138,726
edits
m (→Stress) |
|||
(200 intermediate revisions by 3 users not shown) | |||
Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
{{Infobox language | {{Infobox language | ||
|image = Script_Clofabosin.png | |image = Script_Clofabosin.png | ||
|creator = [[User:IlL|IlL]], [[User:Praimhín|Praimhín]] | |creator = [[User:IlL|IlL]], [[User:Praimhín|Praimhín]] | ||
|setting = [[Verse:Tricin]] | |setting = [[Verse:Tricin]] | ||
|name = {{PAGENAME}} | |name = {{PAGENAME}} | ||
|nativename = ƎΠΔꙞΛỺΔᖵꝨИ<br/>clofabosin | |nativename = ƎΠΔꙞΛỺΔᖵꝨИ<br/>clofabosin | ||
|pronunciation= | |pronunciation= 'kl{{den}}ofabosin{{den}} | ||
| | |setting = [[Verse:Tricin|Tricin]] | ||
|familycolor= | |familycolor=isolate | ||
| | |ancestor=[[Clofabosin/Middle|Middle Clofabosin]] | ||
| | |scripts=* Clofabian alphabet | ||
|nation=Clofabolocin | |nation=Clofabolocin<br />Dodellia<br />Quelocin | ||
|agency=''Ativa-luxedanasnusulfan'' (ALA) | |agency=''Ativa-luxedanasnusulfan'' (ALA) | ||
|notice=IPA | |notice=IPA | ||
Line 20: | Line 19: | ||
[[{{PAGENAME}}/Names|Names]]<br/> | [[{{PAGENAME}}/Names|Names]]<br/> | ||
[[{{PAGENAME}}/Periodic table|Periodic table]]<br/> | [[{{PAGENAME}}/Periodic table|Periodic table]]<br/> | ||
[[{{PAGENAME}}/Clofabosin|cefspirine clofabosib | [[{{PAGENAME}}/Clofabosin|cefspirine clofabosib conacin]] | ||
'''{{PAGENAME}}''' or '''Clofabian''' (English /kloʊˈfæbəsɪn/ ''kloh-FAB- | '''{{PAGENAME}}''' or '''Clofabian''' (English /kloʊˈfæbəsɪn/ ''kloh-FAB-ə-sin''; {{PAGENAME}}: ƎΠΔꙞΛỺΔᖵꞰⱵΔLꝨИ ''clo·fabo·serotin'' /klofaboˈseɾotin/ 'AUG-river-language', ''clofaboluxedan'' /klofaboˈluksedan/ or simply ƎΠΔꙞΛỺΔᖵꝨИ ''clofabosin'' /'klofabosin/ [ˈkʰlōfábōsì(n)] 'Clofabian [thing]') is a conlang inspired by drug generic names (international nonproprietary names, such as ''sertraline'' for Zoloft). It seeks to answer the question "What if drug names were a language?" | ||
Clofabosin is an agglutinative, fusional-ish language with a consistently head-final grammar. It is the most prominent language in the Clofabic dialect continuum, which also includes the closely related Asvasiran language. Clofabosin is the official language of [[Verse:Tricin/Clofabolocin|Clofabolocin]] ('Clofabian land') and [[Verse:Tricin/Dodellia|Dodellia]] (Clofabosin: ''dodellocridan'') in [[Verse:Tricin/Etalocin|Etalocin]]. | |||
==Todo== | ==Todo== | ||
[ | [https://cdn.who.int/media/docs/default-source/international-nonproprietary-names-(inn)/stembook-2018.pdf?sfvrsn=32a51b3c_6&download=true 2018 stem book] | ||
[https://cdn.who.int/media/docs/default-source/international-nonproprietary-names-(inn)/addendum-stembook2018-202210.pdf?sfvrsn=842c90_3&download=true 2022 addendum] | |||
[https://cdn.who.int/media/docs/default-source/international-nonproprietary-names-(inn)/prestem_suffixes_202210.pdf?sfvrsn=dbe56fc8_3&download=true 2022 prestems] | |||
"Rondexan brolifin lominilin relavex zelextranum exequin zepara duropaz limedropan tulanurifin zepara relavex." | |||
Goal: Duolingo course | Goal: Duolingo course | ||
* Siafl·in or Siacl·in (from Lushootseed siʔał or siʔaƛ̕) = Seattle | |||
* Dalatin, Ultarin, Flanitin, Ilarnecin, Minarin, Sarnatin, Celefavisin, Cadatin | |||
*platin, poetin | *platin, poetin | ||
*''clofabosine nibucin futivir'' or ''clofabosin nibustim futivir'' = clofabosin is easy to learn | *''clofabosine nibucin futivir'' or ''clofabosin nibustim futivir'' = clofabosin is easy to learn | ||
*classifier ''-fos'' | *classifier ''-fos'' | ||
*'' | *''-pred'': the entire... | ||
*''-flapon, -filcon'' | *''-flapon, -filcon'' | ||
