Ilithian/Verbs: Difference between revisions

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|-
|-
! 1st
! 1st
| ''-ů, -m, -mi'' || ''-va'' || ''-me'' || ''-é'' || ''-vahé'' || ''-mahé''
| ''-ů, -m, -mi'' || ''-va'' || ''-me'' || ''-é'' || ''-vjé'' || ''-mjé''
|-
|-
! 2nd
! 2nd
| ''-š, -si'' || ''-ta'' || ''-te'' || ''-sé'' || ''-tahé'' || ''-hvé''
| ''-š, -si'' || ''-ta'' || ''-te'' || ''-sé'' || ''-ťé'' || ''-hvé''
|-
|-
! 3rd
! 3rd
| ''-t'' || ''-tou'' || ''-nt'' || ''-té'' || ''-touhé'' || ''-nté''
| ''-t'' || ''-tou'' || ''-nt'' || ''-té'' || ''-toudé'' || ''-nté''
|-
|-
|}
|}
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|-
|-
! 1st
! 1st
| -á- > -ou, -(e)je > -í, -je > -ji || ''-va'' || ''-me'' || ''-má'' || ''-vaha'' || ''-maha''
| -á- > -ou, -(e)je > -í, -je > -ji || ''-va'' || ''-me'' || ''-má'' || ''-vja'' || ''-mja''
|-
|-
! 2nd
! 2nd
| ''-ch'' || ''-ta'' || ''-te'' || ''-tá'' || ''-taha'' || ''-hva''
| ''-ch'' || ''-ta'' || ''-te'' || ''-tá'' || ''-ťa'' || ''-hva''
|-
|-
! 3rd
! 3rd
| ''-Ø'' || ''-tou'' || ''-n'' || ''-ta'' || ''-touha'' || ''-anta''
| ''-Ø'' || ''-tou'' || ''-n'' || ''-ta'' || ''-touda'' || ''-anta''
|-
|-
|}
|}
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|-
|-
! 3rd
! 3rd
| ''-tu'' || ''-tou'' || ''-ntu'' || ''-tá'' || ''-toudhá'' || ''-antá''
| ''-tu'' || ''-tou'' || ''-ntu'' || ''-tá'' || ''-toudá'' || ''-antá''
|-
|-
|}
|}
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|-
|-
! 1st
! 1st
| ''jungů'' || ''jungava'' || ''jungame'' || ''jungé'' || ''jungavahé'' || ''jungamahé''
| ''jungů'' || ''jungava'' || ''jungame'' || ''jungé'' || ''jungavjé'' || ''jungamjé''
|-
|-
! 2nd
! 2nd
| ''jundžeš'' || ''jundžeta'' || ''jundžete'' || ''jundžesé'' || ''jundžetahé'' || ''jundžehvé''
| ''jundžeš'' || ''jundžeta'' || ''jundžete'' || ''jundžesé'' || ''jundžeťé'' || ''jundžehvé''
|-
|-
! 3rd
! 3rd
| ''jundžet'' || ''jundžetou'' || ''jungant'' || ''jundžeté'' || ''jundžetouhé'' || ''junganté''
| ''jundžet'' || ''jundžetou'' || ''jungant'' || ''jundžeté'' || ''jundžetoudé'' || ''junganté''
|-
|-
|}
|}
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|-
|-
! 1st
! 1st
| ''jejugou'' || ''jejugava'' || ''jejugame'' || ''jejugamá'' || ''jejugavaha'' || ''jejugamaha''
| ''ijugou'' || ''ijugava'' || ''ijugame'' || ''ijugamá'' || ''ijugavja'' || ''ijugamja''
|-
|-
! 2nd
! 2nd
| ''jejudžech'' || ''jejudžeta'' || ''jejudžete'' || ''jejudžešá'' || ''jejudžetaha'' || ''jejudžehvé''
| ''ijudžech'' || ''ijudžeta'' || ''ijudžete'' || ''ijudžešá'' || ''ijudžetja'' || ''ijudžehvé''
|-
|-
! 3rd
! 3rd
| ''jejudže'' || ''jejudžetou'' || ''jejugan'' || ''jejudžeta'' || ''jejudžetouha'' || ''jejuganta''
| ''ijudže'' || ''ijudžetou'' || ''ijugan'' || ''ijudžeta'' || ''ijudžetouda'' || ''ijuganta''
|-
|-
|}
|}
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|-
|-
! 1st
! 1st
| ''jungšů'' || ''jungšava'' || ''jungšame'' || ''jungšé'' || ''jungšavahé'' || ''jungšamahé''
