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Phonological history of Valthungian: Difference between revisions

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Phonological history of Valthungian (view source)

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|style="text-align: center;"| ''swam''<br />[swam]
|style="text-align: center;"| ''swam''<br />[swam]
|style="text-align: center;"| ''fyljen''<br />[fʏljən]  
|style="text-align: center;"| ''fyljen''<br />[fʏljən]  
|style="text-align: center;"| ''kant''<br />[kant]
|style="text-align: center;"| ''cant''<br />[kant]
|style="text-align: center;"| ''kunþa''<br />[kʊnθa]
|style="text-align: center;"| ''cunþa''<br />[kʊnθa]
|style="text-align: center;"| ''kenjen''<br />[kɛnjən]
|style="text-align: center;"| ''cenjen''<br />[kɛnjən]
|-
|-
!style="text-align: right;"| Valth:  
!style="text-align: right;"| Valth:  
Line 601: Line 601:
!style="text-align: right;"| MidVal:  
!style="text-align: right;"| MidVal:  
|style="text-align: center;"| ''stivna''<br />[stɪvnə]
|style="text-align: center;"| ''stivna''<br />[stɪvnə]
|style="text-align: center;"| ''gaskêðnɴ''<br />[gəskɛːðnn̩]
|style="text-align: center;"| ''gascêðnɴ''<br />[gəskɛːðnn̩]
|style="text-align: center;"| ''bagᴍs''<br />[baɡm̩s]
|style="text-align: center;"| ''bagᴍs''<br />[baɡm̩s]
|-
|-
Line 880: Line 880:
|style="text-align: center;"| ''wlaðuvni''<br />[wlaðu'''v'''ni]
|style="text-align: center;"| ''wlaðuvni''<br />[wlaðu'''v'''ni]
|style="text-align: center;"| ''wlaðus''<br />[wla'''ð'''us]
|style="text-align: center;"| ''wlaðus''<br />[wla'''ð'''us]
|style="text-align: center;"| ''njuklaga(swô)''<br />[njukla'''ɡ'''aswoʊ̯]
|style="text-align: center;"| ''njuclaga(swô)''<br />[njukla'''ɡ'''aswoʊ̯]
|-
|-
!style="text-align: right;"| Valth:  
!style="text-align: right;"| Valth:  
Line 1,728: Line 1,728:
|}
|}


===Changes to Geminate Nasals I===
===Changes to Geminate Nasals I===
Part of a major change to all geminate consonants in the language that occur around 700ᴀᴅ. We’ll deal with each change separately here.
{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"
!colspan=2 width=1200 style="text-align: left;"|700ᴀᴅ: Nasals are Degeminated
|-
!width=150 style="text-align: right;"| Type:
|width=1050| Phonemic
|-
!style="text-align: right; vertical-align: text-top;"| Rule:
| <span style="font-family: monospace;">'''Cː[+son][+nas] → C[-son][-nas][-cnt][-vox]C '''</span><br />
''“The first consonant of a nasal geminate becomes an unvoiced stop in the same place of articulation.”''
|-
!style="text-align: right; vertical-align: text-top;"| Exhaustive:
| mm → pm<br />nn → tn
|-
!style="text-align: right; vertical-align: text-top;"| Examples:
|
{| class="wikitable"
!width=100| &nbsp;
!width=150| ‘swim’
!width=150| ‘know how’
!width=150| ‘that.ᴅᴀᴛ’
|-
!style="text-align: right;"| PGmc:
|style="text-align: center;"| *''swemmaną''<br />[swemmanã]
|style="text-align: center;"| *''kunnaną''<br />[kunnanã]
|style="text-align: center;"| *''þammai''<br />[θammai̯]
|-
!style="text-align: right;"| Goth:
|style="text-align: center;"| *''swimman''<br />[swɪmman]
|style="text-align: center;"| ''kunnan''<br />[kʊnnan]
|style="text-align: center;"| ''þamma''<br />[θamma]
|-
!style="text-align: right;"| Griut:
|style="text-align: center;"| *''swimman ''<br />[swɪmman]
|style="text-align: center;"| *''kunnan''<br />[kʊnnan]
|style="text-align: center;"| *''þamma''<br />[θamma]
|-
!style="text-align: right; background: #FFDDDD;"| Rule:
|style="text-align: center; background: #FFDDDD;"| *''swipman ''<br />[swɪpman]
|style="text-align: center; background: #FFDDDD;"| *''kutnan''<br />[kʊtnan]
|style="text-align: center; background: #FFDDDD;"| *''þapma''<br />[θapma]
|-
!style="text-align: right;"| OldVal:
|style="text-align: center; background: #FFFFDD;"| *''svipman''<br />[swɪpman]
|style="text-align: center; background: #FFFFDD;"| ''kutnan''<br />[kʊtnan]
|style="text-align: center; background: #FFFFDD;"| ''þapma''<br />[θapma]
|-
!style="text-align: right;"| MidVal:
|style="text-align: center;"| ''switmɴ''<br />[swɪtmn̩]
|style="text-align: center;"| ''cutnɴ''<br />[kʊtnn̩]
|style="text-align: center;"| ''þatma''<br />[θatmə]
|-
!style="text-align: right;"| Valth:
|style="text-align: center;"| ''switman''<br />[switman]
|style="text-align: center;"| ''kutnan''<br />[kutnan]
|style="text-align: center;"| ''þatma''<br />[θatma]
|}
|-
!style="text-align: right;"| Limit:
| 1100ᴀᴅ
|-
!style="text-align: right; vertical-align: text-top;"| Persistence:
| Persistent until at least Late Old Valthungian, evidenced by Latin geminates undergoing the process after the Old Valthungian period. The resulting pm sequences resulting from mm later undergo shift to tm during [[#Changes_to_Geminate_Nasals_II|Changes to Geminate Nasals II]].
|-
!style="text-align: right; vertical-align: text-top;"| Phonemic Inventory:
| (''unchanged'') Phonotactics no longer allow geminate sequences.
'''Consonants'''
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
| ⟨
|width=25| p
|width=25| t
|width=25| k
|width=25| kw
|width=25| b
|width=25| d
|width=25| g
|width=25| gw
|width=25| hw
|width=25| f
|width=25| þ
|width=25| s
|width=25| z
|width=25| x
|width=25| h
|width=25| m
|width=25| n
|width=25| l
|width=25| r
|width=25| j
|width=25| w
| ⟩
|-
| /
| p || t || k || kw || b || d || ɡ || ɡw || hw
| ɸ || θ || s || z || x || h
| m || n || l || r || j || w
| /
|-
| [
| p~pʰ || t~tʰ || k~kʰ || kw~kʷ || b~β || d~ð || ɡ~ɣ || ɡw~ɡʷ || hw~hʷ~ʍ
| ɸ || θ || s || z || x || h
| m || n~ŋ || l || r~ɾ || j || w
|]
|}
'''Vowels'''
{|| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
| ⟨
|width=25| i
|width=25| e
|width=25| a
|width=25| o
|width=25| u
|width=25| ī
|width=25| ē
|width=25| ǣ
|width=25| ā
|width=25| ǭ
|width=25| ō
|width=25| ū
|width=25| iu
| ⟩
|-
| /
| i || e || a || o || u
| iː || eː || ɛː || ɑː || ɔː || oː || uː
| iw
| /
|-
| [
| ɪ || ɛ || a || ɔ || ʊ
| iː || eː || ɛː || ɑː || ɔː || oː || uː
| ɪʊ̯
| ]
|}
|}
===Changes to Geminate Liquids===
===Changes to Geminate Liquids===
Part of a major change to all geminate consonants in the language that occur around 700ᴀᴅ. We’ll deal with each change separately here.
{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"
!colspan=2 width=1200 style="text-align: left;"|700ᴀᴅ: Liquids are Degeminated
|-
!width=150 style="text-align: right;"| Type:
|width=1050| Phonemic
|-
!style="text-align: right; vertical-align: text-top;"| Rule:
| <span style="font-family: monospace;">'''Cː[+son][-nas] → C[-son][-cnt]C '''</span><br />
''“The first consonant of a liquid geminate becomes a voiced stop in the same place of articulation.”''
|-
!style="text-align: right; vertical-align: text-top;"| Exhaustive:
| ll → dl<br />rr → dr
|-
!style="text-align: right; vertical-align: text-top;"| Notes:
| ''/dl/ comes to be realized as [dɮ]. Its exact articulation at the time of this rule is not clear, but is not subject to persistent [[#Spirantisation_II|Spirantisation II]], so not precisely [dl].''