*''-nefa-'' | *''-nefa-'' | ||
*''-pamil'': 'full of' | *''-pamil'': 'full of' | ||
*''-tiazem'': place names | *''-tiazem'': place names | ||
*''-(x)antrone'' ('' | *''-(x)antrone'' (''exantrin'') | ||
*more suffixes: ''-butan, -casan, -fiban, -fentanil, -etanide, -flurane, -ganan, -osuran, -tant | *more suffixes: ''-butan, -casan, -fiban, -fentanil, -etanide, -flurane, -ganan, -osuran, -tant, -zotan, -sonan, -xaban'' <- | ||
some of those affixes should be dialectal | |||
* | * Paliperidin (paliperidone) = a Clofabian religious text made up of poetry (palin = line, peridin = collection) | ||
==Orthography== | ==Orthography== | ||
[[File:Clofabian_script.png|thumbnail|Clofabian script|750px]] | [[File:Clofabian_script.png|thumbnail|Clofabian script|750px]] | ||
Clofabosin uses a script known as '' | Clofabosin uses a script known as ''ativasabatin'' in Clofabosin, a case-less LTR alphabet, but speakers write in a style of cursive handwriting. It was invented by the lexicographer and poet Ativan Tdap. | ||
The full letter name is used for declining, and the short form (omit the parenthesized part) is used for spelling out words. The alphabetical order is as follows: | The full letter name is used for declining, and the short form (omit the parenthesized part) is used for spelling out words. The alphabetical order is as follows: | ||
Line 77: | Line 83: | ||
*Ɐ: X (''ces'') (a ligature of C and S) | *Ɐ: X (''ces'') (a ligature of C and S) | ||
For sake of aesthetics, in the romanization only | For sake of aesthetics, in the romanization only personal names are capitalized. | ||
===Alphabet Song (spidexostilin)=== | ===Alphabet Song (spidexostilin)=== | ||
<poem> | <poem> | ||
Line 102: | Line 108: | ||
==Phonology== | ==Phonology== | ||
Clofabosin has a | Clofabosin has a small phonemic inventory of 14 consonants and 5 vowels. | ||
=== | === Suprasegmentals === | ||
Stress is | Stress is weak and word-initial. The pitch rises from the first syllable of a word to the second syllable, as in Tamil; the overall intonation of Standard Clofabosin is Tamil-like. | ||
===Consonants=== | ===Consonants=== | ||
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class=" | {| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="wikitable" style="width: 500px; text-align:center;" | ||
|+ '''{{PAGENAME}} consonants''' | |+ '''{{PAGENAME}} consonants''' | ||
! colspan="2" | | ! colspan="2" | | ||
Line 138: | Line 144: | ||
| '''f, ph''' /f/ | | '''f, ph''' /f/ | ||
| '''s''' /s/ | | '''s''' /s/ | ||
| | | [x] | ||
| ('''h''' /h/) | | ('''h''' /h/) | ||
|- | |- | ||
Line 144: | Line 150: | ||
|rowspan="2"|'''v''' /v~ʋ~w/ | |rowspan="2"|'''v''' /v~ʋ~w/ | ||
| '''z, (j)''' /z/ | | '''z, (j)''' /z/ | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
Line 159: | Line 165: | ||
|} | |} | ||
*The letter '''x''' is used for the common sequence /ks/. | *The letter '''x''' is used for the common sequence /ks/. | ||
*'''h''' /h/ occurs only in loanwords. | *'''h''' /h/ occurs only in loanwords. | ||
Line 166: | Line 171: | ||
;Notes | ;Notes | ||
*Syllable-initial /p, t, k/ are lightly aspirated like in Japanese. However, they are unaspirated after /s/. | *Syllable-initial /p, t, k/ are lightly aspirated like in Japanese. However, they are unaspirated after /s/. | ||
*Word-final /b, d, g/ are devoiced to [p, t, k]: ''ustekinumab'' [ustekinumap] 'welcome'. | *Word-final /b, d, g/ are devoiced to [p, t{{den}}, k]: ''ustekinumab'' [ustekinumap] 'welcome'. | ||
*/n, t, d, l/ are | */n, t, d, l/ are dental. | ||
