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IPA for Zjiiama Knrawi: Difference between revisions

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IPA for Zjiiama Knrawi (view source)

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(Created page with "The charts below show the way in which the IPA represents Zjiiama Knrawi pronunciations. English approximations are loose in some cases and are only intended to give a general idea of the pronunciation. For more information, see Help:IPA. This page is only for the variety of Knrawi spoken on Zjiiama Island, for other varieties see Knrawi IPA guides. {{IPA keys}} {| style="b...")
 
m (replaced: Knrawi IPA guides → Knrawi IPA keys (3))
 
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The charts below show the way in which the [[wikipedia:International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]] represents Zjiiama [[Knrawi]] pronunciations. English approximations are loose in some cases and are only intended to give a general idea of the pronunciation. For more information, see [[w:Help:IPA|Help:IPA]].
The charts below show the way in which the [[wikipedia:International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]] represents Zjiiama [[Knrawi]] pronunciations. English approximations are loose in some cases and are only intended to give a general idea of the pronunciation. For more information, see [[w:Help:IPA|Help:IPA]].


This page is only for the variety of Knrawi spoken on Zjiiama Island, for other varieties see [[:Category:Knrawi IPA guides|Knrawi IPA guides]].
This page is only for the variety of Knrawi spoken on Zjiiama Island. For other varieties see [[:Category:Knrawi IPA keys|Knrawi IPA keys]].


{{IPA keys}}
{{IPA keys}}
{| style="background: none"
|-
| valign="top" |
{| style="background: none"
{| style="background: none"
|-
|-
Line 16: Line 12:
! colspan=4| [[w:Consonant|Consonants]]
! colspan=4| [[w:Consonant|Consonants]]
|-
|-
|align="center" |<big>{{IPA|β}}</big>
|align="center" |<big>{{IPA|f}}</big>
|{{term|vuin|'''v'''uin}}
|corner
|aga'''v'''e ([[w:Spanish language|Spanish]])
|-
|align="center" |<big>{{IPA|ð}}</big>
|{{term|tjer|tje'''r'''}}
|soft
|'''th'''ey
|-
|align="center" |<big>{{IPA|ɸ}}</big>
|{{term|huf|hu'''f'''}}
|{{term|huf|hu'''f'''}}
|small
|small
|あい'''ふ'''く ([[w:Japanese language|Japanese]])
|'''f'''ace
|-
|-
|align="center" |<big>{{IPA|ɸʰ}}</big>
|align="center" |<big>{{IPA|fʰ}}</big>
|{{term|ufh|u'''fh'''}}
|{{term|ufh|u'''fh'''}}
|middle
|middle
|あい'''ふ'''く ([[w:Japanese language|Japanese]])
|'''f'''ace
|-
|-
|align="center" |<big>{{IPA|ɸˣ}}</big>
|align="center" |<big>{{IPA|fˣ}}</big>
|{{term|fjmm|'''fj'''mm}}
|{{term|fjmm|'''fj'''mm}}
|to hold
|to hold
|あい'''ふ'''く ([[w:Japanese language|Japanese]])
|'''f'''ace
|-
|align="center" |<big>{{IPA|ɣ}}</big>