| ''jungšů'' || ''jungšava'' || ''jungšame'' || ''jungšé'' || ''jungšavjé'' || ''jungšamjé''
|-
|-
! 2nd
! 2nd
| ''jungšaš'' || ''jungšata'' || ''jungšate'' || ''jungšasé'' || ''jungšatahé'' || ''jungšahvé''
| ''jungšaš'' || ''jungšata'' || ''jungšate'' || ''jungšasé'' || ''jungšaťé'' || ''jungšahvé''
|-
|-
! 3rd
! 3rd
| ''jungšat'' || ''jungšatou'' || ''jungšant'' || ''jungšaté'' || ''jungšatouhé'' || ''jungšanté''
| ''jungšat'' || ''jungšatou'' || ''jungšant'' || ''jungšaté'' || ''jungšatoudé'' || ''jungšanté''
|-
|-
|}
|}
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|-
|-
! 1st
! 1st
| ''-'' || ''jungava!'' || ''jungame!'' || ''-'' || ''jungavá!'' || ''jungamahá!''
| ''-'' || ''jungava!'' || ''jungame!'' || ''-'' || ''jungavá!'' || ''jungamjá!''
|-
|-
! 2nd
! 2nd
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|-
|-
! 3rd
! 3rd
| ''jundžetu!'' || ''jundžetou!'' || ''jungantu!'' || ''jundžetá!'' || ''jundžetouhá!'' || ''jungantá!''
| ''jundžetu!'' || ''jundžetou!'' || ''jungantu!'' || ''jundžetá!'' || ''jundžetoudá!'' || ''jungantá!''
|-
|-
|}
|}
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|-
|-
! 1st
! 1st
| ''šventám'' || ''šventáva'' || ''šventáme'' || ''šventé, šventájé'' || ''šventávahé'' || ''šventámahé''
| ''šventám'' || ''šventáva'' || ''šventáme'' || ''šventáj'' || ''šventávjé'' || ''šventámjé''
|-
|-
! 2nd
! 2nd
| ''šventáš'' || ''šventáta'' || ''šventáte'' || ''šventásé'' || ''šventátahé'' || ''šventáhvé''
| ''šventáš'' || ''šventáta'' || ''šventáte'' || ''šventásé'' || ''šventáťé'' || ''šventáhvé''
|-
|-
! 3rd
! 3rd
| ''šventát'' || ''šventátou'' || ''šventánt'' || ''šventáté'' || ''šventátouhé'' || ''šventánté''
| ''šventát'' || ''šventátou'' || ''šventánt'' || ''šventáté'' || ''šventátoudé'' || ''šventánté''
|-
|-
|}
|}
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|-
|-
! 1st
! 1st
| ''ješventou'' || ''ješventáva'' || ''ješventáme'' || ''ješventámá'' || ''ješventávaha'' || ''ješventámaha''
| ''išventou'' || ''išventáva'' || ''išventáme'' || ''išventámá'' || ''išventávja'' || ''išventámja''
|-
|-
! 2nd
! 2nd
| ''ješventách'' || ''ješventáta'' || ''ješventáte'' || ''ješventášá'' || ''ješventátaha'' || ''ješventáhvé''
| ''išventách'' || ''išventáta'' || ''išventáte'' || ''išventášá'' || ''išventáťa'' || ''išventáhvé''
|-
|-
! 3rd
! 3rd
| ''ješventá'' || ''ješventátou'' || ''ješventán'' || ''ješventáta'' || ''ješventátouha'' || ''ješventánta''
| ''išventá'' || ''išventátou'' || ''išventán'' || ''išventáta'' || ''išventátouda'' || ''išventánta''
|-
|-
|}
|}
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|-
|-
! 1st
! 1st
| ''šventášů'' || ''šventášava'' || ''šventášame'' || ''šventášé'' || ''šventášavahé'' || ''šventášamahé''
| ''šventášů'' || ''šventášava'' || ''šventášame'' || ''šventášé'' || ''šventášavjé'' || ''šventášamjé''
|-
|-
! 2nd
! 2nd
| ''šventášaš'' || ''šventášata'' || ''šventášate'' || ''šventášasé'' || ''šventášatahé'' || ''šventášahvé''
