Grekelin

Grekelin
A gnújza Grekelénikin
Created by	Aggelos Tselios
Date	2023
Native to	Slovakia, Hungary, Serbia
Ethnicity	Greeks
Native speakers	approx. 50-100 thousand (2023) ({{{date}}})
Language family	Indo-European Hellenic Greek Attic-Ionic Koine Greek Medieval Greek Grekelin
Early forms	Proto-Indo-European Proto-Greek Proto-Grekelin
Standard form	Standard Grekelin
Dialects	Slavic Grekelin Western Grekelin †
Official status
Official language in	Csongrád-Csanád
Regulated by	Grekelin Language Administration

Grekelin (Autoglossonym: A gnujza Grekelenikin, pronounced: /ɑ 'ɣnʊd͡zɑ ɣr̥ɛkɛ'lɛnikin/, lit. "The Grekelin language") is a Hellenic language with strong Hungarian influence. Grekelin split from Medieval Greek around the 12th century with the mass settlement of Hungary by Greek refugees, and has since then split for more than 9 centuries from Greek.

As a related language to Greek, Grekelin shares with Greek multiple features although it remains more conservative than Standard Greek. However the language has become an SOV one (As opposed to most Indo-European languages which are SVO) due to extensive Hungarian influence. It's vocabulary has almost mostly remained Greek however Hungarian words can be found often in the language. Grekelin is the most isolated Hellenic language currently in the entire world, with about 1200 kilometers of language seperation.

Etymology

Grekelin comes from the Urlogrok word *Groko, which means Greek. The suffix -lin comes from Proto-Grekelin "Hellin" which is the ethnonym for the Greeks. Another legend says that Grekelin was a very old Slavic word to describe the Greeks of the Black Sea, during the Kievan Rus times. It appears that the surname Grekelin exists in Ukrainian and Belarusian (Грекелін).

Alphabet and Orthography

The Grekelin alphabet consists of 28 letters, six of which are vowels and 22 are consonants.

Letters of the Grekelin alphabet
Aa (/ɑ/)	Bb (/b/)	Gg (/ɣ/)	Dd (/d/)	Ee (/ɛ/)	Zz (/z)	Yy (/j/)	Ii (/i/)	Kk (/k/)	Ll (/l/)	Mm (/m/)	Nn (/n/)	Οο (/o/)	Pp (/p/)	Rr (/r̥/)	Ss (/s/)	Jj (/d͡ʒ/)	Tt (/t/)	Uu (/ʊ/)	Ff (/pʰ/)	Hh (/kʰ/)	Ww (/v/)

The letters correspond always to their pronunciation. The Grekelin orthography is considered a phonetic, as opposed to deep orthographies like French's.

(Grekelin recently switched from the Greek to the Latin alphabet. For now consider that it's written with both but the Latin is preferred)

In addition, the following digraphs are used within the language:

Digraphs in Grekelin orthography
Ei (When behind a consonant or ο, it makes the /ji/ sound)	Gz (Makes the /ɟkʰ/ sound)	Gg (Makes the /ɡ/ sound)	Zs (Makes the /ʐ/ sound)

The Grekelin orthography was reformed recently, as part of a larger reform within the conlang. As a result, some texts that preexisted on the internet may not comply with the modern form of the language.

Grammar

The grammar of Grekelin is generally very simple and consistent. It is very conservative compared to Greek (Or dialects of it).

1. Grekelin has two articles, a and egy. a becomes e (Remnant of Greek genders) if the subject or object ends with -ή.
2. Grekelin has also lost it's grammatical genders, although traces of it still remain in the language. The loss of articles was seen during the shift to Proto-Grekelin, which did not distinguish inflections as much as Greek, leading to gender endings merging together.
3. Fusional verb inflection for person, number and tense.
4. Grekelin has 4 cases: Nominative, genitive, accusative and vocative. In the Slavic dialect, another case persists (Although different from the one in Proto-Grekelin), the dative case:

Noun declension in Grekelin

Case	Singular	Plural
Nominative	(Ά) γνύjα	(Ά) κεγνύjεκ
Genitive	Γνυjηή	Κεγνυjηήκ
Accusative	Έξ γνύjα	Έξ κεγνύjηηκ
Dative	Γνυjαδύ	Κεγνυjαδύ
Vocative	Ώ γνύjαε	Ώ κεγνύjεκ

Geographic Distribution and Demographics

Grekelin today has about 50 thousand speakers, spread out all across Central Europe. Out of them, 28.000 lived in Hungary, another 16.500 live in Serbia or Greece, and 15.500 live in Slovakia or Ukraine (Carpathia). It forms the majority language in villages of North Banat and some spread out parts of Slovakia and Ukraine. It forms a significant language in Hungary and is also spoken in Greece, primarily from learners. Generally, its speakers are considered of Greek descent or natives of the land they live in, adopting Grekelin as their language. The populations of Serbia and Slovakia speak the Slavic dialect whereas the Hungarian and Greek populations speak the Standard dialect.

Stress

Grekelin does not have any rules on the stress placement. The stress may go on any position unless the final vowel is doubled, where the stress is automatically passed there. The stress may be indicated with an accute accent ('), except for longer vowels which have to use a circumflex. Grekelin has a stress accent, although some users of the Slavic dialect use a pitch accent.

The standard Grekelin dialect makes stressed syllables have longer length, a remnant of the Classical Greek vowel length feature. Slavic Grekelin instead makes all the phonemes have the same length.