|{{term|ay|a'''y'''}}
|red
|a'''g'''ave ([[w:Spanish language|Spanish]])
|-
|align="center" |<big>{{IPA|ɣˀ}}</big>
|{{term|mupyy|mup'''yy'''}}
|wrong
|a'''g'''ave ([[w:Spanish language|Spanish]])
|-
|align="center" |<big>{{IPA|ɣʷ}}</big>
|{{term|iciui|ici'''u'''i}}
|hermit
|a'''gu'''a ([[w:Spanish language|Spanish]])
|-
|-
|align="center" |<big>{{IPA|h}}</big>
|align="center" |<big>{{IPA|h}}</big>
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|'''y'''et
|'''y'''et
|-
|-
|align="center" |<big>{{IPA|ɉ}}</big>
|align="center" |<big>{{IPA|ʝ}}</big>
|{{term|aythá|a'''y'''thá}}
|{{term|yui|yu'''i'''}}
|jasper
|honey
|se'''gu'''ir ([[w:Spanish language|Spanish]])
|ra'''y'''o ([[w:Spanish language|Spanish]])
|-
|-
|align="center" |<big>{{IPA|k̟}}</big>
|align="center" |<big>{{IPA|k}}</big>
|{{term|tjic|tji'''c'''}}
|to cook
|s'''k'''i
|-
|align="center" |<big>{{IPA|k̟ʰ}}</big>
|{{term|chuh|'''ch'''uh}}
|raw
|'''k'''ey
|-
|align="center" |<big>{{IPA|k̠}}</big>
|{{term|hyk|hy'''k'''}}
|{{term|hyk|hy'''k'''}}
|sugarcane
|sugarcane
|s'''c'''out
|s'''c'''out
|-
|-
|align="center" |<big>{{IPA|k̠ʰ}}</big>
|align="center" |<big>{{IPA|kʰ}}</big>
|{{term|nkh|n'''kh'''}}
|{{term|nkh|n'''kh'''}}
|far
|far
|'''c'''ow
|'''c'''ow
|-
|-
|align="center" |<big>{{IPA|k̠ˣ}}</big>
|align="center" |<big>{{IPA|kˣ}}</big>
|{{term|kja|'''kj'''a}}
|{{term|kja|'''kj'''a}}
|sand
|sand
|'''c'''ow
|'''c'''ow
|-
|align="center" |<big>{{IPA|kʲ}}</big>
|{{term|tjic|tji'''c'''}}
|to cook
|s'''k'''i
|-
|align="center" |<big>{{IPA|kʲʰ}}</big>
|{{term|chin|'''ch'''in}}
|song
|'''k'''ey
|-
|align="center" |<big>{{IPA|kʲˣ}}</big>
|{{term|cji|'''cj'''i}}
|black
|'''k'''ey
|-
|-
|align="center" |<big>{{IPA|kʷ}}</big>
|align="center" |<big>{{IPA|kʷ}}</big>
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|{{term|iim|ii'''m'''}}
|{{term|iim|ii'''m'''}}
|because
|because
|'''m'''an
|-
|align="center" |<big>{{IPA|mˀ}}</big>
|{{term|mm̀|'''mm̀'''}}
|to steal
|'''m'''an
|'''m'''an
|-
|-
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|'''n'''ot
|'''n'''ot
|-
|-
|align="center" |<big>{{IPA|n̪}}</big>
|align="center" |<big>{{IPA|nˀ}}</big>
|{{term|zjna|zj'''n'''a}}
|{{term|guváan|guvá'''an'''}}
|away
|event
|a'''n'''them
|'''n'''ot
|-
|align="center" |<big>{{IPA|n̠}}</big>
|{{term|cjni|cj'''n'''i}}
|to stand
|ra'''n'''ch
|-
|-
|align="center" |<big>{{IPA|ŋ}}</big>
|align="center" |<big>{{IPA|ŋ}}</big>
Line 121: Line 127:
|sa'''ng'''
|sa'''ng'''
|-
|-
|align="center" |<big>{{IPA|ŋ̟}}</big>
|align="center" |<big>{{IPA|ŋˀ}}</big>
|{{term|chgag|ch'''g'''ag}}
|{{term|suiggi|sui'''gg'''i}}
|to hear
|back
|si'''ng'''
|sa'''ng'''
|-
|align="center" |<big>{{IPA|ŋ̠}}</big>
|{{term|jgr|j'''g'''r}}
|heart
|so'''ng'''
|-
|align="center" |<big>{{IPA|ŋʷ}}</big>
|{{term|uwga|uw'''g'''a}}
|animal
|pe'''ngu'''in
|-
|-