| ''šventášaš'' || ''šventášata'' || ''šventášate'' || ''šventášasé'' || ''šventášaťé'' || ''šventášahvé''
|-
|-
! 3rd
! 3rd
| ''šventášat'' || ''šventášatou'' || ''šventášant'' || ''šventášaté'' || ''šventášatouhé'' || ''šventášanté''
| ''šventášat'' || ''šventášatou'' || ''šventášant'' || ''šventášaté'' || ''šventášatoudé'' || ''šventášanté''
|-
|-
|}
|}
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! 3rd
! 3rd
| ''šventátu!'' || ''šventátou!'' || ''šventántu!'' || ''šventátá!'' || ''šventátouhá!'' || ''šventántá!''
| ''šventátu!'' || ''šventátou!'' || ''šventántu!'' || ''šventátá!'' || ''šventátouhá!'' || ''šventántá!''
|-
|}
Preterite indicative
{| class="wikitable" border="1"
|-
!rowspan="2"|
!colspan="3"| Active
!colspan="3"| Passive
|-
! Singular !! Dual!! Plural  !! Singular !! Dual!! Plural
|-
! 1st
| ''šešventá'' || ''šešventáva'' || ''šešventáme'' || ''šešventáj'' || ''šešventávjé'' || ''šešventámjé''
|-
! 2nd
| ''šešventásta'' || ''šešventáta'' || ''šešventáte'' || ''šešventášé'' || ''šešventáťé'' || ''šešventáhvé''
|-
! 3rd
| ''šešventá'' || ''šešventátou'' || ''šešventár'' || ''šešventáté'' || ''šešventátoudé'' || ''šešventáré''
|-
|-
|}
|}
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|-
|-
! 1st
! 1st
| ''harejů'' || ''harejava'' || ''harejame'' || ''harejé'' || ''harejavahé'' || ''harejamahé''
| ''harejů'' || ''harejava'' || ''harejame'' || ''harejé'' || ''harejavjé'' || ''harejamjé''
|-
|-
! 2nd
! 2nd
| ''hareješ'' || ''harejeta'' || ''harejete'' || ''harejesé'' || ''harejetahé'' || ''harejehvé''
| ''hareješ'' || ''harejeta'' || ''harejete'' || ''harejesé'' || ''harejeťé'' || ''harejehvé''
|-
|-
! 3rd
! 3rd
| ''harejet'' || ''harejetou'' || ''harejant'' || ''harejeté'' || ''harejetouhé'' || ''harejanté''
| ''harejet'' || ''harejetou'' || ''harejant'' || ''harejeté'' || ''harejetoudé'' || ''harejanté''
|-
|-
|}
|}
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|-
|-
! 1st
! 1st
| ''jeharejí, jeharý'' || ''jeharejeva'' || ''jeharejeme'' || ''jeharejemá'' || ''jeharejevaha'' || ''jeharejemaha''
| ''iharejí, iharý'' || ''iharejeva'' || ''iharejeme'' || ''iharejemá'' || ''iharejevja'' || ''iharejemja''
|-
|-
! 2nd
! 2nd
| ''jeharejech'' || ''jeharejeta'' || ''jeharejete'' || ''jehareješá'' || ''jeharejetaha'' || ''jeharejehvé''
| ''iharejech'' || ''iharejeta'' || ''iharejete'' || ''ihareješá'' || ''iharejeťa'' || ''iharejehvé''
|-
|-
! 3rd
! 3rd
| ''jehareje'' || ''jeharejetou'' || ''jeharejen'' || ''jeharejeta'' || ''jeharejetouha'' || ''jeharejenta''
| ''ihareje'' || ''iharejetou'' || ''iharejen'' || ''iharejeta'' || ''iharejetouda'' || ''iharejenta''
|-
|-
|}
|}
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|-
|-
! 1st
! 1st
| ''haréšů'' || ''haréšava'' || ''haréšame'' || ''haréšé'' || ''haréšavahé'' || ''haréšamahé''
| ''haréšů'' || ''haréšava'' || ''haréšame'' || ''haréšé'' || ''haréšavjé'' || ''haréšamjé''