*/ɾ/ is normally alveolar [ɾ] or retracted alveolar [ɾ̠], but may be reduced to [ɹ~ɻ] | */ɾ/ is normally alveolar [ɾ] or retracted alveolar [ɾ̠], but may be reduced to [ɹ~ɻ] when word-final. It is pronounced as [ʀ~ʁ] in some dialects. | ||
*/s, z/ are laminal alveolar in standard Clofabosin. | */s, z/ are laminal alveolar in standard Clofabosin. | ||
**/z/ has more dialectal variance: [z ~ dz ~ ʒ ~ dʒ ~ ʐ ~ ɻ ~ j ~ | **/z/ has more dialectal variance: [z ~ dz ~ ʒ ~ dʒ ~ ʐ ~ ɻ ~ j ~ ʝ ~ h]. | ||
*[ŋ] is an allophone of /n/ before velars. | *[ŋ] is an allophone of /n/ before velars. | ||
*/v/ is a labiodental fricative [v] or approximant [ʋ]. | */v/ is a labiodental fricative [v] or approximant [ʋ]. | ||
**[w] is an allophone of /v/ after velars /k, g/. It is transliterated '''qu, gu''' in this case. | **[w] is an allophone of /v/ after velars /k, g/. It is transliterated '''qu, gu''' in this case. | ||
*/k/ is lenited to [x] after /e, o, a/ | */k/ is lenited to [x] after /e, o, a, u/ and [ç] after /i/. | ||
*In colloquial speech intervocalic /b/ is often deleted or lenited to [w]: ''clofabosin'' becomes [klofaosi] or [klofawosi]. The ending ''-mab'' is also often pronounced [ma]. | *In colloquial speech intervocalic /b/ is often deleted or lenited to [w]: ''clofabosin'' becomes [klofaosi] or [klofawosi]. The ending ''-mab'' is also often pronounced [ma]. | ||
===Vowels=== | ===Vowels=== | ||
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class=" | {| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" | ||
|+ '''{{PAGENAME}} vowels''' | |+ '''{{PAGENAME}} vowels''' | ||
|- | |- | ||
Line 206: | Line 210: | ||
;Notes | ;Notes | ||
*Word-initial syllables traditionally also had vowel length (marked with an underdot under the vowel in dictionaries), not distinguished by most younger speakers. | *Word-initial syllables traditionally also had vowel length (marked with an underdot under the vowel in dictionaries), not distinguished by most younger speakers. | ||
*/u/ is often slightly fronted. | */u/ is often slightly fronted or compressed. However, in singing it is always fully back rounded [u]. | ||
*/i, u/ are lowered to [ɪ, ʊ] before /ɾ/. | */i, u/ are lowered to [ɪ, ʊ] before /ɾ/. | ||
*/e, o/ are mid [e̞, o̞]. | */e, o/ are mid [e̞, o̞]. | ||
*/a/ is central [ä]. | */a/ is central [ä]. | ||
===Phonotactics=== | |||
Clofabosin initial clusters are similar to Latin: | |||
*XR: pl pr bl br fl fr tr dr cl cr gl gr | |||
*sC: sp st spr (str is very rare) | |||
*Others: x (rare) | |||
Historically most instances of me- have changed to ma- or mo-. | |||
==Dialectology== | ==Dialectology== | ||
Line 215: | Line 227: | ||
*In the colloquial Streptomycin accent /ɾC/ sequences assimilate into geminates [Cː]: ''riconercept'' [ɾikonekkept] 'goodbye'. /n, t, d/ in this position become apical [ɳ, ʈ, ɖ]. | *In the colloquial Streptomycin accent /ɾC/ sequences assimilate into geminates [Cː]: ''riconercept'' [ɾikonekkept] 'goodbye'. /n, t, d/ in this position become apical [ɳ, ʈ, ɖ]. | ||
*/z/ may be pronounced [j]. | */z/ may be pronounced [j]. | ||
*Final /n/ is often dropped. | |||
===Dodellian accent=== | |||
=== | ===Southern Dodellian accent=== | ||
*v = [w] | *v = [w] | ||
*f = [ | *f = [x] | ||
*z = [ | *z = [ɦ] or dropped entirely | ||
*e o = [ɛ ɔ] | *e o = [ɛ ɔ] | ||
=== "Saigon" accent ==÷ | |||
==Morphology== | ==Morphology== | ||
Line 228: | Line 241: | ||
