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{{ | {{Infobox language | ||
'''Sohcahtoan'''(外事語, ''sō-kato-gū'' | | name = Sohcahtoan | ||
| nativename = 外事語 | |||
| pronunciation = ˈsoːkatogɯː | |||
| pronunciation_key = IPA for Sohcahtoan | |||
| state = Sohcahtoa | |||
| created = 2022 | |||
| creator = User:Jukethatbox | |||
| familycolor = Altaic | |||
| speakers = 26 million | |||
| date = 2023 | |||
| fam2 = [[w:Japonic languages|Japonic]] | |||
| fam3 = ''part.'' Ryukyuan | |||
| fam4 = Sohcahtoic | |||
| stand1 = Standard dialect(標準方言) | |||
| dia1 = Yū-mage dialect(王町方言) | |||
| dia2 = Tugu dialect(蛸方言) | |||
| dia3 = Pakū dialect(拍方言) | |||
| dia4 = Nānpa-semā dialect(長島方言) | |||
| ancestor = [[Ancient Sohcahtoan]] | |||
| script1 = Jpan | |||
| script2 = Latn | |||
| agency = Sohcahtoan Ministry of Linguistic Regulation | |||
| nation = Republic of Sohcahtoa | |||
| minority = Japan | |||
| notice = IPA | |||
}} | |||
'''Sohcahtoan'''(外事語, ''sō-kato-gū'' <small>Sohcahtoan:</small> [[IPA for Sohcahtoan|[ˈsoːkatogɯː]]]) is a [[w:Japonic languages|Japonic]] conlang spoken on the fictional island of Sohcahtoa. Its phonology, lexical base and grammar are all firmly Japonic, although more recently loanwords from other languages such as Portuguese(ッアスカ,'' 'asuka''([ˈʔasɯka]) from Portuguese ''açúcar'', meaning "sugar") and modern Japanese(共和国, ''kū-a-gugeō''([ˈkɯːagɯgeoː]) from Japanese 共和国, ''kyōwakoku'', meaning "republic"). | |||
===Orthography=== | |||
Modern Sohcahtoan uses all three scripts used in the Japanese language today: [[w:Hiragana|Hiragana]], [[w:Katakana|Katakana]] and [[w:Kanji|Kanji]], and each script more of less retain their original purpose as in Japanese. However, some hiragana are pronounced differently than in Japanese, most notably ⟨を⟩ being pronounced [(w)o] in Japanese and [oː] in Sohcahtoan, and ⟨は⟩ being pronounced [ha] or [wa] in Japanese and [aː] in Sohcahtoan. | |||
Additionally, while Japanese kanji have two ways to read a kanji(''onyomi'' and ''kunyomi''), Sohcahtoan kanji have only one way to read a kanji, usually corresponding to its Japanese ''onyomi''. | |||
===Consonants=== | ===Consonants=== | ||
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" | {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" | ||
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| colspan="2" | | | colspan="2" | | ||
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless velar stop|k]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced velar stop|ɡ]] | | style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless velar stop|k]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced velar stop|ɡ]] | ||
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w: | | style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Glottal stop|ʔ]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
! [[w:Affricate consonant|Affricate]] | ! [[w:Affricate consonant|Affricate]] | ||
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|- | |- | ||
! [[w:Open vowel|Open]] | ! [[w:Open vowel|Open]] | ||
| colspan="2" | | colspan="2" | [[w:Open front unrounded vowel|a]] || || | ||
|} | |} | ||
All vowels in Sohcahtoan(except [i]) have elongated versions, those being ''ō''([oː]), ''ā''([aː]), ''ē''([eː]) and ''ū''([ɯː]). | All vowels in Sohcahtoan(except [i]) have elongated versions, those being ''ō''([oː]), ''ā''([aː]), ''ē''([eː]) and ''ū''([ɯː]). | ||
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===Prosody=== | ===Prosody=== | ||
====Stress==== | ====Stress==== | ||
Sohcahtoan is a [[w:Stress (linguistics)|prototonic]] language, meaning that linguistic stress is placed on the first syllable of a word. This feature is from [[Ancient Sohcahtoan]]. | |||
===Phonotactics=== | ===Phonotactics=== | ||
Syllables in Sohcahtoan follow the form of '''(C)V''' as in Japanese. This contrasts with the [[Ancient Sohcahtoan]] pattern of '''(C)V(C)'''. | |||
==Morphology== | ==Morphology== | ||
Most words in Sohcahtoan originate in [[Ancient Sohcahtoan]](see [[Ancient Sohcahtoan#Examples|here]] for examples), which itself descends from Proto-Japonic. More recent words, such as "coffee", "sugar" and "computer" are loanwords from Portuguese. | |||
==Syntax== | ==Syntax== | ||
Ancient Sohcahtoan and modern [[Sohcahtoan]] both have very similar grammar to [[w:Japanese language|Japanese]]. | |||
===Constituent order=== | ===Constituent order=== | ||
Ancient Sohcahtoan uses an '''S-O-V'''(subject-object-verb) format as in Japanese, however when asking a question the language uses a '''V-O-S'''(verb-object-subject) structure, e.g. ''ānu ā bōru ka adosata''(犬はボールかあどさた, The dog has a ball) and ''Adosata ka bōru ānu?''(あどさたかボール犬？, does the dog have a ball?) | |||
===Noun phrase=== | ===Noun phrase=== | ||
: ''ānu''(犬) | |||
: dog-<small>NOM</small> | |||
Sohcahtoan, like Japanese, doesn't have a word for "the", unless you are also specifying the '''location''' of something, e.g. if you wanted to say "the dog", it would be simply "ānu"(犬literally "dog"), but if you wanted to say "this dog" or "that cat" it would be "げん犬"(gen inu) or "がん猫"(gan nero) respectively. | |||
===Sentence phrase=== | ===Sentence phrase=== | ||
: ''ēshi ā kosa ō chigarā''(牛は草を食らー) | |||
< | : cow <small>TOP</small> grass <small>OBJ</small> eat | ||
In this sentence, ''[[Contionary:ēshi|ēshi]]''(牛 cow, oxen) is the subject, ''[[Contionary:kosa|kosa]]''(草 grass) is the object and ''[[Contionary:chigarā|chigarā]]''(食らー to eat, to consume) is the verb. | |||
==Example texts== | ==Example texts== | ||
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[[Category:Sohcahtoan]] | [[Category:Sohcahtoan]] | ||
[[Category:Altaic languages]] | |||
[[Category:Japonic languages]] | |||
[[Category:Sohcahtoic languages]] | |||
[[Category:Languages]] | [[Category:Languages]] | ||
[[Category:Conlangs]] | [[Category:Conlangs]] | ||