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Tags: Mobile edit Mobile web edit Advanced mobile edit |
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===Orthography=== | ===Orthography=== | ||
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{| class=wikitable style="text-align:center" | |||
|+ Meraner fidel orthography | |||
|- | |||
! Fidel !! Roman. !! IPA | |||
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! colspan="3"| Consonants | |||
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! colspan="3"| Vowels | |||
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--> | |||
====Fidel==== | |||
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" | |||
|- | |||
!IPA (Roman.)!!{{IPA|ɐ}} (ä)!!{{IPA|u}} (u)!!{{IPA|i}} (i)!!{{IPA|a}} (a)!!{{IPA|e}} (e)!!{{IPA|ɨ/-}} (ï/-)!!{{IPA|o}} (o)!!{{IPA|ʷɐ}} (wä)!!{{IPA|ʷi}} (wi)!!{{IPA|ʷa}} (wa)!!{{IPA|ʷe}} (we)!!{{IPA|ʷɨ/ʷ-}} (wï/w-) | |||
|- style="font-size:120%" | |||
! style="font-size:90%"| {{IPA|h}} (h) | |||
|ሀ||ሁ||ሂ||ሃ||ሄ||ህ||ሆ||colspan="6" style="background:#cccccc"| | |||
|- style="font-size:120%" | |||
! style="font-size:90%"| {{IPA|l}} (l) | |||
|ለ||ሉ||ሊ||ላ||ሌ||ል||ሎ||colspan="2" style="background:#cccccc"| ||ሏ||colspan="2" style="background:#cccccc"| | |||
|- style="font-size:120%" | |||
! style="font-size:90%"| {{IPA|h}} (h) | |||
|ሐ||ሑ||ሒ||ሓ||ሔ||ሕ||ሖ||colspan="2" style="background:#cccccc"| ||ሗ||colspan="2" style="background:#cccccc"| | |||
|- style="font-size:120%" | |||
! style="font-size:90%"| {{IPA|m}} (m) | |||
|መ||ሙ||ሚ||ማ||ሜ||ም||ሞ||colspan="2" style="background:#cccccc"| ||ሟ||colspan="2" style="background:#cccccc"| | |||
|- style="font-size:120%" | |||
! style="font-size:90%"| {{IPA|s}} (s) | |||
|ሠ||ሡ||ሢ||ሣ||ሤ||ሥ||ሦ||colspan="2" style="background:#cccccc"| ||ሧ||colspan="2" style="background:#cccccc"| | |||
|- style="font-size:120%" | |||
! style="font-size:90%"| {{IPA|r}} (r) | |||
|ረ||ሩ||ሪ||ራ||ሬ||ር||ሮ||colspan="2" style="background:#cccccc"| ||ሯ||colspan="2" style="background:#cccccc"| | |||
|- style="font-size:120%" | |||
! style="font-size:90%"| {{IPA|s}} (s) | |||
|ሰ||ሱ||ሲ||ሳ||ሴ||ስ||ሶ||colspan="2" style="background:#cccccc"| ||ሷ||colspan="2" style="background:#cccccc"| | |||
|- style="font-size:120%" | |||
! style="font-size:90%"| {{IPA|ʃ}} (sh) | |||
|ሸ||ሹ||ሺ||ሻ||ሼ||ሽ||ሾ||colspan="2" style="background:#cccccc"| ||ሿ||colspan="2" style="background:#cccccc"| | |||
|- style="font-size:120%" | |||
<!-- | |||
! style="font-size:90%"| {{IPA|ʂ}} | |||
|ⶠ||ⶡ||ⶢ||ⶣ||ⶤ||ⶥ||ⶦ||colspan="2" style="background:#cccccc"| ||ⶣ||colspan="2" style="background:#cccccc"| | |||
|- style="font-size:120%" | |||
--> | |||