Clofabian nouns can take one of many case clitics, which are not true suffixes. Suffixes for "cases" other than the nominative and the accusative are attached to the combining form of the noun. Plurals are marked with ''-(a)zin'', ''-(a)z(o)-'' (e.g. ''amp·in'' person, ''ampazin'' 'people'; ''acti·n'' 'day', ''actizin'' 'days'); pluralization is usually reserved for animates, and are never used with numbers or quantifiers. | Clofabian nouns can take one of many case clitics, which are not true suffixes. Suffixes for "cases" other than the nominative and the accusative are attached to the combining form of the noun. Plurals are marked with ''-(a)zin'', ''-(a)z(o)-'' (e.g. ''amp·in'' person, ''ampazin'' 'people'; ''acti·n'' 'day', ''actizin'' 'days'); pluralization is usually reserved for animates, and are never used with numbers or quantifiers. | ||
====Consonant stems==== | ====Consonant stems==== | ||
{| class=" | {| class="wikitable" style="width: 220px; text-align: center;" | ||
|- | |- | ||
! colspan="3"| '''''efast·in'' - medicine''' | ! colspan="3"| '''''efast·in'' - medicine''' | ||
Line 243: | Line 256: | ||
====i-stems==== | ====i-stems==== | ||
{| class=" | Note: Middle Clofabosin -u-in nouns merged with Middle Clofabosin -i-in nouns. | ||
{| class="wikitable" style="width: 220px; text-align: center;" | |||
|- | |- | ||
! colspan="3"| '''''nepi·n'' - work''' | ! colspan="3"| '''''nepi·n'' - work''' | ||
Line 256: | Line 270: | ||
|colspan="2"|''nepi(n)-'' | |colspan="2"|''nepi(n)-'' | ||
|} | |} | ||
====u-stems==== | |||
-in, -ine, combining forms -in-(V-) and -u-(C-). Merges with i-stems in spoken Clofab.<!-- | |||
{| class="wikitable" style="width: 220px; text-align: center;" | |||
|- | |||
! colspan="3"| '''''sarin, saru-'' - calamity''' | |||
|- | |||
!scope="row"|Nominative | |||
|colspan="2"|''sarin'' | |||
|- | |||
!scope="row"|Accusative | |||
|colspan="2"|''sarine'' | |||
|- | |||
!scope="row"|Combining form | |||
|colspan="2"|''saru-, sarin-'' | |||
|} | |||
--> | |||
====e-stems==== | ====e-stems==== | ||
{| class=" | {| class="wikitable" style="width: 220px; text-align: center;" | ||
|- | |- | ||
! colspan="3"| '''''torcafen'' - poet''' | ! colspan="3"| '''''torcafen'' - poet''' | ||
Line 273: | Line 304: | ||
====a-stems==== | ====a-stems==== | ||
{| class=" | Nouns from Asvasiran | ||
{| class="wikitable" style="width: 220px; text-align: center;" | |||
|- | |- | ||
! colspan="3"| '''''atazan'' - story''' | ! colspan="3"| '''''atazan'' - story''' | ||
Line 290: | Line 322: | ||
*''-fulven'' = 'until, up to' | *''-fulven'' = 'until, up to' | ||
*''-setron'' = 'throughout' | *''-setron'' = 'throughout' | ||
*''-cidib'' = 'like | *''-cidib'' = 'like the X it is' | ||
*''es-'' = 'only an/the X' | *''es-'' = 'only an/the X' | ||
*''-pred'' = 'X and all, the likes of X' | *''-pred'' = 'X and all, the likes of X' | ||
Line 339: | Line 371: | ||
*''alfa, -al'': 'X also' | *''alfa, -al'': 'X also' | ||
*''-stim'' = translative, becoming X | *''-stim'' = translative, becoming X | ||
*''-xantrone'' = near | |||
*''-fusp'' = as X as, used with the equative | |||
*''-ixafor'' = regardless of, no matter, even with | |||
===Pronouns=== | ===Pronouns=== | ||
Line 348: | Line 383: | ||
====Correlatives==== | ====Correlatives==== | ||
*''cef-, cesin, cerin'' = this X, this (thing), this (person) | *''cef-, cesin, cerin'' = this X, this (thing), this (person); colloquially shortened to ''cen'', which also means 'yes' | ||
*''flu-, flusin, flurin'' = that X, that (thing), that (person) | *''flu-, flusin, flurin'' = that X, that (thing), that (person); colloquially shortened to ''flin'' | ||
*''gli-, glisin, glirin'' = what X?, what? who? | *''gli-, glisin, glirin'' = what X?, what? who? colloquially shortened to ''glin'' | ||
