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| name = Kimow
| name = Kimow
| nativename = kimow
| nativename = kimow
| altname = Kimau<ref name="kimau">Original exonym of the language before widespread English-based romanisation, now only used in German in the form of *kimauisch*.</ref>
| altname = Kimau<ref name="kimau">Original exonym of the language before widespread English-based romanisation, now only used in German in the form of ''kimauisch''.</ref>
| pronunciation = ˈkʰím.ǒʊ]<br>[ˈkʰǐm.ɑ̄w
| pronunciation = ˈkʰím.ǒʊ]<br>[ˈkʰǐɯ.ɑ̄w
| creator = User:Jukethatbox
| creator = User:Jukethatbox
| created = 2024
| created = 2024
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| notice = ipa
| notice = ipa
}}
}}
'''Kimow'''(/kiːmoʊ/, ''kimow''; <small>Kimow:</small> [[Help:IPA|[ˈkʰím.ǒʊ]]] or [[Help:IPA|[ˈkʰǐm.ɑ̄w]]]), also(but less commonly) called '''Kimau''',<ref name="kimau"></ref> is a language isolate that is notorious for the fact that the majority of its words are homonyms, meaning they have various meanings. For example, the name of the language, Kimow, can mean "Kimow"(adj.), "the Kimow language", "the Kimow people", "an ethnic Kimow", "a Kimow speaker(so not necessarily an ethnic Kimow)", "a member of the Kimow diaspora", "Kimow food" or "a Kimow city". There are also only two main dialects, the '''Kimo''' and the '''Wakki''', and their homonymic meanings differ greatly at times, making mutual understanding difficult. Tone and phonology vary slightly as well, though not as greatly and are thus more mutually intelligible.
'''Kimow'''(/kiːmoʊ/, ''[[Contionary:kimow|kimow]]''; <small>Kimow:</small> [[Help:IPA|[ˈkʰím.ǒʊ]]] or [[Help:IPA|[ˈkʰǐɯ.ɑ̄w]]]), also(but less commonly) called '''Kimau''',<ref name="kimau"></ref> is a language isolate that is notorious for the fact that the majority of its words are homonyms, meaning they have various meanings. For example, the name of the language, Kimow, can mean "Kimow"(adj.), "the Kimow language", "the Kimow people", "an ethnic Kimow", "a Kimow speaker(so not necessarily an ethnic Kimow)", "a member of the Kimow diaspora", "Kimow food" or "a Kimow city". There are also only two main dialects, the '''Kimo''' and the '''Wakki''', and their homonymic meanings differ greatly at times, making mutual understanding difficult. Tone and phonology vary slightly as well, though not as greatly and are thus more mutually intelligible.
==Phonology==
==Phonology==
===Orthography===
===Orthography===
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|-
|-
! Letter<br>(Maj-min)
! Letter<br>(Maj-min)
| A a || B b || C  c || D d || E e || F f || G g || H h || Ḥ ḥ || I i || K k || Ḵ ḵ || L l || M m || N n || O o || P p || S s || T t || U u || W w || V v || Y y || Z z
| A a || B b || C  c || D d || E e || F f || G g || H h || Ḥ ḥ || I i || J j || K k || Ḵ ḵ || L l || M m || N n || O o || Ö<br>ö || P p || S s || T t || U u || W w || V v || Y y || Z z
|-
|-
! IPA
! IPA
| a || bʱ || c || dʱ || e<br><span style=color:green>ɘ</span> || f || gʱ<br>ʔ<ref>When placed before /k/.</ref> || h || ɦ || i || kʰ || q || l || m || n<br>ŋ<ref>Before a velar plosive only.</ref> || <span style=color:red>o</span><br><span style=color:blue>ɑ</span> || pʰ || s || tʰ ||  colspan=2 | <span style=color:red>u/ʊ</span><br><span style=color:blue>w</span><ref name="ʊ"></ref>  || v || j || z
