2,831
edits
Kimow: Difference between revisions
→Demonstrative
Jukethatbox (talk | contribs) |
Jukethatbox (talk | contribs) |
||
| (12 intermediate revisions by the same user not shown) | |||
| Line 26: | Line 26: | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Letter<br>(Maj-min) | ! Letter<br>(Maj-min) | ||
| A a || B b || C c || D d || E e || F f || G g || H h || Ḥ ḥ || I i || K k || Ḵ ḵ || L l || M m || N n || O o || Ö ö || P p || S s || T t || U u || W w || V v || Y y || Z z | | A a || B b || C c || D d || E e || F f || G g || H h || Ḥ ḥ || I i || J j || K k || Ḵ ḵ || L l || M m || N n || O o || Ö<br>ö || P p || S s || T t || U u || W w || V v || Y y || Z z | ||
|- | |- | ||
! IPA | ! IPA | ||
| a || bʱ || c || dʱ || e<br><span style=color:green>ɘ</span> || f || gʱ<br>ʔ<ref>When placed before /k/.</ref> || h || ɦ || i || kʰ || q || l || m<br><span style=color:blue>ɯ</span><ref name="meu"></ref>|| n<br>ŋ<ref>Before a velar plosive only.</ref> || <span style=color:red>o</span><br><span style=color:blue>ɑ</span> || ø<br><span style=color:green>ɵ</span>/<span style=color:green>œ</span>|| pʰ || s || tʰ || colspan=2 | <span style=color:red>u/ʊ</span><br><span style=color:blue>w</span><ref name="ʊ"></ref> || v || j || z | | a || bʱ || c || dʱ || e<br><span style=color:green>ɘ</span> || f || gʱ<br>ʔ<ref>When placed before /k/.</ref> || h || ɦ || i || ɟ<br><span style=color:green>g̟</span>|| kʰ || q || l || m<br><span style=color:blue>ɯ</span><ref name="meu"></ref>|| n<br>ŋ<ref>Before a velar plosive only.</ref> || <span style=color:red>o</span><br><span style=color:blue>ɑ</span> || ø<br><span style=color:green>ɵ</span>/<span style=color:green>œ</span>|| pʰ || s || tʰ || colspan=2 | <span style=color:red>u/ʊ</span><br><span style=color:blue>w</span><ref name="ʊ"></ref> || v || j || z | ||
|} | |} | ||
| Line 48: | Line 48: | ||
|- | |- | ||
! colspan=2 | Nasal | ! colspan=2 | Nasal | ||
| m || || n || ɲ || ŋ || || | | m<ref>Pronounced as [ɯ] in Wakki dialects.</ref>|| || n || ɲ || ŋ || || | ||
|- | |- | ||
! rowspan=2 | Fricative | ! rowspan=2 | Fricative | ||
| Line 64: | Line 64: | ||
| || || l || || ɫ || || | | || || l || || ɫ || || | ||
|} | |} | ||
====Dentalisation==== | |||
When an alveolar plosive([t] or [d]) is behind a voiced fricative([z] or [v]), the plosive is dentalised, turning into [t̪] or [d̪]. This rule is present in all dialects apart from the moribund Mukku dialect. | |||
===Vowels=== | ===Vowels=== | ||
| Line 113: | Line 115: | ||
Kimow is notorious for the fact that many of its words are homonyms with various meanings that can differ greatly from each other. Additionally, these different meanings can sometimes be simply up to dialectic difference, such as in the word ''vesi''(''visi'' in Wakki dialects). To analyse the many meanings of a typical Kimow word, one can use the Itou table, as so: | Kimow is notorious for the fact that many of its words are homonyms with various meanings that can differ greatly from each other. Additionally, these different meanings can sometimes be simply up to dialectic difference, such as in the word ''vesi''(''visi'' in Wakki dialects). To analyse the many meanings of a typical Kimow word, one can use the Itou table, as so: | ||
{{itou-standard|vesi|kimo=věsȉ|igkin=vɘ̌sȉ|wakki=vēsì|meaning1=bicycle<br>vehicle<br>two-wheeled vehicle<br>two wheels<br>(''coll.'') Dutch/Netherlands<br>Amsterdam<br>bridge for bicycles<br>bicycle path|meaning2=boat<br>ship<br>cargo ship<br>ship cargo<br>navy<br>sailor<br>(''rare'') United Kingdom<br>(''rare'') United States}} | {{itou-standard|vesi|kimo=věsȉ|igkin=vɘ̌sȉ|wakki=vēsì|meaning1=bicycle<br>vehicle<br>two-wheeled vehicle<br>two wheels<br>(''coll.'') Dutch/Netherlands<br>Amsterdam<br>bridge for bicycles<br>bicycle path|meaning2=boat<br>ship<br>cargo ship<br>ship cargo<br>navy<br>sailor<br>(''rare'') United Kingdom<br>(''rare'') United States}} | ||
===Pronouns=== | |||
====Personal==== | |||
Personal pronouns are only used in Kimo dialects. In Wakki dialects, the subject is inferred through verb conjugation alone. | |||
{| class=wikitable style="text-align:center;" | |||
! colspan=2 | !! Singular !! Plural | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan=3 | Person | |||
! First | |||
| ''ku''<br>[[Help:IPA|[kʰú]]] || ''sagku''<br>[[Help:IPA|[sáʔ.kʰȕ]]] | |||
|- | |||
! Second | |||
| ''seḵ''<br>[[Help:IPA|[sèq]<br>[sɘ̀q]]] || ''iḵḵim''<br>[[Help:IPA|[íqʼǐm]]] | |||
|- | |||
! Third | |||
| ''vu''<br>[[Help:IPA|[vù]]]|| ''sutvu''<br>[[Help:IPA|[sút̪.vú]]] | |||
|} | |||
====Demonstrative==== | |||
Demonstrative pronouns are placed after the noun they are describing. | |||
{| class=wikitable style="text-align: center;" | |||
! !! Near !! Far | |||
|- | |||
! Singular | |||
| ''ki''<br>[[Help:IPA|[kʰí]<br>[kʰǐ]]] || ''keḥki''<br>[[Help:IPA|[kʰé.ɦkì]<br>[kʰě.ɦkì]]] | |||
|- | |||
! Plural | |||
| ''ka''<br>[[Help:IPA|[kʰà]<br>[kʰǎ]]] || ''keḥka''<br>[[Help:IPA|[kʰé.ɦkà]<br>[kʰě.ɦkà]]] | |||
|} | |||
==Syntax== | ==Syntax== | ||