*''cef(pa)stat, flu(pa)stat, gli(pa)stat'' = like this, like that, how | *''cef(pa)stat, flu(pa)stat, gli(pa)stat'' = like this, like that, how | ||
*''cefstavir, flustavir, glistavir'' = is like this, is like that, how is... | *''cefstavir, flustavir, glistavir'' = is like this, is like that, how is.../what is it like | ||
*''pred-, presin, prerin'' = all X, everything, everyone | *''pred-, presin, prerin'' = all X, everything, everyone | ||
*''nal-, nasin, narin'' = many | *''nal-, nasin, narin'' = many | ||
Line 379: | Line 414: | ||
*''-ptinib, -ctinib, -tinib, -ctinib-, -ltinib, -mtinib, -ntinib, -ptinib, -rtinib, -stinib, -tinib'' | *''-ptinib, -ctinib, -tinib, -ctinib-, -ltinib, -mtinib, -ntinib, -ptinib, -rtinib, -stinib, -tinib'' | ||
*''-ptu-, -ctu-, -tu, -ctu-, -ltu-, -mtu-, -ntu-, -ptu-, -rtu-, -stu-, -tu-'' | *''-ptu-, -ctu-, -tu, -ctu-, -ltu-, -mtu-, -ntu-, -ptu-, -rtu-, -stu-, -tu-'' | ||
{| class=" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
|- | |- | ||
! !! Indicative !! Subjunctive !! "If" !! "Only if" !! "When" !! "While" !! Conjunctive !! Adverbial !! Resultative !! Optative !! "Because" / Quotative | ! !! Indicative !! Subjunctive !! "If" !! "Only if" !! "When" !! "While" !! Conjunctive !! Adverbial !! Resultative !! Optative !! "Because" / Quotative | ||
Line 396: | Line 431: | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Timeless | ! Timeless | ||
| ''-tinib'' || ''-vetmab'' || ''-tisartan'', ''-tartan'' || ''-termin'' ||''-trodast'' || ''-tadine'', ''-tidine'' [-tidin] | | ''-tinib'' || ''-vetmab'' [vemab] or [veɾmab] || ''-tisartan'', ''-tartan'' || ''-termin'' ||''-trodast'' || ''-tadine'', ''-tidine'' [-tidin] | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Future | ! Future | ||
Line 406: | Line 441: | ||
The present tense may be optionally inflected for person as follows (though pronouns in the subject force the verb to be in the third person): | The present tense may be optionally inflected for person as follows (though pronouns in the subject force the verb to be in the third person): | ||
{| class=" | {| class="wikitable " style=" text-align: center;" | ||
|- | |- | ||
!colspan="3" | Present subject affixes | !colspan="3" | Present subject affixes | ||
Line 430: | Line 465: | ||
Analogously the past tense may be inflected as follows: | Analogously the past tense may be inflected as follows: | ||
{| class=" | {| class="wikitable " style=" text-align: center;" | ||
|- | |- | ||
!colspan="3" | Past subject affixes | !colspan="3" | Past subject affixes | ||
Line 452: | Line 487: | ||
The subjunctive is used like the infinitive and imperative in other languages (e.g. ''stilocamab!'' 'Sing!'). It can also be used to indicate uncertainty, like "may" or "might". | The subjunctive is used like the infinitive and imperative in other languages (e.g. ''stilocamab!'' 'Sing!'). It can also be used to indicate uncertainty, like "may" or "might". | ||
Yes-no questions are formed by adding the question particle ''pegol'' to the subjunctive: ''zenazumab pegol?'' (Did he go?). In spoken Clofabosin ''-mab pegol'' is often shortened to ''-mapel'' or ''-pel''. | Yes-no questions are formed by adding the question particle ''pegol'' to the subjunctive: ''zenazumab pegol?'' (Did he go?). In spoken Clofabosin ''-mab pegol'' is often shortened to ''-mapel'' or ''-pel''. Wh-questions do ''not'' use this ending: ''cesin gliserotin(avir)?'' = What language is this? | ||
