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Proto-Rathmosian/Later Developments: Difference between revisions

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Proto-Rathmosian/Later Developments (view source)

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* ''Cy'' > ''CC'', except ''ry''
* ''Cy'' > ''CC'', except ''ry''
* ''g'' > /ɣ/ in most positions, except ''ng, gg''
* ''g'' > /ɣ/ in most positions, except ''ng, gg''
* ''ts > ''ss''
* ''p, t, k'' > ''f, þ, h'' and ''b, d > v, ð'' before ''n, m, l, r''
* ''p, t, k'' > ''f, þ, h'' and ''b, d > v, ð'' before ''n, m, l, r''
* ''a(a)'' and ''ay'' raised to ''ä(ä), äy'' except before ''-n, -m'' or before a back vowel (''a(a), o(o), u(u)'') in the next syllable
* ''a(a)'' and ''ay'' raised to ''ä(ä), äy'' except before ''-n, -m'' or before a back vowel (''a(a), o(o), u(u)'') in the next syllable
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* nasal vowels merge with non-nasal counterparts
* nasal vowels merge with non-nasal counterparts
* stressed ''ä, e, i'' > ''äw, ew, iw'' before ''-w, -lC, rC''
* stressed ''ä, e, i'' > ''äw, ew, iw'' before ''-w, -lC, rC''
* changes to diphthongs: ''ay > ae, aw > ao, äy > äe, äw > äo, ey > ee, ew > eo, uy
* changes to diphthongs: ''ay > ae, aw > ao, äy > äe, äw > äo > ea, ey > ee, ew > eo, iy > ii, iw > iü, uw > uu, uy > uü.
* ''k, g, sk'' palatalised to ''ch'' /t͡ʃ/, ''ȝ'' /ʝ/, ''sh'' /ʃ/ (a) before a front vowel (''ä, e, i, ü'') or ''y'', or (b) after ''e, i'' except when followed by a back vowel: ''negara > neger > neȝer'' but ''neganta > negan''
* ''k, g, sk'' palatalised to ''ch'' /t͡ʃ/, ''ȝ'' /ʝ/, ''sh'' /ʃ/ (a) before a front vowel (''ä, e, i, ü'') or ''y'', or (b) after ''e, i'' except when followed by a back vowel: ''negara > neger > neȝer'' but ''neganta > negan''
* i-mutation: ''a(a) > ä(ä), e(e) > i(i), o(o) > ö(ö), u(u) > ü(ü)'' before ''i, y'' in next syllable
* i-mutation: ''a(a) > ä(ä), e(e) > i(i), o(o) > ö(ö), u(u) > ü(ü)'' before ''i, y'' in next syllable
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** medial syllable: ''a, ä, e'' lost, ''i, u'' lost after heavy syllable, > ''e'' after light syllable, ''oo'' > ''o'', other long vowels > short
** medial syllable: ''a, ä, e'' lost, ''i, u'' lost after heavy syllable, > ''e'' after light syllable, ''oo'' > ''o'', other long vowels > short
** final syllable: ''ä, i'' > ''e'', ''uC'' > ''oC'', ''oo > u'', other long vowels > short
** final syllable: ''ä, i'' > ''e'', ''uC'' > ''oC'', ''oo > u'', other long vowels > short
* medial ''h'' lost before vowels and consonants with compensatory lengthening
* medial ''f, s'' > ''v, z'', ''ss > s''


