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User:Juhhmi/Irbel: Difference between revisions
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Graphemes ''y'' and ''v'' in coda are used to form diphthongs ''ay'' [äɪ̯], ''ey'' [ei̯], ''av'' [ɑʊ̯] and ''ev'' [øy̯] which occur in both open and closed syllables (without or with coda). | Graphemes ''y'' and ''v'' in coda are used to form diphthongs ''ay'' [äɪ̯], ''ey'' [ei̯], ''av'' [ɑʊ̯] and ''ev'' [øy̯] which occur in both open and closed syllables (without or with coda). | ||
*Normally between vowels, ''y'' forms a long semi-vowel [j:] and ''v'' is [w~ɥ] so the diphthong nature has to be indicated by ''h'' after ''y'' or ''v'': ''aya'' [ɑj:ä] (child) vs. ''ayha'' [ | *Normally between vowels, ''y'' forms a long semi-vowel [j:] and ''v'' is [w~ɥ] so the diphthong nature has to be indicated by ''h'' after ''y'' or ''v'': ''aya'' [ɑj:ä] (child) vs. ''ayha'' [äɪ̯hɑ] (to boil). | ||
*Grapheme ''w'' as a lone nucleus represents two diphthongs: word-initially ''w''C or ''wh''V is [ou̯] and word-medially [uʉ̯]. | *Grapheme ''w'' as a lone nucleus represents two diphthongs: word-initially ''w''C or ''wh''V is [ou̯] and word-medially [uʉ̯]. | ||
| Line 239: | Line 239: | ||
|c | |c | ||
|ç | |ç | ||
|ç<sup>1</sup> | |ç<sup>1.</sup> | ||
|- | |- | ||
|x | |x | ||
|x | |x | ||
|* | |* | ||
|*/x<sup>2</sup> | |*/x<sup>2.</sup> | ||
|ç | |ç | ||
|* | |* | ||
| Line 267: | Line 267: | ||
|v | |v | ||
|w | |w | ||
|* | |* | ||
|*<sup>3.</sup> | |||
|ɥ | |ɥ | ||
|* | |* | ||
|*<sup>3</sup> | |*<sup>3.</sup> | ||
|} | |} | ||
# After back vowels, ''c'' is not fully spirantized [ç], but weakly aspirated [cʰ]. Ligatures ''f'' and ''k'' are [ç] after ''a'' and ''u'' respectively. | # After back vowels, palatalized ''c'' is not fully spirantized [ç], but weakly aspirated [cʰ]. Ligatures ''f'' and ''k'' are [ç] after ''a'' and ''u'' respectively. See [[User:Juhhmi/Irbel#Digraphs|Digraphs]] | ||
# Grapheme ''x'' [x] comes word-finally only after front vowels but it is treated as plain. | # Grapheme ''x'' [x] comes word-finally only after front vowels but it is treated as plain. | ||
# Grapheme ''v'' is only used in codas after ''a'' and ''e'' to indicate the diphthongs [ɑʊ̯] and [øy̯]. | # Grapheme ''v'' is only used in codas after ''a'' and ''e'' to indicate the diphthongs [ɑʊ̯] and [øy̯]. | ||
| Line 313: | Line 313: | ||
|w | |w | ||
|w:/ɥ: | |w:/ɥ: | ||
|Between back | |Between back/front vowels | ||
|''uu'' | |''uu'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Line 359: | Line 359: | ||
!Phoneme | !Phoneme | ||
!Notes | !Notes | ||
!Origin | |||
|- | |- | ||
|w | |w | ||
|ou̯ | |ou̯/uʉ̯ | ||
|word-initially | |word-initially/-medially | ||
|''uu'' | |||
|- | |- | ||
|y | |y | ||
|ɨ: | |ɨ: | ||
| | | | ||
|''íj'' | |||
|- | |- | ||
|æ | |æ | ||
|ɑ+ʲ | |ɑ+ʲ | ||
| | | | ||
|''ae'' | |||
|- | |- | ||
|G | |G | ||
|ʲä | |ʲä | ||
|rare | |rare | ||
|''ea'' | |||
|- | |- | ||
|ú | |ú | ||
|u+ʲ | |u+ʲ | ||
| | | | ||
|''uı'' | |||
|- | |- | ||
|ɯ | |ɯ | ||
|ʲʉ | |ʲʉ | ||
|rare | |rare | ||
|''ıu'' | |||
|} | |} | ||