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Kaikiwan: Difference between revisions
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===Hawaii=== | ===Hawaii=== | ||
The vast majority of Kaikiwan natives and L2 speakers alike live in Hawaii, specifically in Honolulu, with about 67% of the Kaikiwan diaspora living in Hawaii. Most Kaikiwan village elders also live in Hawaii, apart from the ''Pa‘éne-ikipíwa'' village, that still inhabit the eastern coast of Kaikiwi Island. | The vast majority of Kaikiwan natives and L2 speakers alike live in Hawaii, specifically in Honolulu, with about 67% of the Kaikiwan diaspora living in Hawaii. Most Kaikiwan village elders also live in Hawaii, apart from the ''Pa‘éne-ikipíwa'' village, that still inhabit the eastern coast of Kaikiwi Island. | ||
==Phonology== | ==Phonology== | ||
===Orthography=== | ===Orthography=== | ||
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The glottal stop is represented by two glyphs: in initial position, the glyph ⟨t⟩ is used, where as in any other positions, the ⟨‘⟩(''ókina''), derived from Hawaiian orthography, is used. | The glottal stop is represented by two glyphs: in initial position, the glyph ⟨t⟩ is used, where as in any other positions, the ⟨‘⟩(''ókina''), derived from Hawaiian orthography, is used. | ||
====Nasal palatalisation==== | |||
When /n/ is followed by /i/ or /a/, it palatalises and becomes [ɲ]. | When /n/ is followed by /i/ or /a/, it palatalises and becomes [ɲ]. The only exception to this rule is ''‘na'', which is a particle that roughly translates to "as" or "in the same way". ''‘na'' is pronounced [na]. | ||
===Vowels=== | ===Vowels=== | ||
{| class=wikitable style="text-align: center;" | {| class=wikitable style="text-align: center;" | ||
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| a || (ä)<ref>Substitution for /a/, mostly used by L2 speakers who are not familiar with native phonetics.</ref> || || aː || colspan=2 | | | a || (ä)<ref>Substitution for /a/, mostly used by L2 speakers who are not familiar with native phonetics.</ref> || || aː || colspan=2 | | ||
|} | |} | ||
===Prosody=== | ===Prosody=== | ||
====Intonation==== | ====Intonation==== | ||
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Kaikiwan intonation is technically phonemic, meaning semantics can change based on tone pronunciation alone, though in practice very few words distinguish between themselves solely on tone. A commonly used example of this in the language itself would be the word for the islands of Hawai'i, ''húwui'', and the word for "salmon", ''hùwui'', although ''hùwui'' is an archaic term, and most modern speakers prefer the term ''sámo'', based on the English term. | Kaikiwan intonation is technically phonemic, meaning semantics can change based on tone pronunciation alone, though in practice very few words distinguish between themselves solely on tone. A commonly used example of this in the language itself would be the word for the islands of Hawai'i, ''húwui'', and the word for "salmon", ''hùwui'', although ''hùwui'' is an archaic term, and most modern speakers prefer the term ''sámo'', based on the English term. | ||
===Phonotactics=== | ===Phonotactics=== | ||
Kaikiwan has a (C/W)V(V)(C/W) syllable structure, where W is /w/ or any labialised consonant, like /pʷ/. | Kaikiwan has a (C/W)V(V)(C/W) syllable structure, where W is /w/ or any labialised consonant, like /pʷ/. | ||
===Morphophonology=== | ===Morphophonology=== | ||
Kaikiwan has a ''sandhi'' system similar to the French ''liaison''. The most common type of sandhi in Kaikiwan is what the OPKLC calls ''naso-palatal sandhis'', or when one word ends with a /n/ and the next word begins with a /ʎ/, in which case the two sounds combine into one /ɲ/. A less common sandhi is the ''alveolo-labial sandhi'', where a /t/ and a /w/ side by side merge into a /tù/. | Kaikiwan has a ''sandhi'' system similar to the French ''liaison''. The most common type of sandhi in Kaikiwan is what the OPKLC calls ''naso-palatal sandhis'', or when one word ends with a /n/ and the next word begins with a /ʎ/, in which case the two sounds combine into one /ɲ/. A less common sandhi is the ''alveolo-labial sandhi'', where a /t/ and a /w/ side by side merge into a /tù/. | ||