|-
|-
! 2nd
! 2nd
| ''haréšaš'' || ''haréšata'' || ''haréšate'' || ''haréšasé'' || ''haréšatahé'' || ''haréšahvé''
| ''haréšaš'' || ''haréšata'' || ''haréšate'' || ''haréšasé'' || ''haréšaťé'' || ''haréšahvé''
|-
|-
! 3rd
! 3rd
| ''haréšat'' || ''haréšatou'' || ''haréšant'' || ''haréšaté'' || ''haréšatouhé'' || ''haréšanté''
| ''haréšat'' || ''haréšatou'' || ''haréšant'' || ''haréšaté'' || ''haréšatoudé'' || ''haréšanté''
|-
|-
|}
|}
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|-
|-
! 1st
! 1st
| ''džehará'' || ''džeharéva'' || ''džeharéme'' || ''džeharejé'' || ''džeharévahé'' || ''džeharémahé''
| ''džehará'' || ''džeharéva'' || ''džeharéme'' || ''džeharejé'' || ''džeharévjé'' || ''džeharémjé''
|-
|-
! 2nd
! 2nd
| ''džeharésta'' || ''džeharéta'' || ''džeharéte'' || ''džeharésé'' || ''džeharétahé'' || ''džeharéhvé''
| ''džeharésta'' || ''džeharéta'' || ''džeharéte'' || ''džeharésé'' || ''džeharéťé'' || ''džeharéhvé''
|-
|-
! 3rd
! 3rd
| ''džeharé, džehareje'' || ''džeharétou'' || ''džeharýr'' || ''džeharété'' || ''džeharétouhé'' || ''džeharýré''
| ''džeharé, džehareje'' || ''džeharétou'' || ''džeharýr'' || ''džeharété'' || ''džeharétoudé'' || ''džeharýré''
|-
|-
|}
|}
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|-
|-
! 1st
! 1st
| ''ašoušem'' || ''ašouševa'' || ''ašoušeme'' || ''ašoušé'' || ''ašouševahé'' || ''ašoušemahé''
| ''ašoušem'' || ''ašouševa'' || ''ašoušeme'' || ''ašoušé'' || ''ašouševjé'' || ''ašoušemjé''
|-
|-
! 2nd
! 2nd
| ''ašoušeš'' || ''ašoušeta'' || ''ašoušete'' || ''ašoušesé'' || ''ašoušetahé'' || ''ašoušehvé''
| ''ašoušeš'' || ''ašoušeta'' || ''ašoušete'' || ''ašoušesé'' || ''ašoušeťé'' || ''ašoušehvé''
|-
|-
! 3rd
! 3rd
| ''ašoušet'' || ''ašoušetou'' || ''ašoušent'' || ''ašoušeté'' || ''ašoušetouhé'' || ''ašoušenté''
| ''ašoušet'' || ''ašoušetou'' || ''ašoušent'' || ''ašoušeté'' || ''ašoušetoudé'' || ''ašoušenté''
|-
|-
|}
|}
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|-
|-
! 1st
! 1st
| ''jášouši'' || ''jášouševa'' || ''jášoušeme'' || ''jášoušemá'' || ''jášouševaha'' || ''jášoušemaha''
| ''jášouši'' || ''jášouševa'' || ''jášoušeme'' || ''jášoušemá'' || ''jášouševida'' || ''jášoušemida''
|-
|-
! 2nd
! 2nd
| ''jášoušech'' || ''jášoušeta'' || ''jášoušete'' || ''jášoušešá'' || ''jášoušetaha'' || ''jášoušehvé''
| ''jášoušech'' || ''jášoušeta'' || ''jášoušete'' || ''jášoušešá'' || ''jášoušetida'' || ''jášoušehvé''
|-
|-
! 3rd
! 3rd
| ''jášouše'' || ''jášoušetou'' || ''jášoušen'' || ''jášoušeta'' || ''jášoušetouha'' || ''jášoušenta''
| ''jášouše'' || ''jášoušetou'' || ''jášoušen'' || ''jášoušeta'' || ''jášoušetouda'' || ''jášoušenta''
|-
|-
|}
|}
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|-
|-
! 1st
! 1st
| ''ašouššů'' || ''ašouššava'' || ''ašouššame'' || ''ašouššé'' || ''ašouššavahé'' || ''ašouššamahé''
| ''ašouššů'' || ''ašouššava'' || ''ašouššame'' || ''ašouššé'' || ''ašouššavjé'' || ''ašouššamjé''
|-
|-
! 2nd
! 2nd