| a || bʱ || c || dʱ || e<br><span style=color:green>ɘ</span> || f || gʱ<br>ʔ<ref>When placed before /k/.</ref> || h || ɦ || i || ɟ<br><span style=color:green>g̟</span>|| kʰ || q || l || m<br><span style=color:blue>ɯ</span><ref name="meu"></ref>|| n<br>ŋ<ref>Before a velar plosive only.</ref> || <span style=color:red>o</span><br><span style=color:blue>ɑ</span> || ø<br><span style=color:green>ɵ</span>/<span style=color:green>œ</span>|| pʰ || s || tʰ ||  colspan=2 | <span style=color:red>u/ʊ</span><br><span style=color:blue>w</span><ref name="ʊ"></ref>  || v || j || z
|}
|}


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! rowspan=3 | Plosive
! rowspan=3 | Plosive
! pulmonic
! pulmonic
| || || || c ɟ || || q ɢ || ʔ
| || || || c ɟ || || q || ʔ
|-
|-
! aspirated
! aspirated
| pʰ bʱ || || tʰ dʱ || || kʰ gʱ || ||  
| pʰ bʱ || || tʰ dʱ || || kʰ gʱ || ||  
|-
|-
! ejective/glottalised<ref name="ejective">See [[Kimow#Ejective controversy]].</ref>
! ejective
| pʼ bʼ<br>p͡ʔ b͡ʔ || || tʼ<br>t͡ʔ|| || || qʼ ɢʼ<br>q͡ʔ ɢ͡ʔ ||  
| pʼ bʼ || || tʼ|| || kʼ gʼ || qʼ||  
|-
|-
! colspan=2 | Nasal
! colspan=2 | Nasal
| m || || n || ɲ || ŋ || ||
| m<ref>Pronounced as [ɯ] in Wakki dialects.</ref>|| || n || ɲ || ŋ || ||
|-
|-
! rowspan=2 | Fricative
! rowspan=2 | Fricative
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| || f v || s z || ç || || || h ɦ
| || f v || s z || ç || || || h ɦ
|-
|-
! ejective/glottalised<ref name="ejective"></ref>
! ejective
| || fʼ vʼ<br>f͡ʔ v͡ʔ || sʼ zʼ <br>s͡ʔ z͡ʔ || || || ||  
| || fʼ vʼ|| sʼ zʼ || || || ||  
|-
|-
! rowspan=2 | Approximant
! rowspan=2 | Approximant
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|-
|-
! lateral
! lateral
| || || l || || ɫ ||  
| || || l || || ɫ || ||
|}
|}
====Ejective controversy====
====Dentalisation====
There is an ongoing debate on whether the doubled consonants of Kimow(''kk'', ''gg'' and so forth) are [[w:Ejective consonant|'''ejective''']] consonants or '''diphthongs with a glottal stop'''. Previous studies have tried to link the two sets of different sounds to dialectical difference between Kimo and Wakki, but no correlation was found between use of glottal diphthongs or ejectives on dialectic differences alone. Subsequent studies on less spoken dialects, such as Kemhu Kka and Mukku found no correlation either. Thus, the theory that use of ejectives or glottal diphthongs depends on dialect is now generally considered outdated and disproven, though a replacement theory with substantial evidence has yet to be found. Until such a theory is proposed, the linguistic community has agreed that the differences are completely arbitrary and are sometimes up to the speaker.
When an alveolar plosive([t] or [d]) is behind a voiced fricative([z] or [v]), the plosive is dentalised, turning into [t̪] or [d̪]. This rule is present in all dialects apart from the moribund Mukku dialect.
 
===Vowels===
===Vowels===
<span style="color:red">Red</span> sounds are exclusive to Kimo dialects, while <span style="color:blue">blue</span> sounds are exclusive to Wakki dialects. <span style="color:green">Green</span> sounds are exclusive to Igkin dialects, which although are a subset of Kimo dialects, do have some different sounds. Black sounds are in all sets of dialects.
<span style="color:red">Red</span> sounds are exclusive to Kimo dialects, while <span style="color:blue">blue</span> sounds are exclusive to Wakki dialects. <span style="color:green">Green</span> sounds are exclusive to Igkin dialects, which although are a subset of Kimo dialects, do have some different sounds. Black sounds are in all sets of dialects.
