Proto-Tassinean: Difference between revisions
Jukethatbox (talk | contribs) |
Jukethatbox (talk | contribs) |
||
| (7 intermediate revisions by the same user not shown) | |||
| Line 22: | Line 22: | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Nasal | ! Nasal | ||
| *m || || *n || *N || | | *m || || *n || *N || *ŋ | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Fricative | ! Fricative | ||
| Line 58: | Line 58: | ||
===Phonotactics=== | ===Phonotactics=== | ||
====Agin's law==== | ====Agin's law==== | ||
Proto-Tassinean follows Agin's law, which is a phonotactic law focusing primarily on Tassinean languages. It states that though consonants can be placed in an adjacent manner, they can not be of the same category of consonant. e.g. the word ''*mäkpah'' was rejected as an ancestor of [[Adi Adi]] ''meqipah'' and [[Siwè]] ''mịkịpe'' due to it violating the law by putting *k adjacent to *p. The word ''*mäkuph'' was later chosen as a more accurate ancestor, taking into account other cognates like Proto-Inian ''*mäk-upH''. | Proto-Tassinean follows Agin's law, which is a phonotactic law focusing primarily on Tassinean languages. It states that though consonants can be placed in an adjacent manner, they can not be of the same category of consonant. e.g. the word ''*mäkpah'' was rejected as an ancestor of [[Adi Adi]] ''meqipah'' and [[Siwè]] ''mịkịpe'' due to it violating the law by putting ''*k'' adjacent to ''*p''. The word ''*mäkuph'' was later chosen as a more accurate ancestor, taking into account other cognates like Proto-Inian ''*mäk-upH''. | ||
===Morphophonology=== | ===Morphophonology=== | ||
==Morphology== | ==Morphology== | ||
| Line 68: | Line 69: | ||
| yew tree||''*mäkuph'' || ''*mekipeh'' || ''*mak-upH'' || ''*mäkopḫ'' || ''*mikši'' | | yew tree||''*mäkuph'' || ''*mekipeh'' || ''*mak-upH'' || ''*mäkopḫ'' || ''*mikši'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
| desert || ''*esäveh'' || ''*isəHwih'' || - || ''*esebéH'' || ''* | | desert || ''*esäveh'' || ''*isəHwih'' || - || ''*esebéH'' || ''*vehib'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
| forest || ''*bāhe'' || ''*bawi'' || ''*ḅāhwē'' || ''*maha'' || rowspan=2 | - | | forest || ''*bāhe'' || ''*bawi'' || ''*ḅāhwē'' || ''*maha'' || rowspan=2 | - | ||
| Line 80: | Line 81: | ||
| peach || ''*dava'' || ''*dāva'' || ''*daḅa'' || ''*dava'' || ''*tahā'' | | peach || ''*dava'' || ''*dāva'' || ''*daḅa'' || ''*dava'' || ''*tahā'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
| father || ''*wak'' || ''*hak'' || - || ''*wec'' || ''*ila''<ref>''*wak'' → ''*werk'' → ''*we(r)h'' → ''*elh'' → ''* | | father || ''*wak'' || ''*hak'' || - || ''*wec'' || ''*ila''<ref>''*wak'' → ''*werk'' → ''*we(r)h'' → ''*elh'' → ''*ilh'' → ''*ilə'' → ''*ila''</ref> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| mother || ''* | | mother || ''*pēhes'' || ''*bes'' || ''*bers'' || ''*pē'' || ''*hiš'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
| brother || ''*hōkn'' || ''*hōkon'' || ''*hok''<br>"father" || ''*ohan''<ref>''*hōkn'' → ''*ōkn'' → ''*ōkan'' → ''*ogan'' → ''*oɣan'' → ''*ohan''</ref> || ''*heg'' | | brother || ''*hōkn'' || ''*hōkon'' || ''*hok''<br>"father" || ''*ohan''<ref>''*hōkn'' → ''*ōkn'' → ''*ōkan'' → ''*ogan'' → ''*oɣan'' → ''*ohan''</ref> || ''*heg'' | ||
| Line 109: | Line 110: | ||
====Noun-adjective order==== | ====Noun-adjective order==== | ||
Noun-adjective order is even more controversial, due to even linguistically similar languages like [[Siwè]] and [[Adi Adi]] differing on specifically adjective placement. Thus, Tassinists generally agree to not speak of noun-adjective order, assuming instead a free constituent order, for the sake of collaboration and often friendship. | Noun-adjective order is even more controversial, due to even linguistically similar languages like [[Siwè]] and [[Adi Adi]] differing on specifically adjective placement. Thus, Tassinists generally agree to not speak of noun-adjective order, assuming instead a free constituent order, for the sake of collaboration and often friendship. | ||
===Noun phrase=== | ===Nouns=== | ||
====Cases==== | |||
Proto-Tassinean has seven noun cases: '''nominative''', '''ergative''', '''absolutive''', '''dative''', '''genitive''', '''instrumentative''' and '''locative''', and they are all subject to change based on animacy. They are identified by prefixes and suffixes. | |||
{| class=redtable lightredbg style="text-align: center;" | |||
! colspan=2 rowspan=2 | !! colspan=7 | Case | |||
|- | |||
! Nominative !! Ergative !! Absolutive !! Dative !! Genitive !! Instrumentative !! Locative | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan=3 | Animacy | |||
|- | |||
! Inanimate | |||
| - || ''*soh-'' || ''*-vir'' || ''*-Nir'' || ''*-sə'' || rowspan=2 | ''*gid-'' || ''*-wē'' | |||
|- | |||
! Animate | |||
| ''*-zih<sup>?</sup>'' || ''*ma-'' || ''*-Nēŋ'' || ''*-avī'' || ''*-yrn'' || ''*-aw'' | |||
|} | |||
====Noun phrase==== | |||
===Verb phrase=== | ===Verb phrase=== | ||
===Sentence phrase=== | ===Sentence phrase=== | ||
Latest revision as of 14:37, 13 February 2024
 | This article is a construction site. This project is currently undergoing significant construction and/or revamp. By all means, take a look around, thank you. |
| Proto-Tassinean | |
|---|---|
| PtT | |
| Created by | Jukethatbox |
| Reconstruction of | Tassinean languages |
| Region | Tassi Basin, Tassinean Archipelago (later, through migration) |
| Era | 3000YD-1300YD |
| Lower-order reconstructions |
|
Proto-Tassinean is the reconstructed common ancestor of the Tassinean languages, commonly spoken in the Tassinean Archipelago, though most Tassinists believe that Proto-Tassinean was originally spoken in the inland Tassi Basin, before Proto-Tassineans sailed to the Archipelago.