| ''ašouššaš'' || ''ašouššata'' || ''ašouššate'' || ''ašouššasé'' || ''ašouššatahé'' || ''ašouššahvé''
| ''ašouššaš'' || ''ašouššata'' || ''ašouššate'' || ''ašouššasé'' || ''ašouššaťé'' || ''ašouššahvé''
|-
|-
! 3rd
! 3rd
| ''ašouššat'' || ''ašouššatou'' || ''ašouššant'' || ''ašouššaté'' || ''ašouššatouhé'' || ''ašouššanté''
| ''ašouššat'' || ''ašouššatou'' || ''ašouššant'' || ''ašouššaté'' || ''ašouššatoudé'' || ''ašouššanté''
|-
|-
|}
|}
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|-
|-
! 1st
! 1st
| ''bendhů'' || ''bendhava'' || ''bendhame'' || ''bendhé'' || ''bendhavahé'' || ''bendhamahé''
| ''bendhů'' || ''bendhava'' || ''bendhame'' || ''bendhé'' || ''bendhavjé'' || ''bendhamjé''
|-
|-
! 2nd
! 2nd
| ''bendheš'' || ''bendheta'' || ''bendhete'' || ''bendhesé'' || ''bendhetahé'' || ''bendhehvé''
| ''bendheš'' || ''bendheta'' || ''bendhete'' || ''bendhesé'' || ''bendheťé'' || ''bendhehvé''
|-
|-
! 3rd
! 3rd
| ''bendhet'' || ''bendhetou'' || ''bendhant'' || ''bendheté'' || ''bendhetouhé'' || ''bendhanté''
| ''bendhet'' || ''bendhetou'' || ''bendhant'' || ''bendheté'' || ''bendhetoudé'' || ''bendhanté''
|-
|-
|}
|}
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|-
|-
! 1st
! 1st
| ''jebendhou'' || ''jebendhava'' || ''jebendhame'' || ''jebendhamá'' || ''jebendhavaha'' || ''jebendhamaha''
| ''ibendhou'' || ''ibendhava'' || ''ibendhame'' || ''ibendhamá'' || ''ibendhavida'' || ''ibendhamida''
|-
|-
! 2nd
! 2nd
| ''jebendhech'' || ''jebendheta'' || ''jebendhete'' || ''jebendhešá'' || ''jebendhetaha'' || ''jebendhehva''
| ''ibendhech'' || ''ibendheta'' || ''ibendhete'' || ''ibendhešá'' || ''ibendhetida'' || ''ibendhehva''
|-
|-
! 3rd
! 3rd
| ''jebendhe'' || ''jebendhetou'' || ''jebendhan'' || ''jebendheta'' || ''jebendhetouha'' || ''jebendhanta''
| ''ibendhe'' || ''ibendhetou'' || ''ibendhan'' || ''ibendheta'' || ''ibendhetouda'' || ''ibendhanta''
|-
|-
|}
|}
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|-
|-
! 1st
! 1st
| ''benšů'' || ''benšava'' || ''benšame'' || ''benšé'' || ''benšavahé'' || ''benšamahé''
| ''benšů'' || ''benšava'' || ''benšame'' || ''benšé'' || ''benšavjé'' || ''benšamjé''
|-
|-
! 2nd
! 2nd
| ''benšaš'' || ''benšata'' || ''benšate'' || ''benšasé'' || ''benšatahé'' || ''benšahvé''
| ''benšaš'' || ''benšata'' || ''benšate'' || ''benšasé'' || ''benšaťé'' || ''benšahvé''
|-
|-
! 3rd
! 3rd
| ''benšat'' || ''benšatou'' || ''benšant'' || ''benšaté'' || ''benšatouhé'' || ''benšanté''
| ''benšat'' || ''benšatou'' || ''benšant'' || ''benšaté'' || ''benšatoudé'' || ''benšanté''
|-
|-
|}
|}
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|-
|-
! 1st
! 1st
| ''jebhúm'' || ''jebhúva'' || ''jebhúme''
| ''ibhúm'' || ''ibhúva'' || ''ibhúme''
|-
|-
! 2nd
! 2nd
| ''jebhúch'' || ''jebhúta'' || ''jebhúte''  
| ''ibhúch'' || ''ibhúta'' || ''ibhúte''  
|-
|-
! 3rd
! 3rd
| ''jebhú'' || ''jebhútou'' || ''jebhún''
| ''ibhú'' || ''ibhútou'' || ''ibhún''
|-
|-
|}
|}