|align="center" |<big>{{IPA|p}}</big>
|align="center" |<big>{{IPA|p}}</big>
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|'''p'''in
|'''p'''in
|-
|-
|align="center" |<big>{{IPA|pˣ}}</big>
|align="center" |<big>{{IPA|p͡fˣ}}</big>
|{{term|guvpj|guv'''pj'''}}
|{{term|guvpj|guv'''pj'''}}
|posture
|posture
|'''p'''in
|'''Pf'''erd ([[w:German language|German]])
|-
|-
|align="center" |<big>{{IPA|ɹ}}</big>
|align="center" |<big>{{IPA|r}}</big>
|{{term|marg|ma'''r'''g}}
|{{term|marg|ma'''r'''g}}
|south
|south
|'''r'''ight
|'''r'''ayo ([[w:Spanish language|Spanish]])
|-
|-
|align="center" |<big>{{IPA|ʃˣ}}</big>
|align="center" |<big>{{IPA|rˀ}}</big>
|{{term|sjari|'''sj'''ari}}
|{{term|knyirra|knyi'''rr'''a}}
|city
|spouse
|'''r'''ayo ([[w:Spanish language|Spanish]])
|-
|align="center" |<big>{{IPA|s}}</big>
|{{term|cniztí|cni'''z'''tí}}
|to try
|'''s'''ing
|-
|align="center" |<big>{{IPA|sʰ}}</big>
|{{term|zherg|'''zh'''erg}}
|cloud
|'''s'''ing
|-
|align="center" |<big>{{IPA|sˣ}}</big>
|{{term|zjnr|'''zj'''nr}}
|to eat
|'''s'''ing
|-
|align="center" |<big>{{IPA|ʃ}}</big>
|{{term|sefḿ|'''s'''efḿ}}
|fear
|'''sh'''in
|-
|align="center" |<big>{{IPA|ʃʰ}}</big>
|{{term|shera|'''sh'''era}}
|thunder
|'''sh'''in
|'''sh'''in
|-
|-
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|'''t'''art
|'''t'''art
|-
|-
|align="center" |<big>{{IPA|tˣ}}</big>
|align="center" |<big>{{IPA|t͡sˣ}}</big>
|{{term|tjay|'''tj'''ay}}
|{{term|tjay|'''tj'''ay}}
|sick
|sick
|'''t'''art
|'''t'''art
|-
|align="center" |<big>{{IPA|t͡ʃ}}</big>
|{{term|cmm|'''c'''mm}}
|sky
|'''ch'''art
|-
|align="center" |<big>{{IPA|t͡ʃʰ}}</big>
|{{term|chuh|'''ch'''uh}}
|raw
|'''ch'''art
|-
|-
|align="center" |<big>{{IPA|t͡ʃˣ}}</big>
|align="center" |<big>{{IPA|t͡ʃˣ}}</big>
|{{term|cji|'''cj'''i}}
|{{term|cjuq|'''cj'''uq}}
|black
|net
|'''ch'''art
|'''ch'''art
|-
|-
|align="center" |<big>{{IPA|θ}}</big>
|align="center" |<big>{{IPA|v}}</big>
|{{term|cniztí|cni'''z'''tí}}
|{{term|vuin|'''v'''uin}}
|to try
|corner
|'''th'''ing
|ha'''v'''e
|-
|-
|align="center" |<big>{{IPA|θʰ}}</big>
|align="center" |<big>{{IPA|vˀ}}</big>
|{{term|zherg|'''zh'''erg}}
|{{term|qvvs|q'''vv'''s}}
|cloud
|ball
|'''th'''ing
|ha'''v'''e
|-
|align="center" |<big>{{IPA|θˣ}}</big>
|{{term|zjnr|'''zj'''nr}}
|to eat
|'''th'''ing
|-
|-
|align="center" |<big>{{IPA|w}}</big>
|align="center" |<big>{{IPA|w}}</big>
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|'''w'''ing
|'''w'''ing
|-
|-
|align="center" |<big>{{IPA|ʍ}}</big>
|align="center" |<big>{{IPA|x}}</big>
|{{term|jua|'''j'''ua}}
|all
|lo'''ch'''
|-
|align="center" |<big>{{IPA|xʲ}}</big>
|{{term|sjari|'''sj'''ari}}
|city
|'''h'''e
|-
|align="center" |<big>{{IPA|xʲʰ}}</big>
|{{term|shiupii|'''sh'''iupii}}
|wheat noodles
|'''h'''e
|-
|align="center" |<big>{{IPA|xʷ}}</big>
|{{term|wmaa|'''w'''maa}}
|{{term|wmaa|'''w'''maa}}
