Barakhinei: Difference between revisions

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(Created page with "{{stub}} {{Infobox language | name = Barakhinei | nativename = Barakhinei | creator = Mark Rosenfelder | created = 1999(?) | setting = Almea | state = Barakhún, Mútkün, Hroth | familycolor = Afro-Asiatic | fam1 = Eastern | fam2 = Central | fam3 = Cad'inor | dia1 = Western(''têl rhu'') | dia2 = Central(''êrrê rhu'') | dia3 = Southern(''âr rhu'') | notice = IPA }} '''Barakhinei''' is a language created by [https://www.zompist.com/ Mark Rosenfelder], the creator of [...")
 
 
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==Phonology==
==Phonology==
===Orthography===
===Orthography===
[[File:Modern Barakhinei alphabet.gif|500px|center]]
Barakhinei uses its own alphabet, that is derived from the [[Cad'inor]] alphabet. The modern orthography is adapted from the mountain alphabet that was used during the Dark Ages, when paper and ink fell out of fashion and instead writing was restricted to carving on stone and wood.
===Consonants===
===Consonants===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Consonant phonemes
|-
!
! colspan="2" | [[w:Labial consonant|Labial]]
! colspan="2" | [[w:Dental consonant|Dental]]
! colspan="2" | [[w:Alveolar consonant|Alveolar]]
! colspan="2" | [[w:Postalveolar consonant|Post-<br>alveolar]]/<br>[[w:Palatal consonant|palatal]]
! colspan="2" | [[w:Velar consonant|Velar]]
! colspan="2" | [[w:Uvular consonant|Uvular]]
! colspan="2" | [[w:Glottal consonant|Glottal]]
|-
! [[w:Nasal consonant|Nasal]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced bilabial nasal|m]]
| colspan="2" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar nasal|n]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced palatal nasal|ɲ]]
| colspan="2" |
| colspan="2" |
| colspan="2" |
|-
! [[w:Stop consonant|Stop]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless bilabial stop|p]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced bilabial stop|b]]
| colspan="2" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless alveolar stop|t]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar stop|d]]
| colspan="2" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | &nbsp;[[w:Voiceless velar stop|k]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced velar stop|ɡ]]
| colspan="2" |
| colspan="2" |
|-
! [[w:Trill consonant|Trill]]
| colspan="2" |
| colspan="2" |
| style="border-right: 0;" |  || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar trill|r]]
| colspan="2" |
| colspan="2" |
| style="border-right: 0;" |  || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced uvular trill|ʀ]]
| colspan="2" |
|-
! [[w:Affricate consonant|Affricate]]
| colspan="2" |
| style="border-right: 0;" |  || style="border-left: 0;" |
| colspan="2" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless palato-alveolar affricate|t͡ʃ]] || style="border-left: 0;" |
| colspan="2" |
| colspan="2" |
| colspan="2" |
|-
! [[w:fricative consonant|Fricative]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless labiodental fricative|f]] || style="border-left:0;" | [[w:Voiced labiodental fricative|v]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless dental fricative|θ]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced dental fricative|ð]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless alveolar sibilant|s]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar sibilant|z]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless palato-alveolar fricative|ʃ]] || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless velar fricative|x]] || style="border-left: 0;" |
| colspan="2" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless glottal fricative|h]] || style="border-left: 0;" |
|-
! [[w:Approximant consonant|Approximant]]
| colspan="2" |
| colspan="2" |
| colspan="2" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced palatal approximant|j]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| colspan="2" |
| colspan="2" |
|-
! [[w:Lateral consonant|Lateral]]
| colspan="2" |
| colspan="2" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar lateral approximant|l]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced palatal lateral approximant|ʎ]]
| colspan="2" |
| colspan="2" |
| colspan="2" |
|}
===Vowels===
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Vowel phonemes
|-
! !! colspan="2" | [[w:Front vowel|Front]] !! [[w:Near-front vowel|Near-front]] !! [[w:Near-back vowel|Near-back]] !! [[w:Back vowel|Back]]
|-
! [[w:Close vowel|Close]]
| style="border-right:0;"| [[w:Close front unrounded vowel|i]] || style="border-left:0;"| [[w:Close front rounded vowel|y]] || || || [[w:Close back rounded vowel|u]]
|-
! [[w:Near-close vowel|Near-close]]
| colspan="2"| || [[w:Near-close near-front unrounded vowel|ɪ]] || [[w:Near-close near-back rounded vowel|ʊ]] ||
|-
! [[w:Close-mid vowel|Close-mid]]
| style="border-right:0;"| [[w:Close-mid front unrounded vowel|e]] || style="border-left:0;"| [[w:Close-mid front rounded vowel|ø]] || || || [[w:Close-mid back rounded vowel|o]]
|-
! [[w:Open-mid vowel|Open-mid]]
| colspan="2"| [[w:Open-mid front unrounded vowel|ε]] || || || [[w:Open-mid back rounded vowel|ɔ]]
|-
! [[w:Open vowel|Open]]
| colspan="2" | [[w:Open front unrounded vowel|a]] || || || [[w:Open back unrounded vowel|ɑ]]
|}