! style="font-size:90%"| {{IPA|kʼ}} (q) | |||
|ቀ||ቁ||ቂ||ቃ||ቄ||ቅ||ቆ||ቈ||ቊ||ቋ||ቌ||ቍ | |||
|- style="font-size:120%" | |||
<!-- | |||
! style="font-size:90%"| {{IPA|ʁ}} | |||
|ቐ||ቑ||ቒ||ቓ||ቔ||ቕ||ቖ||ቘ||ቚ||ቛ||ቜ||ቝ | |||
|- style="font-size:120%" | |||
--> | |||
! style="font-size:90%"| {{IPA|b}} (b) | |||
|በ||ቡ||ቢ||ባ||ቤ||ብ||ቦ||colspan="2" style="background:#cccccc"| ||ቧ||colspan="2" style="background:#cccccc"| | |||
|- style="font-size:120%" | |||
! style="font-size:90%"| {{IPA|v}} (v) | |||
|ቨ||ቩ||ቪ||ቫ||ቬ||ቭ||ቮ||colspan="2" style="background:#cccccc"| ||ቯ||colspan="2" style="background:#cccccc"| | |||
|- style="font-size:120%" | |||
! style="font-size:90%"| {{IPA|t}} (t) | |||
|ተ||ቱ||ቲ||ታ||ቴ||ት||ቶ||colspan="2" style="background:#cccccc"| ||ቷ||colspan="2" style="background:#cccccc"| | |||
|- style="font-size:120%" | |||
! style="font-size:90%"| {{IPA|t͡ʃ}} (c) | |||
|ቸ||ቹ||ቺ||ቻ||ቼ||ች||ቾ||colspan="2" style="background:#cccccc"| ||ቿ||colspan="2" style="background:#cccccc"| | |||
|- style="font-size:120%" | |||
<!-- | |||
! style="font-size:90%"| {{IPA|ʈʰ}} | |||
|ⶨ||ⶩ||ⶪ||ⶫ||ⶬ||ⶭ||ⶮ||colspan="2" style="background:#cccccc"| ||ⶨ||colspan="2" style="background:#cccccc"| | |||
|- style="font-size:120%" | |||
--> | |||
! style="font-size:90%"| {{IPA|h}} (h) | |||
|ኀ||ኁ||ኂ||ኃ||ኄ||ኅ||ኆ||ኈ||ኊ||ኋ||ኌ||ኍ | |||
|- style="font-size:120%" | |||
! style="font-size:90%"| {{IPA|n}} (n) | |||
|ነ||ኑ||ኒ||ና||ኔ||ን||ኖ||colspan="2" style="background:#cccccc"| ||ኗ||colspan="2" style="background:#cccccc"| | |||
|- style="font-size:120%" | |||
! style="font-size:90%"| {{IPA|ɲ}} (ny) | |||
|ኘ||ኙ||ኚ||ኛ||ኜ||ኝ||ኞ||colspan="2" style="background:#cccccc"| ||ኟ||colspan="2" style="background:#cccccc"| | |||
|- style="font-size:120%" | |||
! style="font-size:90%"| {{IPA|ʔ}} (') | |||
|አ<!--(ኧ)-->||ኡ||ኢ||ኣ||ኤ||እ||ኦ||colspan="6" style="background:#cccccc"| | |||
|- style="font-size:120%" | |||
! style="font-size:90%"| {{IPA|k}} (k) | |||
|ከ||ኩ||ኪ||ካ||ኬ||ክ||ኮ||ኰ||ኲ||ኳ||ኴ||ኵ | |||
|- style="font-size:120%" | |||
! style="font-size:90%"| {{IPA|x}} (kh) | |||
|ኸ||ኹ||ኺ||ኻ||ኼ||ኽ||ኾ||ዀ||ዂ||ዃ||ዄ||ዅ | |||
|- style="font-size:120%" | |||
! style="font-size:90%"| {{IPA|w}} (w) | |||
|ወ||ዉ||ዊ||ዋ||ዌ||ው||ዎ||colspan="6" style="background:#cccccc"| | |||
|- style="font-size:120%" | |||
! style="font-size:90%"| {{IPA|ʔ}} (') | |||
|ዐ||ዑ||ዒ||ዓ||ዔ||ዕ||ዖ||colspan="6" style="background:#cccccc"| | |||
|- style="font-size:120%" | |||
! style="font-size:90%"| {{IPA|z}} (z) | |||
|ዘ||ዙ||ዚ||ዛ||ዜ||ዝ||ዞ||colspan="2" style="background:#cccccc"| ||ዟ||colspan="2" style="background:#cccccc"| | |||
|- style="font-size:120%" | |||
! style="font-size:90%"| {{IPA|ʒ}} (zh) | |||
