User:MIGUELbM/Muna v2.8: Difference between revisions
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==Nouns== | ==Nouns== | ||
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="" | |||
|+'''Affixes''' | |||
|- | |||
! colspan="2" |Function | |||
!Use | |||
|- | |||
| rowspan="2" style="width:60px" | Number | |||
| style="width:100px" | Singulative | |||
| style="width:480px" | Indicates a single instance of a mass noun | |||
|- | |||
|Plural<br />Plurative | |||
|Indicates multiple instances of countable and mass nouns | |||
|- | |||
| rowspan="8" | Cases | |||
|Nominative | |||
|Indicates the agent of a verb | |||
|- | |||
|Absolutive | |||
|Indicates the direct object of a verb | |||
|- | |||
|Genitive | |||
|Indicates relationship or possesion | |||
|- | |||
|Dative<br />Benefactive | |||
|Indicates the indirect object of a sentence or the beneficiary of the action | |||
|- | |||
|Instrumental | |||
|Indicates an instrument or tool used to perform the action | |||
|- | |||
|Comitative | |||
|With something | |||
|- | |||
|Abessive | |||
|Without something | |||
|- | |||
|Locative | |||
|Indicates place or time of the action | |||
|} | |||
==Verbs== | ==Verbs== | ||
===Tenses=== | {| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center;" | ||
|+'''Tenses''' | |||
|- | |||
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | |||
! colspan="4"| Second affix | |||
|- | |||
! style="width:120px" | None | |||
! style="width:120px" | Past | |||
! style="width:120px" | Present | |||
! style="width:120px" | Future | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan="4" style="width:60px" | First<br />affix | |||
! style="width:60px" | None | |||
|Gnomic | |||
|Past perfective | |||
|Present perfective | |||
|Future perfective | |||
|- | |||
!Past | |||
|Past perfective | |||
|Past retrospective<br />Distant past | |||
|Past continuous | |||
|Past prospective | |||
|- | |||
!Present | |||
|Present perfective | |||
|Present retrospective | |||
|Present continuous | |||
|Present prospective | |||
|- | |||
!Future | |||
|Future perfective | |||
|Future retrospective | |||
|Future continuous | |||
|Future prospective<br />Distant future | |||
|} | |||
==Particles== | ==Particles== |
Revision as of 17:52, 4 March 2015
Phonology
Phonemic Inventory
Consonants | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Labial | Coronal | Dorsal | Glottal | |
Nasal | m | n | [ŋ] | |
Stop | p | t | k | [ʔ] |
Fricative | f β | s ð | ɣ | h [ɦ] |
Flap or tap | ɾ | |||
Lateral app. | l |
Consonants between brackets are only allophonic.
Vowel Inventory
Front | Near- front | Central | Near- back | Back | ||
Close |
| |||||
Near-close | ||||||
Close-mid | ||||||
Mid | ||||||
Open-mid | ||||||
Near-open | ||||||
Open |
Syllable Structure
(C1)V(C2)
- C1: a consonant other than /ɾ l s n/
- C2: one of /ɾ l s n/
- V: a vowel
Allophony
- [n] assimilate in place of articulation to following consonants
- [h] become voiced [ɦ] between voiced vowels
- [ə̥] are assimilated into aspiration after stops [p t k]
- [ə̥] become [ʔ] word-initially
- [ə̥] become [ɦ] between vowels
Orthography
Romanization | |
---|---|
Phoneme | Grapheme |
m | m |
n | n |
p | p |
t | t |
k | k |
f | f |
β | b |
s | s |
ð | d |
ɣ | g |
h | h |
ɾ | r |
l | l |
a | a |
e | e |
i | i |
o | o |
u | u |
ə̥ | ' |
Nouns
Function | Use | |
---|---|---|
Number | Singulative | Indicates a single instance of a mass noun |
Plural Plurative |
Indicates multiple instances of countable and mass nouns | |
Cases | Nominative | Indicates the agent of a verb |
Absolutive | Indicates the direct object of a verb | |
Genitive | Indicates relationship or possesion | |
Dative Benefactive |
Indicates the indirect object of a sentence or the beneficiary of the action | |
Instrumental | Indicates an instrument or tool used to perform the action | |
Comitative | With something | |
Abessive | Without something | |
Locative | Indicates place or time of the action |
Verbs
Second affix | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
None | Past | Present | Future | ||
First affix |
None | Gnomic | Past perfective | Present perfective | Future perfective |
Past | Past perfective | Past retrospective Distant past |
Past continuous | Past prospective | |
Present | Present perfective | Present retrospective | Present continuous | Present prospective | |
Future | Future perfective | Future retrospective | Future continuous | Future prospective Distant future |
Particles
Numbers
Morphosyntax
It's an active-stative language
Main word order is VSO, tends to be head initial.
Relative clauses