Phonology
Consonants
| Bilabial | Labiodental | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Plosive | *p *b | *t *d | *k *g | ||
| Nasal | *m | *n | *N | *ŋ | |
| Fricative | *f *v | *s *z? | *h | ||
| Tap or Flap | *r | ||||
| (Lateral) Approximant | *l | *j | *w | ||
Consonants with a ⟨?⟩ are debated.
Vowels
| Short | Long[1] | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Front | Central | Back | Front | Central | Back | |
| Close | *i *y | *u | *ī *ȳ | *ū | ||
| Mid/close-mid | *e | *ə | *o | *ē | *ō | |
| Open | *a | *ä | *ā | |||
Prosody
Stress
Intonation
Phonotactics
Agin's law
Proto-Tassinean follows Agin's law, which is a phonotactic law focusing primarily on Tassinean languages. It states that though consonants can be placed in an adjacent manner, they can not be of the same category of consonant. e.g. the word *mäkpah was rejected as an ancestor of Adi Adi meqipah and Siwè mịkịpe due to it violating the law by putting *k adjacent to *p. The word *mäkuph was later chosen as a more accurate ancestor, taking into account other cognates like Proto-Inian *mäk-upH.
Morphophonology
Morphology
Comparison
See also: Comparison with modern derivations.
| English (Proto-Tassinean translation) |
Proto-Tassinean | Proto-Searnic | Proto-Inian | Proto-Argan † | Proto-Sangver † |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| yew tree | *mäkuph | *mekipeh | *mak-upH | *mäkopḫ | *mikši |
| desert | *esäveh | *isəHwih | - | *esebéH | *vehib |
| forest | *bāhe | *bawi | *ḅāhwē | *maha | - |
| cherry | *daNehir | *ḏaNesir | *danai | ||
| apple | *hiNe | *wēsiNe | - | *hinʲe | |
| orange | *irēeŋ | *irēn | *iwin | *eran | *ireng |
| peach | *dava | *dāva | *daḅa | *dava | *tahā |
| father | *wak | *hak | - | *wec | *ila[2] |
| mother | *pēhes | *bes | *bers | *pē | *hiš |
| brother | *hōkn | *hōkon | *hok "father" |
*ohan[3] | *heg |
| sister | *naNasə | *snaNa | *naNās | *nasu[4] | *nenʲa |
Particles
Determiners
| Singular | Plural | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| inanimate | animate | inanimate | animate | |
| Near | *uir | *uirjä | *iwōr | *iwänar |
| Far | *vēneh | *veāNah | *keseNōrə | |
Proto-Tassinean differentiates determiners by two categories: grammatical number and animacy.
Syntax
Constituent order
Proto-Tassinean constituent order has been debated, with some believing it to be SOV, citing Siwè and Adi Adi, while others believing it may be OSV, citing Ingwen, Ke'ek and Proto-Inian.
Noun-adjective order
Noun-adjective order is even more controversial, due to even linguistically similar languages like Siwè and Adi Adi differing on specifically adjective placement. Thus, Tassinists generally agree to not speak of noun-adjective order, assuming instead a free constituent order, for the sake of collaboration and often friendship.
Nouns
Cases
Proto-Tassinean has seven noun cases: nominative, ergative, absolutive, dative, genitive, instrumentative and locative, and they are all subject to change based on animacy. They are identified by prefixes and suffixes.
| Case | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | Ergative | Absolutive | Dative | Genitive | Instrumentative | Locative | ||
| Animacy | ||||||||
| Inanimate | - | *soh- | *-vir | *-Nir | *-sə | *gid- | *-wē | |
| Animate | *-zih? | *ma- | *-Nēŋ | *-avī | *-yrn | *-aw | ||