Latest revision as of 03:13, 1 March 2024

Affixes

TODO: optative endings

Infinitive -ti from -tey, like in Balto-Slavic

Primary endings

Indicative

Active Passive
Singular Dual Plural Singular Dual Plural
1st -ů, -m, -mi -va -me -é -vjé -mjé
2nd -š, -si -ta -te -sé -ťé -hvé
3rd -t -tou -nt -té -toudé -nté

Secondary endings

Indicative

Active Passive
Singular Dual Plural Singular Dual Plural
1st -á- > -ou, -(e)je > -í, -je > -ji -va -me -má -vja -mja
2nd -ch -ta -te -tá -ťa -hva
3rd -Ø -tou -n -ta -touda -anta

Imperative endings

Active Passive
Singular Dual Plural Singular Dual Plural
1st - - - - - -
2nd -Ø, -dhi -ta -te -se -tá -hvá
3rd -tu -tou -ntu -tá -toudá -antá


Verb classes

Past perfective comes from PIE perfects or root aorists

Nasal infix class

Infinitive: jugti = to join, to connect

Gerundive: jugtí (jest)

Participles:

  • jungas, junganť = pres. active participle
  • jungamin = passive participle
  • jungšas, jungšanť = future active ptcp.

Primary conjugation

Present indicative

Active Passive
Singular Dual Plural Singular Dual Plural
1st jungů jungava jungame jungé jungavjé jungamjé
2nd jundžeš jundžeta jundžete jundžesé jundžeťé jundžehvé
3rd jundžet jundžetou jungant jundžeté jundžetoudé junganté

Secondary conjugation

Imperfect indicative

Active Passive
Singular Dual Plural Singular Dual Plural
1st ijugou ijugava ijugame ijugamá ijugavja ijugamja
2nd ijudžech ijudžeta ijudžete ijudžešá ijudžetja ijudžehvé
3rd ijudže ijudžetou ijugan ijudžeta ijudžetouda ijuganta

Future indicative

Active Passive
Singular Dual Plural Singular Dual Plural
1st jungšů jungšava jungšame jungšé jungšavjé jungšamjé
2nd jungšaš jungšata jungšate jungšasé jungšaťé jungšahvé
3rd jungšat jungšatou jungšant jungšaté jungšatoudé jungšanté

Imperative endings

Active Passive
Singular Dual Plural Singular Dual Plural
1st - jungava! jungame! - jungavá! jungamjá!
2nd jundže! jundžedhi! jundžeta! jundžete! jundžese! jundžetá! jundžehvé!
3rd jundžetu! jundžetou! jungantu! jundžetá! jundžetoudá! jungantá!

-áti verbs

Infinitive: šventáti = to worship

Gerundive: šventátí (jest)

Participles:

  • šventous, šventánť = pres. active participle
  • šventámin = passive participle
  • šventášas, šventášanť = future active ptcp.

