an oblique case NP as a predicate: ''Endin funanetamib cytavir.'' 'I am in my bedroom.' | ||
For example: ''endin voprafenavir'' and ''endin voprafen cytavir'' both mean "I am a teacher". | |||
The predicative and desiderative suffixes may be fused as follows: | The predicative and desiderative suffixes may be fused as follows: | ||
{| class=" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
|- | |- | ||
! !! Indicative !! Subjunctive | ! !! Indicative !! Subjunctive | ||
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Attributive verbs are used to form relative clauses. They may be formed with the following suffixes: | Attributive verbs are used to form relative clauses. They may be formed with the following suffixes: | ||
{| class=" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
|- | |- | ||
! !! Indicative !! Desiderative | ! !! Indicative !! Desiderative | ||
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Nominalized attributives have the following forms: | Nominalized attributives have the following forms: | ||
{| class=" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
|- | |- | ||
! !! Indicative !! Desiderative | ! !! Indicative !! Desiderative | ||
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! Future | ! Future | ||
| ''-cil·in'' || ''-pracil·in'' | | ''-cil·in'' || ''-pracil·in'' | ||
|- | |||
! Tenseless | |||
| ''-(a)n·in'' || ''-pran·in'' | |||
|} | |} | ||
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====Voice==== | ====Voice==== | ||
The suffixes ''-li | The suffixes ''-li'' and ''-ca'' are used to form the passive resp. causative forms. (e.g. ''spovir'' 'eat' > ''spolivir'' 'is eaten'). | ||
There is also a less productive causative affix ''-si'', which causes umlaut. (e.g. ''spesivir'' 'to feed' from ''spovir'') | |||
====Degree==== | ====Degree==== | ||
*''bol-'' = 'too much' | *''bol-'' = 'too much' | ||
*''clo-'' = 'very' | *''clo-'' = 'very' | ||
*''luta-'' = equative ("as X as; X | *''luta-'' = equative ("as X as"); also a suffective ("sufficiently X") | ||
**"as X as Y" uses ''Y- | **"X like Y" uses ''Y-ac (luta-)X'' | ||
**"X enough for Y" uses ''Y- | **"as X as Y" uses ''Y-filcon (luta-)X'' | ||
**"X enough for Y" uses ''Y-one luta-X'' | |||
*''guan-'' = comparative (optional when there is a comparandum, which is marked with ''-conast'') | *''guan-'' = comparative (optional when there is a comparandum, which is marked with ''-conast'') | ||
*''peg-'' = superlative | *''peg-'' = superlative | ||
For example, '' | ''gadovir'' 'good' has an irregular comparative and superlative: ''adip.avir'' and ''dip.avir''. | ||
For example, ''Scelasin tricib pegnibulidil serotinavir.'' means '[[Skellan]] is the world's most studied language.' | |||
====Auxiliary verbs==== | ====Auxiliary verbs==== | ||
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*''-campator'' 'instead of (verb)-ing' | *''-campator'' 'instead of (verb)-ing' | ||
*''-cillin'': 'let alone' | *''-cillin'': 'let alone' | ||
*''-cog'': cohortative | *''-cog'': cohortative | ||
**''Ilocog!'' 'Let's play!' | **''Ilocog!'' 'Let's play!' | ||
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===Numerals=== | ===Numerals=== | ||
{{PAGENAME}} uses a base- | {{PAGENAME}} uses a base-10 numeral system. For attributive numerals the ''-in'' is replaced with the classifier suffix ''-fos'': for example, ''esin'' becomes ''esofos''. The ''-avir'' suffix is used to build ordinals; -il is also an ordinal suffix but is used in compounds. | ||
The counting numbers: | The counting numbers: | ||
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*8: ''tixin'' | *8: ''tixin'' | ||
*9: ''vadin'' | *9: ''vadin'' | ||
*10: ''clutin'' | *10: ''clutin'' | ||
*11: ''clutesin'' | *11: ''clutesin'' | ||