For realis forms (e.g. indicative, attributive, "when", "while", conjunctive), the negative marker is ''-fo-'': ''sabafovir'' 'he does not write'. For irrealis forms (e.g. subjunctive, conditional, optative, verbal noun), the negative marker is ''-tu(mo)-'': ''sabatumab!'', ''sabatumumab!'' or ''sabatumomab!'' means 'Don't write!' | For realis forms (e.g. indicative, attributive, "when", "while", conjunctive), the negative marker is ''-fo-'': ''sabafovir'' 'he does not write'. For irrealis forms (e.g. subjunctive, conditional, optative, verbal noun), the negative marker is ''-tu(mo)-'': ''sabatumab!'', ''sabatumumab!'' or ''sabatumomab!'' means 'Don't write!' | ||
Line 461: | Line 496: | ||
**Interrogative: usually ''-mab tiuxetanupel?'' or ''-matixapel?'' | **Interrogative: usually ''-mab tiuxetanupel?'' or ''-matixapel?'' | ||
**''-tumab tiuxetan'' means 'must not'. | **''-tumab tiuxetan'' means 'must not'. | ||
*'should' uses ''-mab cituxetan'' (spoken Clofabosin: ''-macituxan'') | *'should' uses ''-mab cituxetan'' (spoken Clofabosin: ''-macituxan'' or ''-macixan'') | ||
*'may' (permission) uses ''-mab vedotin'' (spoken Clofabosin: ''-mavertin'') | *'may' (permission) uses ''-mab vedotin'' (spoken Clofabosin: ''-mavertin'') | ||
**Interrogative: usually ''-mab vedotinupel?'' or ''-mavertipel?'' | **Interrogative: usually ''-mab vedotinupel?'' or ''-mavertipel?'' | ||
Line 472: | Line 507: | ||
*"regardless of" uses ''-mab elucaine''. | *"regardless of" uses ''-mab elucaine''. | ||
The verbal noun uses the suffix ''-kin''/''-kiren''. For negating verbal nouns, ''-tucin'' is used: ''Gositucin guancumavir'' 'Not giving is worse'. | The verbal noun uses the suffix ''-cin''/''-kin''/''-kiren''. For negating verbal nouns, ''-tucin'' is used: ''Gositucin guancumavir'' 'Not giving is worse'. | ||
The desiderative uses the following suffixes: | The desiderative uses the following suffixes: | ||
{| class=" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
|- | |- | ||
! !! Indicative !! Subjunctive | ! !! Indicative !! Subjunctive | ||
Line 503: | Line 538: | ||
Predicate nouns can fill in for both ''cytavir'' (copula) and ''keravir'' (to exist). The predicative is formed by replacing the final -n in the nominative case of a noun with the following suffixes (which can be omitted): | Predicate nouns can fill in for both ''cytavir'' (copula) and ''keravir'' (to exist). The predicative is formed by replacing the final -n in the nominative case of a noun with the following suffixes (which can be omitted): | ||
{| class=" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
|+ '''Predicative suffixes''' | |+ '''Predicative suffixes''' | ||
|- | |- | ||
Line 525: | Line 560: | ||
The predicative and desiderative suffixes may be fused as follows: | The predicative and desiderative suffixes may be fused as follows: | ||
{| class=" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
|- | |- | ||
! !! Indicative !! Subjunctive | ! !! Indicative !! Subjunctive | ||
Line 547: | Line 582: | ||
Attributive verbs are used to form relative clauses. They may be formed with the following suffixes: | Attributive verbs are used to form relative clauses. They may be formed with the following suffixes: | ||
{| class=" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
|- | |- | ||
! !! Indicative !! Desiderative | ! !! Indicative !! Desiderative | ||
Line 568: | Line 603: | ||
Nominalized attributives have the following forms: | Nominalized attributives have the following forms: | ||
{| class=" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
|- | |- | ||
! !! Indicative !! Desiderative | ! !! Indicative !! Desiderative | ||