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|-
|-
! Close
! Close
| i || ||  || <span style="color:blue">ɯ</span><ref>Allophone of [m] in initial position.</ref> <span style="color: red">u</span><ref name="ʊ">In Wakki dialects, the [u]/[ʊ] is substituted by [w] in most cases.</ref>
| i || ||  || <span style="color:blue">ɯ</span><ref name="meu">Allophone of [m]</ref> <span style="color: red">u</span><ref name="ʊ">In Wakki dialects, the [u]/[ʊ] is substituted by [w] in most cases.</ref>
|-
|-
! Near-close
! Near-close
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| a <span style="color:green">œ</span><ref>Alternative allophone of /ø/, though [ø] is still more widely used.</ref> || || <span style="color:blue">ɑ</span><ref>Wakki variant of Kimo [o].</ref>
| a <span style="color:green">œ</span><ref>Alternative allophone of /ø/, though [ø] is still more widely used.</ref> || || <span style="color:blue">ɑ</span><ref>Wakki variant of Kimo [o].</ref>
|}
|}
===Prosody===
===Prosody===
====Stress====
====Stress====
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===Phonotactics===
===Phonotactics===
===Morphophonology===
===Morphophonology===
==Morphology==
==Morphology==
===Homonyms===
===Homonyms===
Kimow is notorious for the fact that many of its words are homonyms with various meanings that can differ greatly from each other. Additionally, these different meanings can sometimes be simply up to dialectic difference, such as in the word ''vesi''(''visi'' in Wakki dialects). To analyse the many meanings of a typical Kimow word, one can use the Itou table, as so:
Kimow is notorious for the fact that many of its words are homonyms with various meanings that can differ greatly from each other. Additionally, these different meanings can sometimes be simply up to dialectic difference, such as in the word ''vesi''(''visi'' in Wakki dialects). To analyse the many meanings of a typical Kimow word, one can use the Itou table, as so:
{| class=wikitable style="text-align: center;"
{{itou-standard|vesi|kimo=věsȉ|igkin=vɘ̌sȉ|wakki=vēsì|meaning1=bicycle<br>vehicle<br>two-wheeled vehicle<br>two wheels<br>(''coll.'') Dutch/Netherlands<br>Amsterdam<br>bridge for bicycles<br>bicycle path|meaning2=boat<br>ship<br>cargo ship<br>ship cargo<br>navy<br>sailor<br>(''rare'') United Kingdom<br>(''rare'') United States}}
|+ Itou table for ''vesi''
===Pronouns===
====Personal====
Personal pronouns are only used in Kimo dialects. In Wakki dialects, the subject is inferred through verb conjugation alone.
{| class=wikitable style="text-align:center;"
! colspan=2 | !! Singular !! Plural
|-
! rowspan=3 | Person
! First
| ''ku''<br>[[Help:IPA|[kʰú]]] || ''sagku''<br>[[Help:IPA|[sáʔ.kʰȕ]]]
|-
|-
! !! Kimo !! Wakki
! Second
| ''seḵ''<br>[[Help:IPA|[sèq]<br>[sɘ̀q]]] || ''iḵḵim''<br>[[Help:IPA|[íqʼǐm]]]
|-
|-
! Word
! Third
| colspan=2 | ''vesi''  
| ''vu''<br>[[Help:IPA|[vù]]]|| ''sutvu''<br>[[Help:IPA|[sút̪.vú]]]
|}
====Demonstrative====
Demonstrative pronouns are placed after the noun they are describing.
{| class=wikitable style="text-align: center;"
! !! Near !! Far
|-
|-
! Pronunciation
! Singular
| [[Help:IPA|[věsȉ]]]<br>[[Help:IPA|[vɘ̌sȉ]]] || [[Help:IPA|[vēsì]]]
| ''ki''<br>[[Help:IPA|[kʰí]<br>[kʰǐ]]] || ''keḥki''<br>[[Help:IPA|[kʰé.ɦkì]<br>[kʰě.ɦkì]]]
|-
|-
! Meaning<br>1...''n''
! Plural
| bicycle<br>vehicle<br>two-wheeled vehicle<br>two wheels<br>(''coll.'') Dutch/Netherlands<br>Amsterdam<br>bridge for bicycles<br>bicycle path || boat<br>ship<br>cargo ship<br>ship cargo<br>navy<br>sailor<br>(''rare'') United Kingdom<br>(''rare'') United States
| ''ka''<br>[[Help:IPA|[kʰà]<br>[kʰǎ]]] || ''keḥka''<br>[[Help:IPA|[kʰé.ɦkà]<br>[kʰě.ɦkà]]]
|}
|}


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