===Vowels===
===Prosody===
===Prosody===
====Stress====
====Stress====
====Intonation====
In Barakhinei, stress usually falls on the last closed syllable, e.g. ''ov'''o'''ri'', ''kal'''e'''n'', ''cham'''o'''r'', '''''a'''nu''. Words that dont fit this rule are labeled in the lexicon.
=====Additional rules=====
* Epenthetic vowels are not stressed(e.g. ''ch'''i'''tor'', ''er'''ê'''sûl'')
* Roots ending in ''-l'', ''-kh'', or ''-th'' are usually not stressed('''''ê'''shtôl'', ''d'''o'''rôth'', '''''e'''zarkh'')
* The derivational suffixes ''-nor'', ''-il'', ''-el'', diminutive ''-ek'', and the ''-dêsht'' in powers of ten are never stressed(''ek'''u'''nor'', ''il'''a'''dil'', '''''ê'''ndel'', ''h'''e'''dêsht'', ''k'''ê'''ntek'')


===Phonotactics===
===Phonotactics===
<!-- Explain the consonant clusters and vowel clusters that are permissible for use in the language. For example, "st" is an allowed consonant cluster in English while onset "ng" isn't. -->
===Morphophonology===
===Morphophonology===
==Morphology==
==Morphology==
<!-- How do the words in your language look? How do you derive words from others? Do you have cases? Are verbs inflected? Do nouns differ from adjectives? Do adjectives differ from verbs? Etc. -->
===Nouns===
 
====Nominal declensions====
<!-- Here are some example subcategories:
Barakhinei has retained all three genders of [[Cad'inor]](masculine, feminine, neuter) and four of the cases(nominative, accusative, dative, and genitive; only the ablative has been lost), but the accusative and dative merge in the plural.
 
{| class=wikitable style="text-align: center;"
Nouns
! colspan=5 | Masculine
Adjectives
|-
Verbs
! rowspan=2 | nominative
Adverbs
! singular
Particles
| ''eli'' || ''lônd'' || ''âsht'''a'''''
Derivational morphology
|-
 
! plural
-->
| ''eli'''ri''''' || ''lônd'''i''''' || ''âsht'''â'''''
|-
! rowspan=2 | accusative
! singular
| ''eli'' || ''lônd'' || ''âsht''
|-
! plural
| rowspan=2 | ''eli'''rî''''' || rowspan=2 | ''lônd'''î''''' || rowspan=2 | ''âsht'''î'''''
|-
! rowspan=2 | dative
! plural
|-
! singular
| ''eli'''a''''' || ''lônd'''a''''' || ''âsht'''a'''''
|-
! rowspan=2 | genitive
! singular
| ''eli'''o''''' || ''lônd'''o''''' || ''âsht'''o'''''
|-
! plural
| ''eli'''rich''''' || ''lônd'''ich''''' || ''âsht'''ach'''''
|}


==Syntax==
==Syntax==

Latest revision as of 13:43, 4 January 2024

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Barakhinei
Barakhinei
Created byMark Rosenfelder
Date1999(?)
SettingAlmea
Native toBarakhún, Mútkün, Hroth
Eastern
  • Central
    • Cad'inor
      • Barakhinei
Dialects
  • Western(têl rhu)
  • Central(êrrê rhu)
  • Southern(âr rhu)
This article contains IPA phonetic symbols. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Unicode characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help:IPA.

Barakhinei is a language created by Mark Rosenfelder, the creator of Verdurian and the Zompist.com webpage.

Philogically, Barakhinei is in the same language family as Verdurian, Ismaîn and Sarroc. Verdurians apparently consider the language "harsh and primitive", to which, likewise, the Barakhinei consider Verdurians to be "spineless degenerates".

Phonology

Orthography

Modern Barakhinei alphabet.gif

Barakhinei uses its own alphabet, that is derived from the Cad'inor alphabet. The modern orthography is adapted from the mountain alphabet that was used during the Dark Ages, when paper and ink fell out of fashion and instead writing was restricted to carving on stone and wood.

Consonants

Consonant phonemes
Labial Dental Alveolar Post-
alveolar/
palatal 		Velar Uvular Glottal
Nasal m n ɲ
Stop p b t d  k ɡ
Trill r ʀ
Affricate t͡ʃ
Fricative f v θ ð s z ʃ x h
Approximant j
Lateral l ʎ

Vowels

Vowel phonemes
Front Near-front Near-back Back
Close i y u
Near-close ɪ ʊ
Close-mid e ø o
Open-mid ε ɔ
Open a ɑ

Prosody

Stress

In Barakhinei, stress usually falls on the last closed syllable, e.g. ovori, kalen, chamor, anu. Words that dont fit this rule are labeled in the lexicon.

Additional rules
  • Epenthetic vowels are not stressed(e.g. chitor, erêsûl)
  • Roots ending in -l, -kh, or -th are usually not stressed(êshtôl, dorôth, ezarkh)
  • The derivational suffixes -nor, -il, -el, diminutive -ek, and the -dêsht in powers of ten are never stressed(ekunor, iladil, êndel, hedêsht, kêntek)

Phonotactics

Morphophonology

Morphology

Nouns

Nominal declensions

Barakhinei has retained all three genders of Cad'inor(masculine, feminine, neuter) and four of the cases(nominative, accusative, dative, and genitive; only the ablative has been lost), but the accusative and dative merge in the plural.

Masculine
nominative singular eli lônd âshta
plural eliri lôndi âshtâ
accusative singular eli lônd âsht
plural elirî lôndî âshtî
dative plural
singular elia lônda âshta
genitive singular elio lôndo âshto
plural elirich lôndich âshtach

Syntax

Constituent order

Noun phrase

Verb phrase

Sentence phrase

Dependent clauses

Example texts

Other resources

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