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Primorskian: Difference between revisions
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{{Infobox language | {{Infobox language | ||
|name = Primorskian | |name = Primorskian | ||
|nativename = jãrúmkai lazbu<br>йãру́мкаи лазбу<br>ᛃᚨᚱᚢᛗᚲᚨᛁ ᛚᚨᛉᛒᚢ | |nativename = jãrúmkai lazbu<br />йãру́мкаи лазбу<br />ᛃᚨᚱᚢᛗᚲᚨᛁ ᛚᚨᛉᛒᚢ | ||
| | |setting = [[w:Baltic region|Baltic]], [[w:Northern Europe|Northern Europe]] | ||
|states = Primorskia<br>Kalingrad Oblast, [[w:Russian Federation|Russia]]<br>[[w:Latvia|Latvia]] | |states = Primorskia<br>Kalingrad Oblast, [[w:Russian Federation|Russia]]<br>[[w:Latvia|Latvia]] | ||
|familycolor = Indo-European | |familycolor = Indo-European | ||
|fam2 = [[w:Balto-Slavic languages|Balto-Slavic]] | |fam2 = [[w:Balto-Slavic languages|Balto-Slavic]] | ||
|fam3 = [[w:Baltic languages|Baltic]] | |fam3 = [[w:Baltic languages|Baltic]] | ||
|fam4 = Southern Baltic | |fam4 = Southern Baltic | ||
| | |ancestor1 = [[w:Proto-Balto-Slavic language|Proto-Balto-Slavic]] | ||
|ancestor2 = [[w:Proto-Balto-Slavic language|Proto-Baltic]] | |||
| | |ancestor3 = Old Primorskain | ||
| | |ancestor4 = Middle Primorskian | ||
| | |script1 = Latn | ||
| | |script2 = Cyrl | ||
|script3 = Runr | |||
| | |||
|notice = IPA | |notice = IPA | ||
|creator = User:Chei99 | |||
}} | }} | ||
==Introduction== | ==Introduction== | ||
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}} | }} | ||
=== | ===History=== | ||
The origin of the language being with the splitting of the [[w:Proto-Balto-Slavic language|Proto-Balto-Slavic]] languages that then branched into Proto-Baltic and Proto-Slavic which the other branched into Proto-West Baltic, Proto-East Baltic and Proto-South Baltic. Like [[w:Lithuanian language|Lithuanian]] it is highly conservative but a little bit more than the other, retaning many archaic features only found in classical languages like [[w:Sanskrit|Sanskrit]]. It also shares with Lithuanian the most conservative phonology and morpohlogy in Indo-European languages. However, unlike it's forefathers, Primorskian was actually the first Baltic language to be ever attested, with it's earliest writings go back as far as the mid-10th century, where it was inscribed on Viking runes. The earliest documentation is an | The origin of the language being with the splitting of the [[w:Proto-Balto-Slavic language|Proto-Balto-Slavic]] languages that then branched into Proto-Baltic and Proto-Slavic which the other branched into Proto-West Baltic, Proto-East Baltic and Proto-South Baltic. Like [[w:Lithuanian language|Lithuanian]] it is highly conservative but a little bit more than the other, retaning many archaic features only found in classical languages like [[w:Sanskrit|Sanskrit]]. It also shares with Lithuanian the most conservative phonology and morpohlogy in Indo-European languages. However, unlike it's forefathers, Primorskian was actually the first Baltic language to be ever attested, with it's earliest writings go back as far as the mid-10th century, where it was inscribed on Viking runes. The earliest documentation is an manuscript in Old Norse, honoring the peace between Viking lord Arni and Primorskian cheiftain Usarada. | ||
The last two lines of this manuscript, however, is in Early Primorskian: ᛬ᚺᚫᛊ᛫ᚢᛉáᚱᚫᛞᚫ᛫ᚲᛟᚱ᛫ᛗᛁᛊᚺ᛫ᚷᛁᛞᚫᚱᚾᚫᚲᛁ "Has Uzārada kor mish gidarnaki" which translates to "For Usarada whom we worship!" and ᛬ᚹᚢᚲ᛫ᚾᛃᚫ᛫ᛁᚹᚫᛊᛏᚫ᛫ᛈᛚᚫᚲᚫᛊᚫ᛫ᛖ᛫ᛗᛖᚱᚫᛞᚫ᛬ "Vuk nja iwasta plakasa e merada" which translates to "May he bring order and peace!" | |||
In modern spelling both are: "Hás Uzárada kor miš gídarnaki, Vuk ña iwasta plakasa e měrada!". | |||
In the Middle Ages, it was influenced by Middle Low German, the lingua franca of the Hanseatic Leauge at that time, and by such many loanwords from MLG were common such as "atal" (from MLG ''adel''), "amej" (MLG ''amme'') & "farštu" (MLG ''vorste'') . | |||
Some Finnic influence is present like in the other Baltic languages, both in phonology and grammar. Here is an comparison of the Baltic words for "this","that", "what" and "why" showing that the Finno-Estonians were significant in the development of the Primorskian language. | |||
'''This''' | |||
* Lit. ''tai'' | |||
* Lat. ''tas'' | |||
* Pri. ''ti'' | |||
'''That''' | |||
* Lit. ''kad'' | |||
* Lat. ''ka'' | |||
* Pri. ''kej'' | |||
'''What''' | |||
* Lit. ''ką'' | |||
* Lat. ''ko'' | |||
* Pri. ''ku'' | |||
'''Why''' | |||
* Lit. ''kodėl'' | |||
* Lat. ''kādēļ'' | |||
* Pri. ''tojka'' | |||
==Phonology== | ==Phonology== | ||
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===Dependent clauses=== | ===Dependent clauses=== | ||
<!-- etc. etc. --> | <!-- etc. etc. --> | ||
==Vocabulary== | |||
===Indo-European vocabulary=== | |||
Primorskian, like Lithuanian, retains many loanwords found only in classical languages like Sanskrit and Latin. | |||
These words are descended from [[w:Proto-Indo-European language|Proto-Indo-European]]. | |||
* Pri. ''súña'', Lith. and Skt. ''sūnus'' (son) | |||
* Pri. ''ave'', Lith. and Skt. ''avis'' and Latin ''ovis'' (sheep) | |||
* Pri. ''túme'', Lith. ''dūmas'', Skt. ''dhūmas'' and Lat. ''fumus'' (fumes, smoke) | |||
* Pri ''wilga'', Lith. ''vilkas'' and Skt. ''vṛkas'' (wolf) | |||
* Pri. ''nokta'', Lith. ''naktis'', Lat. ''noctes'' and Skt. ''naktis'' (night) | |||
* Pri. ''egnu'', Lith. ''ugnis'', Lat. ''ignis'' and Skt. ''agni'' (fire) | |||
* Pri. ''věri'', Lith. ''vyras'', Lat. ''vir'' (a man) and Skt. ''vīras'' (man) | |||
==Example texts== | ==Example texts== | ||
==Other resources== | ==Other resources== | ||
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[[Category:{{PAGENAME}}]] | [[Category:{{PAGENAME}}]] | ||
[[Category: | [[Category:Languages]] | ||
[[Category:Indo-European languages]] | |||
[[Category:Baltic languages]] | |||