|ዠ||ዡ||ዢ||ዣ||ዤ||ዥ||ዦ||colspan="2" style="background:#cccccc"| ||ዧ||colspan="2" style="background:#cccccc"| | |||
|- style="font-size:120%" | |||
<!-- | |||
! style="font-size:90%"| {{IPA|ʒ}} | |||
|ⶰ||ⶱ||ⶲ||ⶳ||ⶴ||ⶵ||ⶶ||colspan="2" style="background:#cccccc"| ||ⶳ||colspan="2" style="background:#cccccc"| | |||
|- style="font-size:120%" | |||
--> | |||
! style="font-size:90%"| {{IPA|j}} (y) | |||
|የ||ዩ||ዪ||ያ||ዬ||ይ||ዮ||colspan="6" style="background:#cccccc"| | |||
|- style="font-size:120%" | |||
! style="font-size:90%"| {{IPA|d}} (d) | |||
|ደ||ዱ||ዲ||ዳ||ዴ||ድ||ዶ||colspan="2" style="background:#cccccc"| ||ዷ||colspan="2" style="background:#cccccc"| | |||
|- style="font-size:120%" | |||
! style="font-size:90%"| {{IPA|d͡ʒ}} (j) | |||
|ጀ||ጁ||ጂ||ጃ||ጄ||ጅ||ጆ||colspan="2" style="background:#cccccc"| ||ጇ||colspan="2" style="background:#cccccc"| | |||
|- style="font-size:120%" | |||
<!-- | |||
! style="font-size:90%"| {{IPA|ɖ}} | |||
|ዸ||ዹ||ዺ||ዻ||ዼ||ዽ||ዾ||colspan="2" style="background:#cccccc"| ||ዿ||colspan="2" style="background:#cccccc"| | |||
|- style="font-size:120%" | |||
--> | |||
! style="font-size:90%"| {{IPA|ɡ}} (g) | |||
|ገ||ጉ||ጊ||ጋ||ጌ||ግ||ጎ||ጐ||ጒ||ጓ||ጔ||ጕ | |||
|- style="font-size:120%" | |||
<!-- | |||
! style="font-size:90%"| {{IPA|ŋ}} | |||
|ጘ||ጙ||ጚ||ጛ||ጜ||ጝ||ጞ||ⶓ||ⶔ||ጟ||ⶕ||ⶖ | |||
|- style="font-size:120%" | |||
--> | |||
! style="font-size:90%"| {{IPA|tʼ}} (th) | |||
|ጠ||ጡ||ጢ||ጣ||ጤ||ጥ||ጦ||colspan="2" style="background:#cccccc"| ||ጧ||colspan="2" style="background:#cccccc"| | |||
|- style="font-size:120%" | |||
! style="font-size:90%"| {{IPA|t͡ʃʼ}} (ch) | |||
|ጨ||ጩ||ጪ||ጫ||ጬ||ጭ||ጮ||colspan="2" style="background:#cccccc"| ||ጯ||colspan="2" style="background:#cccccc"| | |||
|- style="font-size:120%" | |||
<!-- | |||
! style="font-size:90%"| {{IPA|ʈʼ}} | |||
|ⶸ||ⶹ||ⶺ||ⶻ||ⶼ||ⶽ||ⶾ||colspan="2" style="background:#cccccc"| ||ጯ||colspan="2" style="background:#cccccc"| | |||
|- style="font-size:120%" | |||
--> | |||
! style="font-size:90%"| {{IPA|pʼ}} (ph) | |||
|ጰ||ጱ||ጲ||ጳ||ጴ||ጵ||ጶ||colspan="2" style="background:#cccccc"| ||ጷ||colspan="2" style="background:#cccccc"| | |||
|- style="font-size:120%" | |||
! style="font-size:90%"| {{IPA|t͡sʼ}} (ts) | |||
|ጸ||ጹ||ጺ||ጻ||ጼ||ጽ||ጾ||colspan="2" style="background:#cccccc"| ||ጿ||colspan="2" style="background:#cccccc"| | |||
|- style="font-size:120%" | |||
! style="font-size:90%"| {{IPA|t͡sʼ}} (ts) | |||
|ፀ||ፁ||ፂ||ፃ||ፄ||ፅ||ፆ||colspan="6" style="background:#cccccc"| | |||
|- style="font-size:120%" | |||
! style="font-size:90%"| {{IPA|f}} (f) | |||
|ፈ||ፉ||ፊ||ፋ||ፌ||ፍ||ፎ||colspan="2" style="background:#cccccc"| ||ፏ||colspan="2" style="background:#cccccc"| | |||
|- style= "font-size:120%" | |||
! style="font-size:90%"| {{IPA|p}} (p) | |||