Words

Conversation

English (Εκχλέζεκην)	Grekelin (Γρεκελένικην)	Pronunciation (IPA)
Yes	Ne	/nɛː/
No	u	/ʊː/
Hello!	Jzovorzso! (Formal) / Gia! (Informal)	/'d͡ʒoːβor̩ʐo/ /ɣjɑː/
Good morning!	Jzo regzetti!	/d͡zoː r̩ɛ'ɟkʰɛːti/
Good night!	Jzo niktra!	/d͡zoː njk'tr̩ɑː/
Have a nice day!	Eis jodila sei!	/jis 'd͡ʒoːdjlɑ sjɪ/
Goodbye!	Visontlataszra	/visontɭa'tɑːʃr̩a/
Thank you!	Jzommo!
Who?	Pkios?	/pkjoːs/
What?	Ti?	/tiː/
When?	Pothe?	/ˈpoːθɛ/
Where?	Hete	/ˈkʰe'teː/
How?	Pos?	/ˈpoːs/
Why	Jzatie?	/'d͡ʒjaːʈɛ/
Again	Ugra	/ʊɣˈrɑː/
What is your name?	Ti enta a noma sei? / Pos enta a noma sei? (Informal)
My name is...	A noma mei enta ...'
Do you speak English?	Relalite eis egzlezikin?
I do not understand Grekelin.	U megzerto a gnujza Grekelenikin!
Help me!	Woithia!
How much is it?	Poszo enta?	/ˈpoːʃo ɛŋˈtɑː/
The study of Grekelin sharpens the mind.	Mathkiszi Grekelenikii peia a nu kowtoertta.	/'maːθkisi ɣr̩ɛkɛlɛːni'kjiː pjɑː α nʊː koβʈoˈɛːr̩ta/
Where are you from?	Pe ente ejs?	/pɛː ɛːstɛ ɛːks/

Dialects

Grekelin has two dialects, depending on where each is spoken. These are the Slavic and Urlogrockae dialects.

Slavic

The Slavic ("Dialekta Slavin", "/ðʝa'lɛkta sla'vin/" or "/ðʝa'lʲekta slaviŋ/") dialect can be distinguished by some certain features that aren't present in Standard Grekelin:

• Skipping of the verb "to be" (enta) in the present tense (Dawto esta egy wlemini -> Dawto egy wlemini), if the subject can be assumed.
• The letter "u" represents the "ɨ" sound instead of the "u" one, when unstressed.
• Borrow of Slavic words instead of using Grekelin ones (A karka -> A sztulla).
• Preserving the dative case (Eis a mira -> Mirajzdu) (NOTE: The dative case fixes the stress on the last syllable, which must be an u).

The Slavic dialect is spoken fluently in the Vojvodina region of Serbia, where it is flourishing as a local language. It is also spoken by a tiny community living in Slovakia (Jέρνα).

Urlogrockae

The Urlogrockae ("Urlegrekelin", /urle'ɣrɛkelin/ dialect is the one used as the standard language. It's closer to Hungarian when it comes to phonetics but closer to Greek when it comes to orthography. Key features of this dialect, compared to the Slavic one and mainly to other languages like Hungarian and Greek are:

• Skipping the final vowel in pronounciation, if it's a short one (υ or ι).
• "E" does not use the Proto-Grekelin "/eː/" sound but the Urlogrok "/ε/".
• /k/ instead of /s/ as the final letter in the plural.
• Higher effect of soft and hard Tsitakismos (/j/ becomes /d͡ʒ/, /k/ becomes /t͡s/, etc), similar to multiple Greek dialects.
• Many voiceless consonants become voiced when unstressed

Western (Extinct)

A more archaic and richer dialect is Western Grekelin. While not as diversified as the Slavic dialect, it remains a very interesting dialect. Some features include:

1. /o/ becomes /u/ when unstressed
2. Softening of /s/ and /k/ into /ʃ/ and /x/ respectively
3. Preservation of the final /s/ (Which was lost in the other dialects) as a softer /ʃ/, except for the plural: Standard /oˈr̩ɑˑnɑ/ (αυράνα) and Western /oˈr̩ɑˑɳoʃ/ (αυράνοs)
4. Preservation of the dative case (Different from the one in Slavic Grekelin). The dative case of this dialect remains from Attic Greek whereas Slavic Grekelin invented it due to excessive Slavic influence.

This dialect went extinct in the 18th century, being replaced by Standard Grekelin.

Example texts

Basic sentence

English
I would like a coffee and biscuits, thank you.
Grekelin
(Gro) thilko egy kave kia kebiszkotek, jzommo.

Lord's prayer

Πατρηή κεμείκ

είς αυρανά είστασε

είς αγιάσιν ναύμα σεί,

είς ρεπατισμή βασιλέη σεί

είς jηση θήλεμα σεί

είς κχέα άς έςτα είς υρανό.

Δώκχε κεμεί άρτη κεμείκ

κιά σχώρε κεάρματι κεμείκ

αγώ κεςχορύκ κεαρμάτηκ ακχτρήν κεμείκ

κιά ού κοτςιύε κεμεί είς πείρη

Μα λήτροςε κεμεί έξ ροςζηή

Αμήν.

Our Father, who art in heaven,

hallowed be thy name;

thy kingdom come,

thy will be done

on earth as it is in heaven.

Give us this day our daily bread,

and forgive us our sins,

as we forgive those who sin against us;

and lead us not into temptation,

but deliver us from evil.

Amen.