The charts below show the way in which the IPA represents Zjiiama Knrawi pronunciations. English approximations are loose in some cases and are only intended to give a general idea of the pronunciation. For more information, see Help:IPA.
This page is only for the variety of Knrawi spoken on Zjiiama Island. For other varieties see Knrawi IPA keys.
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|
| IPA |
Example |
Translation |
(near) equivalent
|
| Vowels
|
| a
|
agu
|
face
|
father
|
| aː
|
aà
|
to say
|
father
|
| ɒ
|
kjaw
|
to puncture
|
bot
|
| ɒː
|
uái
|
lizard
|
bot
|
| ə
|
sheya
|
large island
|
about
|
| i
|
it
|
head
|
beet
|
| iː
|
krií
|
to die
|
beet
|
| o̞
|
zjeyu
|
shore
|
boat
|
| u
|
cuy
|
angry
|
boot
|
| uː
|
auu
|
dog
|
boot
|
| Tones
|
| ˥
|
ik
|
to see
|
| ˩
|
ìy
|
to break
|
| ˥˩
|
shû
|
east
|
|
Differences from standard Knrawi
- ⫽n⫽ and ⫽ŋ⫽ do not assimilate.
- ⫽k̟,k̟ʰ,k̟ˣ,x̟,x̟ʰ,x̟ˣ⫽ are realized as [t͡ʃ,t͡ʃʰ,t͡ʃˣ,ʃ,ʃʰ,xʲ].
- ⫽k̟,k̟ʰ,k̟ˣ,x̟,x̟ʰ⫽ adjacent to ⫽ɪ⫽ are realized as [kʲ,kʲʰ,kʲˣ,xʲ,xʲʰ].
- ⫽k̠,k̠ʰ,k̠ˣ,x̠⫽ are realized as [k,kʰ,kˣ,x].
- ⫽tˣ⫽ and [pˣ] are realized as [t͡sˣ] and [p͡fˣ].
- ⫽ʍ⫽ is realized as [xʷ].
- /θ,θʰ,θˣ/ are realized as [s,sʰ,sˣ].
- Labialized /θ,θʰ,θˣ/ are realized as [f,fʰ,fˣ].
- /ɹ⫽ is realized as [r].
- Labialized ⫽ɹ⫽ is realized as [v] (which doesn't merge with [w]).
- Fortified ⫽ɹ⫽ is realized as [z].
- ⫽ɉ⫽ is realized as [ɰ].
- Fortified ⫽ɉ⫽ is realized as [ɣ].
- ⫽ɉ⫽ and [j,w] adjacent to high vowels are realized as [ɣ] and [ʝ,ɣʷ].
- Fortition occurs word-finally.
- [ʔ̞] is realized as [ʔ] word-finally.
- Voiced geminants are glottalized.
- Sequences of [ʔ̞] and voiced consonants are realized as glottalized consonants.
- Syllabic consonants are realized as [əC].
- Word-initial and pre-sonorant syllabic consonants are realized as [Cə].
- Syllabic consonants with an identical adjacent consonant are realized as [əCˀ] or [Cˀə].
- ⫽ɪ,ʊ⫽ are realized as [i,u].
- ⫽ɪɪ,ʊʊ⫽ are realized as [iː,uː].
- Unstressed ⫽ɪ,ʊ⫽ (but not ⫽ɪɪ,ʊʊ⫽) are realized as [ə,o̞].
- ⫽a⫽ is realized as [ɒ] adjacent to labiovelar consonants.
- Unstressed ⫽a⫽ and [ə] are realized as
- [o̞] adjacent to labiovelar consonants.
- [ə] if not [o̞].
- Sequences of unstressed [ə] or [o̞] and stressed ⫽a⫽ are realized as [aː] or [ɒː] respectively.
- [aː] is realized as [ɒː] adjacent to labiovelar consonants except [w] or [ɣʷ].