Primary conjugation

Present indicative

Active Passive
Singular Dual Plural Singular Dual Plural
1st šventám šventáva šventáme šventáj šventávjé šventámjé
2nd šventáš šventáta šventáte šventásé šventáťé šventáhvé
3rd šventát šventátou šventánt šventáté šventátoudé šventánté

Secondary conjugation

Imperfect indicative

Active Passive
Singular Dual Plural Singular Dual Plural
1st išventou išventáva išventáme išventámá išventávja išventámja
2nd išventách išventáta išventáte išventášá išventáťa išventáhvé
3rd išventá išventátou išventán išventáta išventátouda išventánta

Future indicative

Active Passive
Singular Dual Plural Singular Dual Plural
1st šventášů šventášava šventášame šventášé šventášavjé šventášamjé
2nd šventášaš šventášata šventášate šventášasé šventášaťé šventášahvé
3rd šventášat šventášatou šventášant šventášaté šventášatoudé šventášanté

Imperative endings

Active Passive
Singular Dual Plural Singular Dual Plural
1st - šventáva! šventáme! - šventává! šventámahá!
2nd šventá! šventádhi! šventáta! šventáte! šventáse! šventátá! šventáhvé!
3rd šventátu! šventátou! šventántu! šventátá! šventátouhá! šventántá!

Preterite indicative

Active Passive
Singular Dual Plural Singular Dual Plural
1st šešventá šešventáva šešventáme šešventáj šešventávjé šešventámjé
2nd šešventásta šešventáta šešventáte šešventášé šešventáťé šešventáhvé
3rd šešventá šešventátou šešventár šešventáté šešventátoudé šešventáré

-ejeti

Infinitive: harejeti = to anger

Gerundive: harejetí (jest)

Participles:

  • harejas, harejanť = pres. active participle
  • harejamin = passive participle
  • haréšas, haréšanť = future active ptcp.

Primary conjugation

Present indicative

Active Passive
Singular Dual Plural Singular Dual Plural
1st harejů harejava harejame harejé harejavjé harejamjé
2nd hareješ harejeta harejete harejesé harejeťé harejehvé
3rd harejet harejetou harejant harejeté harejetoudé harejanté

Secondary conjugation

Imperfect indicative

Active Passive
Singular Dual Plural Singular Dual Plural
1st iharejí, iharý iharejeva iharejeme iharejemá iharejevja iharejemja
2nd iharejech iharejeta iharejete ihareješá iharejeťa iharejehvé
3rd ihareje iharejetou iharejen iharejeta iharejetouda iharejenta

Future indicative

Active Passive
Singular Dual Plural Singular Dual Plural
1st haréšů haréšava haréšame haréšé haréšavjé haréšamjé
2nd haréšaš haréšata haréšate haréšasé haréšaťé haréšahvé
3rd haréšat haréšatou haréšant haréšaté haréšatoudé haréšanté

Imperative endings

Active Passive
Singular Dual Plural Singular Dual Plural
1st - harejeva! harejeme! - harejevá! harejemahá!
2nd hareje! harejedhi! harejeta! harejete! harejese! harejetá! harejehvé!
3rd harejetu! harejetou! harejentu! harejetá! harejetouhá! harejentá!

Preterite indicative

Active Passive
Singular Dual Plural Singular Dual Plural
1st džehará džeharéva džeharéme džeharejé džeharévjé džeharémjé
2nd džeharésta džeharéta džeharéte džeharésé džeharéťé džeharéhvé
3rd džeharé, džehareje džeharétou džeharýr džeharété džeharétoudé džeharýré

-jeti

Infinitive: ašoušeti = to hear

Gerundive: ašoušetí (jest)

Participles:

  • ašoušís, ašoušenť = pres. active participle
  • ašoušemin = passive participle
  • ašouššas, ašouššanť = future active ptcp.

