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| ==Historical Sound Changes from Proto-Germanic to East Germanic (ca. 400b.c.-0)==
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| ===First Umlaut===
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| ''Has to precede Mora Loss''
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| ''Has to precede ŋ-deletion''
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| '''Stage 1.'''
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| <big>
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| e > i / V[+str] … __[-str] ! {r,h⁽ʷ⁾,+
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| </big>
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| ''/e/ > /i/ when unstressed following a stressed vowel except before /r/, /h/, /hʷ/, or a morpheme boundary.''
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| '''Stage 2.'''
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| <big>
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| e > i / __[+str] ! {r,h⁽ʷ⁾,+
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| </big>
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| ''/e/ > /i/ when stressed except before /r/, /h/, /hʷ/, or a morpheme boundary.''
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| (Stage 3: See EGmc Reflex of 1st Umlaut.)
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| ===/ŋ/-Deletion===
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| '''Vŋh > V[+lng, +nas]Øh'''
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| ''A vowel, followed by the sequence /ŋh/ (where /h/=[h,x]), becomes long and nasal and /ŋ/ is deleted (in all environments).''
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| ===Intervocalic Spirantization===
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| <big>
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| C[+vce,-cnt] > [+cnt] / V__V
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| </big>
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| In other words,
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| <big>
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| b,d,g > β,ð,γ / V__V
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| </big>
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| ''A voiced non-continuant consonant (i.e. a voiced stop) becomes continuant (i.e. a fricative) when intervocalic.''
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| ===EGmc Reflex of 1st Umlaut===
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| ''This rule is really "Stage 3" of First Umlaut, also called East Germanic Expansion of First Umlaut''
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| <big>
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| i,u > e,o / __[+str]{r,h⁽ʷ⁾
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| </big>
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| ''/i/ becomes /e/ and /u/ becomes /o/ when stressed before /r/, /h/, or /hʷ/''
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| ===Monophthongization of Unstressed /ai, au/===
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| ''Has to precede Mora Loss''
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| <big>
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| ai,au > ɛ̄,ɔ̄ / σ[-str]__[-str]C<sub>o</sub>#
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| </big>
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| ===Mora Loss===
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| ====Coronal Consonant Deletion====
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| ====Unstr. Final Short Vowel Deletion====
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| ====Final Unstr. Long Vowel Shortening====
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| ==Historical Sound Changes from East-Germanic to Gothic (ca. 0-400a.d.)==
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| [these changes still need to be ordered correctly]
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| ===z-Deletion, Obstruent Devoicing===
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| z → ∅ / V[-lng]{r,s}___#
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| /z/ is deleted word-finally after a short vowel followed by /r/ or /s/.
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| E.g. *''weraz'' ‘man’, *''drusaz'' ‘fall’ → /wirz/, /drusz/ → ''waír'', ''drus'' → ''wer'', ''drus''.
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| ===h-Deletion===
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| ===Long Vowel Lowering===
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| ===Glide Gemination (EGmc Verschärfung Stage I)===
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| ===Glide Insertion===
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| ===m-Assimilation===
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| ===Change of Initial fl to þl===
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| ===r,n-Dissimilation===
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| ===Change of am to um, Post-tonic e to a===
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| ===Thurneysen's Law===
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| ===EGmc Verschärfung Stage II===
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| ==Historical Sound Changes from Gothic to Old Gutish (ca. 400-800a.d.)==
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| ===Expansion of Gothic Glide Insertion===
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| ''This is a slightly altered continuation of the earlier [[Gutish/Rules#Glide_Insertion|East Germanic Glide Insertion]] rule; the rule remains persistent throughout Gutish grammar.
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| <big>
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| ∅ → j / V[-bck,-low]___+V<br />
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| ∅ → w / V[+bck,-low]___+V
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| </big>
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| /j/ is inserted between two vowels, the first of which is a non-low front vowel (e,ē,i,ī).
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| /w/ is inserted between two vowels, the first of which is a non-low back vowel (o,ō,u,ū).
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| E.g.
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| ''ija'' ‘her’ + [[Gutish/Rules#Short_Vowel_Lengthening|Short Vowel Lengthening]] → /īa/ + [[Gutish/Rules#Expansion_of_Gothic_Glide_Insertion|Glide Insertion Exp]] → īja → (''ev.'') /aija/ ''īja''
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| ''rauan'' /rɔ̄an/ ‘to row’ + [[Gutish/Rules#Stressed_Long_Vowel_Raising|Stressed Long Vowel Raising]] → /rōan/ + [[Gutish/Rules#Expansion_of_Gothic_Glide_Insertion|Glide Insertion Exp]] → /rōwan/ (''ev.'') /rōn/ ''rǭn''
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| ===Obstruent Devoicing (Persistent)===
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| {|
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| |-
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| |style="border-left:solid black 1px; border-top: solid black 1px; border-bottom:solid black 1px;" rowspan="4" |
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| || C ||style="border-right:solid black 1px; border-top: solid black 1px; border-bottom:solid black 1px;" rowspan="4"| || → || [-vox] || / || ___ || { -vox
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| |-
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| || +vox || || || || || {#
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| |-
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| || +obs || || || || ||
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| |-
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| || +cnt || || || || ||
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| |}
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| ===Geminate Simplification (Type I, Persistent)===
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| ===Intervocalic Voiced Stop to Fricative Expansion===
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| ===Stop Insertion after Nasals===
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| ===Expansion of East Germanic /fl/-to-/θl/===
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| ===Voicing and Devoicing of Obstruent Clusters===
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| ===Clitic Separation===
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| ===Geminate Simplification (Type II, Synchronic)===
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| ===Short Vowel Lengthening===
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| ===Expansion of East Germanic Verschärfung===
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| ===Long Diphthong Extension===
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| ===Glide Deletion===
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| ===Deletion of Final Unstressed /a/===
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| ===Diphthong Changes===
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| ==Historical Sound Changes from Old to Middle Gutish (ca. 800-1200a.d.)==
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| ===Rejection of Greek Fricatives===
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| ===Rhotacism===
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| ===Stressed Long Vowel Raising===
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| ===Vowel Tensing===
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| ===Deletion and Assimilation of /h/===
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| ===Palatalisation & Affrication===
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| ===Unstressed Vowel Reduction and Deletion===
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| ==Historical Sound Changes from Middle to Classical Gutish (ca. 1200-1600a.d.)==
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| ===Unstressed Vowel Reduction and Deletion===
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| ===Unpacking===
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| ===Deletion of /b,f/===
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| ===Deletion of /g/ between Nasals===
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