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*18: ''clutixin'' | *18: ''clutixin'' | ||
*19: ''cluvadin'' | *19: ''cluvadin'' | ||
*20: ''resvin'' | |||
*30: ''tebin'' | |||
*20: '' | *40: ''prolin'' | ||
*50: ''aruzin'' | |||
*60: ''quidin'' | |||
*30: '' | *70: ''zoledin'' | ||
*40: '' | *80: ''tixedin'' | ||
*50: '' | *90: ''varedin'' | ||
*60: '' | |||
*70: '' | |||
*80: '' | |||
*90: '' | |||
*100: ''sanin'' | *100: ''sanin'' | ||
*1000: ''ictin'' | *1000: ''ictin'' | ||
Short attributive forms: efos, rifos, salfos, lofos, orfos, quifos, zofos, tifos, vafos | Short attributive forms: efos, rifos, salfos, lofos, orfos, quifos, zofos, tifos, vafos, clufos | ||
==Syntax== | ==Syntax== | ||
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For "X likes Y" the construction ''X-NOM Y-ACC dasabuvir'' is used. | For "X likes Y" the construction ''X-NOM Y-ACC dasabuvir'' is used. | ||
:'''''Lunesta | :'''''Lunesta olpane dasabuvir.''''' | ||
:''Lunesta likes apples.'' | :''Lunesta likes apples.'' | ||
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*''-ici·n'': diminutive | *''-ici·n'': diminutive | ||
*''clo-'': augmentative | *''clo-'': augmentative | ||
*''des-'': | *''des-'': apart, dis- | ||
*''-entan'': -liness, -ability | *''-entan'': -liness, -ability | ||
*''-myci·n'': -ability | *''-myci·n'': -ability | ||
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*''-st·in'': instrument | *''-st·in'': instrument | ||
*''-fen'': agentive | *''-fen'': agentive | ||
*''-siban'': agentive | *''-siban'': agentive | ||
*''-dan'': nominalizer | *''-dan'': nominalizer | ||
*''-prazan'': place noun | *''-prazan'': place noun | ||
*''-sulfan'': institutions | *''-sulfan'': institutions | ||
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==Sample texts== | ==Sample texts== | ||
'' | ===Saturday Night Live skit=== | ||
... | |||
''2004-procib rufiporfib cefsulfan "Seasonique" 'dine efastine ceprazole. Flufabine 1997-procib endin cibine ibuzole. Seasonique:one abacamab dapivirenz!'' | |||
... | |||
''cefoxitin Tylenol:ine savtuprazanib irinostim minzatinercept!'' | |||
===''cefditoren'' (national anthem of Clofabolocin)=== | |||
{{col-begin}} | |||
{{col-break}} | |||
<poem> | |||
'''cefditoren''' | |||
''cefditoren rupalimab,'' | |||
''ziruvenin conalimab, '' | |||
''apizanol vactolepin, '' | |||
''boracenol seprabuctan, '' | |||
''soxaplatril pelonosvan, '' | |||
''Clofabol campotril raxin, '' | |||
''Picumenol empalocib '' | |||
''predampafib butilimab.'' | |||
</poem> | |||
{{col-break}} | |||
<poem> | |||
'''May This ''Ditoren''''' | |||
May this ''ditoren'' (an instrument) be heard, | |||
The beautiful ''enin'' (a bird) be seen, | |||
The sweetness of the ''apizan'' (a fruit), | |||
The fragrant ''buctan'' (a flower) of the rainforest, | |||
The gentle breezes of the north, | |||
The cooling waters of the Clofabin (the river), | |||
Be felt by every soul in the homeland of Picumen (a historical figure). | |||
</poem> | |||
{{col-end}} | |||
===Hippocratic Oath=== | |||
''Novartis efafenium GlaxoSmithKline:ium Astrazeneca:nium Amgen:ium pretropazone adrovirenz. fluvolazine conasibastim calukast, atecium bixocogrelor cefadrotium cefsapacium trimavirenz.'' | |||
'' | ''endorosnifene cefblisib zocrafestat conalukast; moctib pristinalukast; minzatin tenosartan flurase tazelukast; flurupline dapsoruxizac conalukast uplone cefblisine nibuprosartan minzatine levo sapacine medofolukast nibucalukast; aril-dapsoblosazonium rosnifenol blosazonium cefadrotine demazil derotranazone, enilarbene alfa rebasium predrifastat rosnicine gosivirenz; beta dexrifarazone cefcafovirenz.'' | ||
===Tower of Babel=== | ===Tower of Babel=== | ||
#''sertib pretricib ampazone | #''sertib pretricib ampazone esofos luxedanium esofos serotinazole.'' | ||