|time
|time
|'''wh'''ite
|'''wh'''ite
|-
|-
|align="center" |<big>{{IPA|x̟}}</big>
|align="center" |<big>{{IPA|z}}</big>
|{{term|asi|a'''s'''i}}
|{{term|tjer|tje'''r'''}}
|shark
|soft
|'''h'''e
|'''z'''oo
|-
|-
|align="center" |<big>{{IPA|x̟ʰ}}</big>
|align="center" |<big>{{IPA|zˀ}}</big>
|{{term|shera|'''sh'''era}}
|{{term|suar|sua'''r'''}}
|thunder
|marten
|'''h'''e
|'''z'''oo
|-
|-
|align="center" |<big>{{IPA|x̠}}</big>
|align="center" |<big>{{IPA|ɰ}}</big>
|{{term|jua|'''j'''ua}}
|{{term|aythá|a'''y'''thá}}
|all
|jasper
|lo'''ch'''
|a'''g'''ave ([[w:Spanish language|Spanish]])
|-
|-
|align="center" |<big>{{IPA|ʒ}}</big>
|align="center" |<big>{{IPA|ɰˀ}}</big>
|{{term|yau|'''y'''au}}
|{{term|ayyai|a'''yy'''ai}}
|bird
|mosquito
|trea'''s'''ure
|a'''g'''ave ([[w:Spanish language|Spanish]])
|-
|-
|align="center" |<big>{{IPA|ʔ̞}}</big>
|align="center" |<big>{{IPA|ʔ}}</big>
|{{term|ua|u'''a'''}}
|{{term|ua|u'''a'''}}
|fish
|fish
|uh'''-'''oh
|-
|align="center" |<big>{{IPA|ʔ̞}}</big>
|{{term|gùaa|gù'''a'''a}}
|language
|uh'''-'''oh
|uh'''-'''oh
|}
|}
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|face
|face
|f'''a'''ther
|f'''a'''ther
|-
|align="center" |<big>{{IPA|aː}}</big>
|{{term|aà|'''aà'''}}
|to say
|f'''a'''ther
|-
|align="center" |<big>{{IPA|ɒ}}</big>
|{{term|kjaw|kj'''a'''w}}
|to puncture
|b'''o'''t
|-
|align="center" |<big>{{IPA|ɒː}}</big>
|{{term|uái|'''uá'''i}}
|lizard
|b'''o'''t
|-
|-
|align="center" |<big>{{IPA|ə}}</big>
|align="center" |<big>{{IPA|ə}}</big>
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|'''a'''bout
|'''a'''bout
|-
|-
|align="center" |<big>{{IPA|ɛ}}</big>
|align="center" |<big>{{IPA|i}}</big>
|{{term|isji|isj'''i'''}}
|big
|b'''e'''d
|-
|align="center" |<big>{{IPA|ɪ}}</big>
|{{term|it|'''i'''t}}
|{{term|it|'''i'''t}}
|head
|head
|b'''i'''d
|b'''ee'''t
|-
|align="center" |<big>{{IPA|iː}}</big>
|{{term|krií|kr'''ií'''}}
|to die
|b'''ee'''t
|-
|-
|align="center" |<big>{{IPA|ɔ}}</big>
|align="center" |<big>{{IPA|o̞}}</big>
|{{term|zjeyu|zjey'''u'''}}
|{{term|zjeyu|zjey'''u'''}}
|shore
|shore
|b'''o'''t
|b'''oa'''t
|-
|-
|align="center" |<big>{{IPA|ʊ}}</big>
|align="center" |<big>{{IPA|u}}</big>
|{{term|cuy|c'''u'''y}}
|{{term|cuy|c'''u'''y}}
|angry
|angry
|b'''oo'''k
|b'''oo'''t
|}
| valign="top" |
{| class="IPA wikitable"
![[w:Wikipedia:IPA|IPA]] !! Example !! Translation !! (near) equivalent
|-
! colspan="4"| [[w:Syllabic consonant|Syllabic consonants]]
|-
|align="center" |<big>{{IPA|β̍}}</big>
|{{term|nauv|nau'''v'''}}
|different
|aga'''v'''e ([[w:Spanish language|Spanish]])
|-
|align="center" |<big>{{IPA|ð̩}}</big>
|{{term|tr|t'''r'''}}
|to stop
|'''th'''ey
|-
|align="center" |<big>{{IPA|m̩}}</big>
|{{term|msh|'''m'''sh}}
|dry
|'''m'''an
|-
|align="center" |<big>{{IPA|n̩}}</big>
|{{term|jrn|jr'''n'''}}
|land
|'''n'''ot
|-