===Carrick Changes===
===Carrick Changes===
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{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|-
! Pr-Rs !! Header text !! Header text
! Change !! ''kupakuren'' <br> "smell" (loc.pl.) !! ''feyhilep'' <br> "fighter" (dat.sg.) || ''gawuya'' <br> "feast" (gen.sg.) || ''reykitset'' <br> "he loves you" || ''pupurad'' <br> "it glistened"
|-
|-
| a || Example || Example
! colspan="6;" | Common
|-
|-
| e || Example || Example
| unstressed ''e > i'' || ''kupakurin'' || ''feyhilip'' || ''gawuya'' || ''reykitsit'' ||
|-
|-
| i || Example || Example
| wf. ''-a, -e'' lost || || || ''gawuy'' || ||
|-
|-
| u || Example || Example
| wf. ''-n, -m'' lost || ''kupakurį'' || || || ||
|-
|-
| ə || Example || Example
| wf. ''-t'' lost || || || || ''reykitsi'' ||
|-
|-
| aa || Example || Example
| i-mutation of ''e, ey, ew'' || || ''fiyhilip'' || || ''riykitsi'' ||
|-
|-
| ee || Example || Example
| intervocalic ''y'' lost || || || || ||
|-
|-
| ii || Example || Example
| wf. oral short vowels lost || || || || ''riykits'' ||
|-
|-
| uu || Example || Example
| i-mutation of ''a, u'' || ''kupakürį'' || || || ||
|-
|-
| a-mutation of ''u'' || ''kopakürį'' || ||  || || ''puporad''
|-
| unstressed diphthongs > long vowels || || || ''gawüü'' || ||
|-
| final-syllable long vowels > short vowels || || || ''gawi'' > ''gäwi'' || ||
|-
! colspan="6;" | Rathmos
|-
| ''ə(ə) > e(e)'' || || || || ||
|-
| loss of nasals before fricatives || || || || ||
|-
| gemination of Cy || || || || ||
|-
| /g/ > /ɣ/ || || || ''ġäwi'' || ||
|-
| ''ts > ss'' || || || || ''riykiss''
|-
| ''p, t, k'' > ''f, þ, h'' and ''b, d'' > ''v, ð'' bef. ''n, m, l, r'' || || || || ||
|-
| fronting of ''a(a), ay'' || ''kopäkürį'' || || || || ''puporäd''
|-
| wf. ''-a'' lost || || || || ||
|-
| loss of nasalisation || ''kopäküri'' || || || ||
|-
| stressed ''ä, e, i > äw, ew, iw'' || || || ''ġäuwi'' || ||
|-
| diphthong changes || || ''fíhilip'' || ''ġäowi'' || ''riikiss'' ||
|-
| palatalisation of ''k, g, sk'' || ''kopächüri'' || || ''ȝäowi'' || ''riichiss'' ||
|-
| i-mutation of ''a(a), e(e), o(o), u(u)'' || || || || |||
|-
| wf. -i, -u mostly lost || ''kopächür'' || || || ||
|-
| unstressed vowel reduction || ''kopchür'' || ''fíhelep'' || ''ȝäowe'' || ''riichess''
|-
| ''h'' loss || || ''fíylep'' || || ||
|-
| medial ''f, s > v, z'', all ''ss > s'' || || || || ''riiches'' ||
|-
| Rathmosian || ''copchyr'' || ''fíylep'' || ''ȝeawe'' || ''ríches'' || ''pupored''
|-
! colspan="6;" | Carrick
|-
| ə(ə) > a(a) || || || || ||
|-
| loss of medial/final ''h'' || || ''fiyilip'' || ||
|-
| loss of nasalisation || ''kopaküri'' || || || ||
|-
| i-mutation of ''a, o, u' || || || || ||
|-
| stressed ''e(e) > ''ya(a)'' || || || || ||
|-
| u-mutation of ''a(a), ya(a), ä(ä), e(e), i(i) || || || || ||
|-
| loss of prevocalic ''y, w'' || || || || ||
|-
| loss of most wf. vowels || ''kopakür'' || || ''gäw'' || ||
|-
| unstressed long vowels shortened || || || ||
|-
| loss of most unstressed vowels || ''kopkür'' || ''fílp'' || || ''riyks'' || ''pupräd''
|-
| wf. consonants devoiced || || || || ||  ''puprät''
|-
| ''mp, nk, nt > pp, kk, tt'' || || || ||
|-
| Carrick || ''kopkür'' || ''fílp'' || ''gew'' || ''ríks'' || ''puprät''
|}
|}
Psammead
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