#''ampazin docelone distusermin, Sinar:ib elcalocine pidezolast flufib letazole.'' | #''ampazin docelone distusermin, Sinar:ib elcalocine pidezolast flufib letazole.'' | ||
#''ampazin aferone epazilin: "capline galelukast gadotovacacog." fluzin capline uldac epsozolast cispine braxistac epsozole.'' | #''ampazin aferone epazilin: "capline galelukast gadotovacacog." fluzin capline uldac epsozolast cispine braxistac epsozole.'' | ||
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#''cefase flubenzone "Bavel" epatinib. calan tropin flufib pretricol luxedane nivarotidine eparin. flufisant tropin fluzine pretricosetron amitizole.'' | #''cefase flubenzone "Bavel" epatinib. calan tropin flufib pretricol luxedane nivarotidine eparin. flufisant tropin fluzine pretricosetron amitizole.'' | ||
:''sertib pretricib ampazone | :''sertib pretricib ampazone esofos luxedanium esofos serotinazole.'' | ||
:sertib pre-tric-ib amp-az-one | :sertib pre-tric-ib amp-az-one esofos luxedan-ium esofos sero-t-ina-zole | ||
:time-LOC all-world-LOC person-PL-DAT | :time-LOC all-world-LOC person-PL-DAT one language-and one speak-NOMZ-COP-PST.IND | ||
:''ampazin docelone distusermin, Sinar:ib elcalocine pidezolast flufib letazole.'' | :''ampazin docelone distusermin, Sinar:ib elcalocine pidezolast flufib letazole.'' | ||
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===UDHR, Article 1=== | ===UDHR, Article 1=== | ||
''predampin zocralitril sertisant coplitrodast tulcast pitanabant inflitinib. ampin ziudixisant cetirizast dapsolopritine ciclotrodast, aferone ruxinelol temazepam evicovetmab tiuxetan.'' | |||
{{Gloss | {{Gloss | ||
|phrase = predampin | |phrase = predampin zocralitril sertisant coplitrodast tulcast pitanabant inflitinib. | ||
|pinyin = | |pinyin = | ||
|IPA = [pɾedampin | |IPA = [pɾedampin zokɾalitril seɾtisant koplitɾodast tulkast pitanabant inflitinip] | ||
| morphemes = pred-amp-in zocra-li- | | morphemes = pred-amp-in zocra-li-tril sert-imod copli-trodast tulc-ast pita-nabant infli-tinib | ||
| gloss = all-human-NOM give_birth-PASS-GNOM.ATT time-ABL free-GNOM.CONJ worth-and entitlement-regarding equal-GNOM.IND | | gloss = all-human-NOM give_birth-PASS-GNOM.ATT time-ABL free-GNOM.CONJ worth-and entitlement-regarding equal-GNOM.IND | ||
| translation = All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. | | translation = All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. | ||
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|phrase = ampin ziudixisant cetirizast dapsolopritine ciclotrodast, aferone ruxinelol temazepam evicovetmab tiuxetan. | |phrase = ampin ziudixisant cetirizast dapsolopritine ciclotrodast, aferone ruxinelol temazepam evicovetmab tiuxetan. | ||
|pinyin = | |pinyin = | ||
|IPA = [ampin ziudiksisant ketiɾizast dapsolopɾitine kiklotɾodast ǀ afeɾon ɾuksinelol temazepam | |IPA = [ampin ziudiksisant ketiɾizast dapsolopɾitine kiklotɾodast ǀ afeɾon ɾuksinelol temazepam evikovemap tiuksetan] | ||
| morphemes = amp-in ziudix-imod cetiriz-ast dapso-lopri-t-ine ciclo-trodast, afer-one ruxi-nel-ol tem-azepam evico-tumab tiuxetan | | morphemes = amp-in ziudix-imod cetiriz-ast dapso-lopri-t-ine ciclo-trodast, afer-one ruxi-nel-ol tem-azepam evico-tumab tiuxetan | ||
| gloss = human-NOM nature-ABL rationality-and self-control-NOMZ-ACC receive-GNOM.CONJ, each_other-DAT brother-love-GEN spirit-PL.INST act-GNOM.SUBJ must | | gloss = human-NOM nature-ABL rationality-and self-control-NOMZ-ACC receive-GNOM.CONJ, each_other-DAT brother-love-GEN spirit-PL.INST act-GNOM.SUBJ must | ||
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==Other resources== | ==Other resources== | ||
[[Category:{{PAGENAME}}|*]] | [[Category:{{PAGENAME}}|*]] |
edits