Primary conjugation

Present indicative

Active Passive
Singular Dual Plural Singular Dual Plural
1st ašoušem ašouševa ašoušeme ašoušé ašouševjé ašoušemjé
2nd ašoušeš ašoušeta ašoušete ašoušesé ašoušeťé ašoušehvé
3rd ašoušet ašoušetou ašoušent ašoušeté ašoušetoudé ašoušenté

Secondary conjugation

Imperfect indicative

Active Passive
Singular Dual Plural Singular Dual Plural
1st jášouši jášouševa jášoušeme jášoušemá jášouševida jášoušemida
2nd jášoušech jášoušeta jášoušete jášoušešá jášoušetida jášoušehvé
3rd jášouše jášoušetou jášoušen jášoušeta jášoušetouda jášoušenta

Future indicative

Active Passive
Singular Dual Plural Singular Dual Plural
1st ašouššů ašouššava ašouššame ašouššé ašouššavjé ašouššamjé
2nd ašouššaš ašouššata ašouššate ašouššasé ašouššaťé ašouššahvé
3rd ašouššat ašouššatou ašouššant ašouššaté ašouššatoudé ašouššanté

Imperative endings

Active Passive
Singular Dual Plural Singular Dual Plural
1st - ašouševa! ašoušeme! - ašouševá! ašoušemahá!
2nd ašouše! ašoušedhi! ašoušeta! ašoušete! ašoušese! ašoušetá! ašoušehvé!
3rd ašoušetu! ašoušetou! ašoušentu! ašoušetá! ašoušetouhá! ašoušentá!

Thematic root class

Infinitive: bensti = to bind

Gerundive: benstí (jest)

Participles:

  • bendhas, bendhanť = pres. active participle
  • bandhamin = passive participle
  • benšas, benšanť = future active ptcp.

Primary conjugation

Present indicative

Active Passive
Singular Dual Plural Singular Dual Plural
1st bendhů bendhava bendhame bendhé bendhavjé bendhamjé
2nd bendheš bendheta bendhete bendhesé bendheťé bendhehvé
3rd bendhet bendhetou bendhant bendheté bendhetoudé bendhanté

Secondary conjugation

Imperfect indicative

Active Passive
Singular Dual Plural Singular Dual Plural
1st ibendhou ibendhava ibendhame ibendhamá ibendhavida ibendhamida
2nd ibendhech ibendheta ibendhete ibendhešá ibendhetida ibendhehva
3rd ibendhe ibendhetou ibendhan ibendheta ibendhetouda ibendhanta

Future indicative

Active Passive
Singular Dual Plural Singular Dual Plural
1st benšů benšava benšame benšé benšavjé benšamjé
2nd benšaš benšata benšate benšasé benšaťé benšahvé
3rd benšat benšatou benšant benšaté benšatoudé benšanté

Imperative endings

Active Passive
Singular Dual Plural Singular Dual Plural
1st - bendhava! bendhame! - bendhavá! bendhamahá!
2nd bendhe! bendheta! bendhete! bendhese! bendhetá! bendhehvé!
3rd bendhetu! bendhetou! bendhantu! bendhetá! bendhetouhá! bendhantá!

Root athematic

  • důti (to give): dedům, dedůš, dedůt, ..., dedůnt
  • státi (to stand): sestám, sestáš, sestát, ..., sestánt
  • dhýti (to do): dedhým, dedhýš, dedhýt, ..., dedhýnt
  • bháti (to say): bebhám, bebháš, bebhát, ..., bebhánt
  • anešti (to get): anešmi, anešši, anešt, anešva, anešta, aneštou, anešme, anešte, anešant

bhúti 'to be'

Infinitive: bhúti

Gerundive: bhútí (jest)

Participles:

  • present jsas (m), jsanť (f)
  • future bhúšas, bhúšanť

Present

Singular Dual Plural
1st jesmi jsva jsme
2nd jesi jsta jste
3rd jest jstou jsant

Forms beginning with js- are pronounced with [çs-] if not after a vowel. (The j is a reflex of PIE h₁.)

Future

Singular Dual Plural
1st bhúšů bhúšava bhúšame
2nd bhúšaš bhúšata bhúšate
3rd bhúšat bhúšatou bhúšant

Past ipfv.

Singular Dual Plural
1st ibhúm ibhúva ibhúme
2nd ibhúch ibhúta ibhúte
3rd ibhú ibhútou ibhún

Optative

Singular Dual Plural
1st bhújám bhújáva bhújáme
2nd bhújáš bhújáta bhújáte
3rd bhúját bhújátou bhújánt

Imperative

Singular Dual Plural
1st - bhúva! bhúme!
2nd bhú! bhúdhi! bhúta! bhúte!
3rd bhútu! bhútou! bhúntu!
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