|ፐ||ፑ||ፒ||ፓ||ፔ||ፕ||ፖ||colspan="2" style="background:#cccccc"| ||ፗ||colspan="2" style="background:#cccccc"| | |||
|- | |||
!IPA (Roman.)!!{{IPA|ɐ}} (ä)!!{{IPA|u}} (u)!!{{IPA|i}} (i)!!{{IPA|a}} (a)!!{{IPA|e}} (e)!!{{IPA|ɨ/-}} (ï/-)!!{{IPA|o}} (o)!!{{IPA|ʷɐ}} (wä)!!{{IPA|ʷi}} (wi)!!{{IPA|ʷa}} (wa)!!{{IPA|ʷe}} (we)!!{{IPA|ʷɨ/ʷ-}} (wï/w-) | |||
|} | |||
===Consonants=== | ===Consonants=== | ||
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Derivational morphology | Derivational morphology | ||
--> | --> | ||
===Nouns=== | |||
The plural of nouns is formed with the suffix ''-(ï)s''. | |||
<!-- | |||
The marked accusative is formed with the ending ''-(ï)n''.--> | |||
Definiteness is marked with the suffix ''-to'' (masculine) or ''-ta'' (feminine). | |||
===Pronouns=== | ===Pronouns=== | ||
{| class=wikitable style="text-align:center" | {| class=wikitable style="text-align:center" | ||
|+ Meraner personal pronouns | |+ Meraner personal pronouns | ||
! !! Independent !! | ! !! Independent !! Clitic object !! Clitic possessive !! Reflexive | ||
|- | |- | ||
! 1S | ! 1S | ||
| | | እሜ ''ïme'' | ||
| -ም ''-m'' | |||
| -ሜ ''-me'' | |||
| ሜልሜ ''melme'' | |||
|- | |- | ||
! 2S | ! 2S | ||
| | | እሴ ''ïse'' | ||
| -ስ ''-s'' | |||
| -ሴ ''-se'' | |||
| ሜልሴ ''melse'' | |||
|- | |- | ||
! 3SM | ! 3SM | ||
| hutu | | ሁቱ ''hutu'' | ||
| -ቶ ''-to'' | |||
| -ቱ ''-tu'' | |||
| ሜልቱ ''meltu'' | |||
|- | |- | ||
! 3SF | ! 3SF | ||
| hute | | ሁቴ ''hute'' | ||
| -ታ ''-ta'' | |||
| -ቴ ''-te'' | |||
| ሜልቴ ''melte'' | |||
|- | |- | ||
! 1P | ! 1P | ||
| | | እሚን ''ïmin'' | ||
| -ማስ ''-mas'' | |||
| -ሚን ''-min'' | |||
| ሜልሚን ''melmin'' | |||
|- | |- | ||
! 2P | ! 2P | ||
| | | እሲን ''ïsin'' | ||
| -ሳስ ''-sas'' | |||
| -ሲን ''-sin'' | |||
| ሜልሲን ''melsin'' | |||
|- | |- | ||
! 3P | ! 3P | ||
| huton | | ሁቶን ''huton'' | ||
| -ታን ''-tas'' | |||
| -ቶን ''-ton'' | |||
| ሜልቶን ''melton'' | |||
|- | |- | ||
|} | |} | ||
===Numerals=== | |||
{| class=wikitable style="text-align:center" | |||
|+ Meraner numerals | |||
! # !! Cardinal | |||
|- | |||
! 0 | |||
| ዜሮ ''zero'' | |||
|- | |||
! 1 | |||
| ህን ''hïn'' | |||
|- | |||
! 2 | |||
| ጆ ''jo'' | |||
|- | |||
! 3 | |||
| ትሪ ''tri'' | |||
|- | |||
! 4 | |||
| ጠስር ''thässïr'' | |||
|- | |||
! 5 | |||
| ፐንጥ ''pänth'' | |||
|- | |||
! 6 | |||
| ህግስ ''hïgs'' | |||
|- | |||
! 7 | |||
| ህብጣ ''hïbtha'' | |||
|- | |||
! 8 | |||
| ኦግጦ ''ogtho'' | |||
|- | |||
! 9 | |||
| እኛ ''ïnya'' | |||
|- | |||
! 10 | |||
| ደቃ ''däqa'' | |||
|- | |||
|} | |||
* Ordinal numbers are formed with the suffix ''-to''. | |||
===Verbs=== | |||
==Syntax== | ==Syntax== | ||
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