|align="center" |<big>{{IPA|n̪̍}}</big>
|{{term|zizhn|zizh'''n'''}}
|rural
|a'''n'''them
|-
|align="center" |<big>{{IPA|n̠̍}}</big>
|{{term|nchahí|'''n'''chahí}}
|far away
|ra'''n'''ch
|-
|align="center" |<big>{{IPA|ŋ̍}}</big>
|{{term|tgzh|t'''g'''zh}}
|night
|sa'''ng'''
|-
|align="center" |<big>{{IPA|ŋ̟̍}}</big>
|{{term|hyg|hy'''g'''}}
|cold
|si'''ng'''
|-
|align="center" |<big>{{IPA|ŋ̠̍}}</big>
|{{term|gj|'''g'''j}}
|gold
|so'''ng'''
|-
|align="center" |<big>{{IPA|ŋ̍ʷ}}</big>
|{{term|hiwǵ|hiw'''ǵ'''}}
|to drive
|pe'''ngu'''in
|-
|align="center" |<big>{{IPA|ɹ̩}}</big>
|{{term|muayr̀kej|muay'''r̀'''kej}}
|to legalize
|'''r'''ight
|-
|-
|align="center" |<big>{{IPA|ʒ̍}}</big>
|align="center" |<big>{{IPA|uː}}</big>
|{{term|ytjau|'''y'''tjau}}
|{{term|auu|a'''uu'''}}
|to owe
|dog
|trea'''s'''ure
|b'''oo'''t
|}
| valign="top" |
{| class="IPA wikitable"
![[w:Wikipedia:IPA|IPA]] !! Example !! Translation
|-
|-
! colspan="4"| [[w:Tone (linguistics)|Tones]]
! colspan="4"| [[w:Tone (linguistics)|Tones]]
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|{{term|shû|sh'''û'''}}
|{{term|shû|sh'''û'''}}
|east
|east
|}
|}
|}
|}
|}


==Differences from standard Knrawi==
==Differences from standard Knrawi==
*/n/ and /ŋ/ do not assimilate.
*/k̟,k̟ʰ,k̟ˣ,x̟,x̟ʰ,x̟ˣ/ are realized as [t͡ʃ,t͡ʃʰ,t͡ʃˣ,ʃ,ʃʰ,xʲ].
**/k̟,k̟ʰ,k̟ˣ,x̟,x̟ʰ/ adjacent to /ɪ/ are realized as [kʲ,kʲʰ,kʲˣ,xʲ,xʲʰ].
*/k̠,k̠ʰ,k̠ˣ,x̠/ are realized as [k,kʰ,kˣ,x].
*/tˣ/ and [pˣ] are realized as [t͡sˣ] and [p͡fˣ].
*/ʍ/ is realized as [xʷ].
*/θ,θʰ,θˣ/ are realized as [s,sʰ,sˣ].
**Labialized /θ,θʰ,θˣ/ are realized as [f,fʰ,fˣ].
*/ɹ/ is realized as [r].
**Labialized /ɹ/ is realized as [v] (which doesn't merge with [w]).
**Fortified /ɹ/ is realized as [z].
*/ɉ/ is realized as [ɰ].
**Fortified /ɉ/ is realized as [ɣ].
**/ɉ/ and [j,w] adjacent to high vowels are realized as [ɣ] and [ʝ,ɣʷ].
*Fortition occurs word-finally.
**[ʔ̞] is realized as [ʔ] word-finally.
*Voiced geminants are glottalized.
*Sequences of [ʔ̞] and voiced consonants are realized as glottalized consonants.
*Syllabic consonants are realized as [əC].
**Word-initial and pre-sonorant syllabic consonants are realized as [Cə].
**Syllabic consonants with an identical adjacent consonant are realized as [əCˀ] or [Cˀə].
*/ɪ,ʊ/ are realized as [i,u].
**/ɪɪ,ʊʊ/ are realized as [iː,uː].
**Unstressed /ɪ,ʊ/ (but not /ɪɪ,ʊʊ/) are realized as [ə,o̞].
*/a/ is realized as [ɒ] adjacent to labiovelar consonants.
*Unstressed /a/ and [ə] are realized as
**[o̞] adjacent to labiovelar consonants.
**[ə] if not [o̞].
*Sequences of unstressed [ə] or [o̞] and stressed /a/ are realized as [aː] or [ɒː] respectively.
**[aː] is realized as [ɒː] adjacent to labiovelar consonants except [w] or [ɣʷ].


[[Category:Knrawi IPA guides]]
[[Category:Knrawi IPA keys|z]]
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