Line 583: | Line 618: | ||
! Future | ! Future | ||
| ''-cil·in'' || ''-pracil·in'' | | ''-cil·in'' || ''-pracil·in'' | ||
|- | |||
! Tenseless | |||
| ''-(a)n·in'' || ''-pran·in'' | |||
|} | |} | ||
Line 591: | Line 629: | ||
====Voice==== | ====Voice==== | ||
The suffixes ''-li | The suffixes ''-li'' and ''-ca'' are used to form the passive resp. causative forms. (e.g. ''spovir'' 'eat' > ''spolivir'' 'is eaten'). | ||
There is also a less productive causative affix ''-si'', which causes umlaut. (e.g. ''spesivir'' 'to feed' from ''spovir'') | |||
====Degree==== | ====Degree==== | ||
*''bol-'' = 'too much' | *''bol-'' = 'too much' | ||
*''clo-'' = 'very' | *''clo-'' = 'very' | ||
*''luta-'' = equative ("as X as; X | *''luta-'' = equative ("as X as"); also a suffective ("sufficiently X") | ||
**"as X as Y" uses ''Y- | **"X like Y" uses ''Y-ac (luta-)X'' | ||
**"X enough for Y" uses ''Y- | **"as X as Y" uses ''Y-filcon (luta-)X'' | ||
**"X enough for Y" uses ''Y-one luta-X'' | |||
*''guan-'' = comparative (optional when there is a comparandum, which is marked with ''-conast'') | *''guan-'' = comparative (optional when there is a comparandum, which is marked with ''-conast'') | ||
*''peg-'' = superlative | *''peg-'' = superlative | ||
For example, '' | ''gadovir'' 'good' has an irregular comparative and superlative: ''adip.avir'' and ''dip.avir''. | ||
For example, ''Scelasin tricib pegnibulidil serotinavir.'' means '[[Skellan]] is the world's most studied language.' | |||
====Auxiliary verbs==== | ====Auxiliary verbs==== | ||
Line 617: | Line 660: | ||
*''-campator'' 'instead of (verb)-ing' | *''-campator'' 'instead of (verb)-ing' | ||
*''-cillin'': 'let alone' | *''-cillin'': 'let alone' | ||
*''-cog'': cohortative | *''-cog'': cohortative | ||
**''Ilocog!'' 'Let's play!' | **''Ilocog!'' 'Let's play!' | ||
Line 628: | Line 670: | ||
===Numerals=== | ===Numerals=== | ||
{{PAGENAME}} uses a base- | {{PAGENAME}} uses a base-10 numeral system. For attributive numerals the ''-in'' is replaced with the classifier suffix ''-fos'': for example, ''esin'' becomes ''esofos''. The ''-avir'' suffix is used to build ordinals; -il is also an ordinal suffix but is used in compounds. | ||
The counting numbers: | The counting numbers: | ||
Line 642: | Line 684: | ||
*8: ''tixin'' | *8: ''tixin'' | ||
*9: ''vadin'' | *9: ''vadin'' | ||
*10: ''clutin'' | *10: ''clutin'' | ||
*11: ''clutesin'' | *11: ''clutesin'' | ||
Line 654: | Line 694: | ||
*18: ''clutixin'' | *18: ''clutixin'' | ||
*19: ''cluvadin'' | *19: ''cluvadin'' | ||
*20: ''resvin'' | |||
*30: ''tebin'' | |||
*20: '' | *40: ''prolin'' | ||
*50: ''aruzin'' | |||
*60: ''quidin'' | |||
*30: '' | *70: ''zoledin'' | ||
*40: '' | *80: ''tixedin'' | ||
*50: '' | *90: ''varedin'' | ||
*60: '' | |||
*70: '' | |||
*80: '' | |||
*90: '' | |||
*100: ''sanin'' | *100: ''sanin'' | ||
*1000: ''ictin'' | *1000: ''ictin'' | ||
Short attributive forms: efos, rifos, salfos, lofos, orfos, quifos, zofos, tifos, vafos | Short attributive forms: efos, rifos, salfos, lofos, orfos, quifos, zofos, tifos, vafos, clufos | ||
==Syntax== | ==Syntax== | ||
Line 699: | Line 733: | ||
For "X likes Y" the construction ''X-NOM Y-ACC dasabuvir'' is used. | For "X likes Y" the construction ''X-NOM Y-ACC dasabuvir'' is used. | ||
:'''''Lunesta | :'''''Lunesta olpane dasabuvir.''''' | ||
:''Lunesta likes apples.'' | :''Lunesta likes apples.'' | ||
Line 773: | Line 807: | ||
==Sample texts== | ==Sample texts== | ||
'' | ===Saturday Night Live skit=== | ||
... | |||
