User:MIGUELbM/Muna v2.8: Difference between revisions

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=== '''Adjectives and Adverbs''' ===


=== '''Adpositions''' ===
=== '''Adpositions''' ===
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=== '''Derivation''' ===
=== '''Derivation''' ===
==== '''Verbs''' ====
==== '''Nouns''' ====
==== '''Adjectives''' ====
==== '''Adverbs''' ====


== Syntax ==
== Syntax ==

Revision as of 17:36, 9 March 2015

Phonology

Inventory

Consonants

Labial Coronal Dorsal Glottal
Nasal m n
Stop p t k
Fricative f β s ð ɣ h
Flap ɾ
Lateral l

Vowels

Front Central Back
Close i iː u uː
Mid e eː ə̥ o oː
Open a aː

Phonotactics

Syllable structure

(C1)V(C2)

  • C1: Any consonant or one of /pɾ tɾ kɾ βɾ ðɾ ɣɾ/
  • C2: One of /n s ɾ l/
  • V: Any vowel

Consonant Clusters

pɾ tɾ kɾ βɾ ðɾ ɣɾ m p t k f h β ð ɣ n s ɾ l
n npɾ ntɾ nkɾ nβɾ nðɾ nɣɾ nm np nt nk nf nh nβ nð nɣ - ns - -
s spɾ ntɾ nkɾ sβɾ sðɾ sɣɾ sm sp st sk sf sh sβ sð sɣ sn - - sl
ɾ ɾpɾ ɾtɾ ɾkɾ ɾβɾ ɾðɾ ɾɣɾ ɾm ɾp ɾt ɾk ɾf ɾh ɾβ ɾð ɾɣ ɾn ɾs ɾɾ ɾl
l lpɾ ltɾ lkɾ lβɾ lðɾ lɣɾ lm lp lt lk lf lh lβ lð lɣ ln ls - -

Stress

Allophony

  • Voiced fricatives [β ð ɣ] become voiced stops [b d g] before [ɾ]
  • [n] assimilate in place of articulation to following consonants [m n ŋ ɴ]
  • [h] become voiced [ɦ] between voiced vowels
  • [ə̥] are assimilated into aspiration after stops [p t k]
  • [ə̥] become [ʔ] word-initially
  • [ə̥] become [ɦ] between vowels
  • [ɾɾ] are realized as [r]

Ortography

Script

Monograph syllables
' a e i o u
∅
m
n
p
t
k
b
d
g
f
s
h
r
l
Diacritic syllables
' a e i o u
pr
tr
kr
br
dr
gr
Single consonants
n
s
r
l

Romanization

Phoneme Grapheme
Consonants
m m
n n
p p
t t
k k
f f
β b
s s
ð d
ɣ g
h h
ɾ r
l l
Vowels
a a
e e
i i
o o
u u
aː aa
eː ee
iː ii
oː oo
uː uu
ə̥ '

Morphology

Verbs

Tense/Aspect

1st Affix 2nd Affix Tense / Aspect Alternative
None None Gnomic -
Past None Past perfective -
Past Past retrospective Distant past
Present Past continuous -
Future Past prospective -
Present None Present perfective -
Past Present retrospective Near past
Present Present continuous -
Future Present prospective Near future
Future None Future perfective -
Past Future retrospective -
Present Future continuous -
Future Future prospective Distant future

Mood

Type Mood Use
Realis Indicative Factual statement
Irrealis Epistemic Alethic States truth or logical necessity
Potential States probability of something happening
Deductive States something supported by indirect evidence
Deontic Desiderative States internal desire for something
Expectative States external desire for something
Necessitative States internal necessity for something
Directive States external necessity for something
Capacitative States internal ability to do something
Permissive States external ability to do something

Nouns

Case

Case Use
Nominative Marks the agent of a verb
Absolutive Marks the object of a verb
Dative benefactive Marks the indirect object of the verb
Genitive Marks possession of or relation with something
Instrumental Marks an instrument or tool used to carry out the action
Comitative Mark accompaniment of something
Privative Marks the lack of company by something
Locative Marks the location or time of the action

Number

Number Use
Singulative Marks a single object of a mass noun
Plurative Marks multiple instances of countable and mass nouns

Pronouns

Person Number Case
NOM ABS DAT GEN
First Singular
Plural Exclusive
Inclusive
Second Singular
Plural Exclusive
Inclusive
Third Singular
Plural

Determiners

Type Demonstrative Interrogative
Proximal Medial Distal
Object
Manner
Reason
Location
Time

Quantifiers

Type Use
Universal Every option
Existential An unspecified amount of options
Negatory No option
Elective Any option
Alternative A different option

Adpositions

Numerals

Numerals are base 20 with sub-base 5

Derivation

Verbs

Nouns

Adjectives

Adverbs

Syntax

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