|-
!style="text-align: right; vertical-align: text-top;"| Examples:
|
{| class="wikitable"
!width=100| &nbsp;
!width=150| ‘to fall’
!width=150| ‘far from’
!width=150| ‘that.ᴅᴀᴛ’
|-
!style="text-align: right;"| PGmc:
|style="text-align: center;"| *''fallaną''<br />[fallaną]
|style="text-align: center;"| *''ferrai''<br />[ferrai̯]
|style="text-align: center;"| *''skellaną''<br />[skellanã]
|-
!style="text-align: right;"| Goth:
|style="text-align: center;"| ''fallan''<br />[fallan]
|style="text-align: center;"| ''fairra''<br />[ferra]
|style="text-align: center;"| *''skillan''<br />[skillan]
|-
!style="text-align: right;"| Griut:
|style="text-align: center;"| *''fallan''<br />[fallan]
|style="text-align: center;"| *''ferra''<br />[ferra]
|style="text-align: center;"| *''skillan''<br />[skillan]
|-
!style="text-align: right; background: #FFDDDD;"| Rule:
|style="text-align: center; background: #FFDDDD;"| *''fadlan ''<br />[fađlan]
|style="text-align: center; background: #FFDDDD;"| *''fedra''<br />[feđra]
|style="text-align: center; background: #FFDDDD;"| *''skidlan''<br />[skiđlan]
|-
!style="text-align: right;"| OldVal:
|style="text-align: center; background: #FFFFDD;"| ''fadlan''<br />[fađlan]
|style="text-align: center; background: #FFFFDD;"| *''fedra''<br />[feđra]
|style="text-align: center; background: #FFFFDD;"| *''skidlan''<br />[skiđlan]
|-
!style="text-align: right;"| MidVal:
|style="text-align: center;"| ''fadlɴ''<br />[fadln̩]
|style="text-align: center;"| ''fedra''<br />[fedrə]
|style="text-align: center;"| ''scidlɴ''<br />[skɪdln̩]
|-
!style="text-align: right;"| Valth:
|style="text-align: center;"| ''fadlan''<br />[fadlan]
|style="text-align: center;"| ''fedra''<br />[fedra]
|style="text-align: center;"| ''skidlan''<br />[skidlan]
|}
|-
!style="text-align: right;"| Limit:
| 1100ᴀᴅ
|-
!style="text-align: right; vertical-align: text-top;"| Persistence:
| Persistent until at least Late Old Valthungian, evidenced by Latin geminates undergoing the process after the Old Valthungian period.
|-
!style="text-align: right; vertical-align: text-top;"| Phonemic Inventory:
| (''unchanged'') Phonotactics no longer allow geminate sequences.
'''Consonants'''
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
| ⟨
|width=25| p
|width=25| t
|width=25| k
|width=25| kw
|width=25| b
|width=25| d
|width=25| g
|width=25| gw
|width=25| hw
|width=25| f
|width=25| þ
|width=25| s
|width=25| z
|width=25| x
|width=25| h
|width=25| m
|width=25| n
|width=25| l
|width=25| r
|width=25| j
|width=25| w
| ⟩
|-
| /
| p || t || k || kw || b || d || ɡ || ɡw || hw
| ɸ || θ || s || z || x || h
| m || n || l || r || j || w
| /
|-
| [
| p~pʰ || t~tʰ || k~kʰ || kw~kʷ || b~β || d~ð || ɡ~ɣ || ɡw~ɡʷ || hw~hʷ~ʍ
| ɸ || θ || s || z || x || h
| m || n~ŋ || l || r~ɾ || j || w
|]
|}
'''Vowels'''
{|| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
| ⟨
|width=25| i
|width=25| e
|width=25| a
|width=25| o
|width=25| u
|width=25| ī
|width=25| ē
|width=25| ǣ
|width=25| ā
|width=25| ǭ
|width=25| ō
|width=25| ū
|width=25| iu
| ⟩
|-
| /
| i || e || a || o || u
| iː || eː || ɛː || ɑː || ɔː || oː || uː
| iw
| /
|-
| [
| ɪ || ɛ || a || ɔ || ʊ
| iː || eː || ɛː || ɑː || ɔː || oː || uː
| ɪʊ̯
| ]
|}
|}
===Metathesis===
===Metathesis===
===Deletion of s after r===
===Deletion of s after r===
Retrieved from "https://linguifex.com/wiki/Special:MobileDiff/365821...366013"