''2004-procib rufiporfib cefsulfan "Seasonique" 'dine efastine ceprazole. Flufabine 1997-procib endin cibine ibuzole. Seasonique:one abacamab dapivirenz!'' | |||
... | |||
''cefoxitin Tylenol:ine savtuprazanib irinostim minzatinercept!'' | |||
'' | ===''cefditoren'' (national anthem of Clofabolocin)=== | ||
{{col-begin}} | |||
{{col-break}} | |||
<poem> | |||
'''cefditoren''' | |||
'' | ''cefditoren rupalimab,'' | ||
''ziruvenin conalimab, '' | |||
''apizanol vactolepin, '' | |||
''boracenol seprabuctan, '' | |||
''soxaplatril pelonosvan, '' | |||
''Clofabol campotril raxin, '' | |||
''Picumenol empalocib '' | |||
''predampafib butilimab.'' | |||
</poem> | |||
{{col-break}} | |||
<poem> | |||
'''May This ''Ditoren''''' | |||
May this ''ditoren'' (an instrument) be heard, | |||
The beautiful ''enin'' (a bird) be seen, | |||
The sweetness of the ''apizan'' (a fruit), | |||
The fragrant ''buctan'' (a flower) of the rainforest, | |||
The gentle breezes of the north, | |||
The cooling waters of the Clofabin (the river), | |||
Be felt by every soul in the homeland of Picumen (a historical figure). | |||
</poem> | |||
{{col-end}} | |||
===Hippocratic Oath=== | ===Hippocratic Oath=== | ||
''Novartis efafenium GlaxoSmithKline | ''Novartis efafenium GlaxoSmithKline:ium Astrazeneca:nium Amgen:ium pretropazone adrovirenz. fluvolazine conasibastim calukast, atecium bixocogrelor cefadrotium cefsapacium trimavirenz.'' | ||
'' | ''endorosnifene cefblisib zocrafestat conalukast; moctib pristinalukast; minzatin tenosartan flurase tazelukast; flurupline dapsoruxizac conalukast uplone cefblisine nibuprosartan minzatine levo sapacine medofolukast nibucalukast; aril-dapsoblosazonium rosnifenol blosazonium cefadrotine demazil derotranazone, enilarbene alfa rebasium predrifastat rosnicine gosivirenz; beta dexrifarazone cefcafovirenz.'' | ||
===Tower of Babel=== | ===Tower of Babel=== | ||
Line 930: | Line 996: | ||
===UDHR, Article 1=== | ===UDHR, Article 1=== | ||
''predampin zocralitril sertisant coplitrodast tulcast pitanabant inflitinib. ampin ziudixisant cetirizast dapsolopritine ciclotrodast, aferone ruxinelol temazepam evicovetmab tiuxetan.'' | |||
{{Gloss | {{Gloss | ||
|phrase = predampin zocralitril sertisant coplitrodast tulcast pitanabant inflitinib. | |phrase = predampin zocralitril sertisant coplitrodast tulcast pitanabant inflitinib. | ||
Line 943: | Line 1,010: | ||
|phrase = ampin ziudixisant cetirizast dapsolopritine ciclotrodast, aferone ruxinelol temazepam evicovetmab tiuxetan. | |phrase = ampin ziudixisant cetirizast dapsolopritine ciclotrodast, aferone ruxinelol temazepam evicovetmab tiuxetan. | ||
|pinyin = | |pinyin = | ||
|IPA = [ampin ziudiksisant ketiɾizast dapsolopɾitine kiklotɾodast ǀ afeɾon ɾuksinelol temazepam | |IPA = [ampin ziudiksisant ketiɾizast dapsolopɾitine kiklotɾodast ǀ afeɾon ɾuksinelol temazepam evikovemap tiuksetan] | ||
| morphemes = amp-in ziudix-imod cetiriz-ast dapso-lopri-t-ine ciclo-trodast, afer-one ruxi-nel-ol tem-azepam evico-tumab tiuxetan | | morphemes = amp-in ziudix-imod cetiriz-ast dapso-lopri-t-ine ciclo-trodast, afer-one ruxi-nel-ol tem-azepam evico-tumab tiuxetan | ||
| gloss = human-NOM nature-ABL rationality-and self-control-NOMZ-ACC receive-GNOM.CONJ, each_other-DAT brother-love-GEN spirit-PL.INST act-GNOM.SUBJ must | | gloss = human-NOM nature-ABL rationality-and self-control-NOMZ-ACC receive-GNOM.CONJ, each_other-DAT brother-love-GEN spirit-PL.INST act-GNOM.SUBJ must | ||
Line 972: | Line 1,039: | ||
==Other resources== | ==Other resources== | ||
[[Category:{{PAGENAME}}|*]] | [[Category:{{PAGENAME}}|*]] |
edits