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Jukethatbox (talk | contribs) m (fixed the ipa in the infobox :)) |
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|name = Rówok | |name = Rówok | ||
|nativename = Rówok | |nativename = Rówok | ||
|pronunciation = | |pronunciation = ro:wok | ||
|creator = [[User:Ioscius|Ioscius]] | |creator = [[User:Ioscius|Ioscius]] | ||
|created = 2017 | |created = 2017 | ||
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It is used in the following ways: | It is used in the following ways: | ||
*as a pure instrumental and comitative | *as a pure instrumental and comitative | ||
*as a pure caritive and | *as a pure caritive and acomitative¹ | ||
*as what would seem logical as the direct object of some middle verbs, such as '''play''' | *as what would seem logical as the direct object of some middle verbs, such as '''play''' | ||
*along with the [[#Adverbial form|adverb]] in the sense of a Latin [[:w:Ablative absolute|ablative absolute]] | *along with the [[#Adverbial form|adverb]] in the sense of a Latin [[:w:Ablative absolute|ablative absolute]] | ||
¹Like the [[#Locatives|locative cases]], the instrumental features a semantic allophonic variant. Namely the voiced variant '''-gdx/gXd''' has the meanings listed above, largely translated as '''with''' or "by means of" in English, while the unvoiced version '''-ktX/-kXt''' is used as a '''caritive''' or '''acomitative''', usually translated as "without" or "lacking". | |||
===Nominal derivation=== | ===Nominal derivation=== | ||
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===Basics=== | ===Basics=== | ||
====Verbal number==== | ====Verbal number==== | ||
Verbs are conjugated and [[#Participles| | Verbs are conjugated and [[#Participles|participles]] are declined in three numbers: | ||
*singular | *singular | ||
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#Defining relative clauses are formed by means of a [[#Participles|participial construction]] with the resumptive relativizer '''''dXž''''' (from root '''dyz-''', "do") agreeing in case '''and vocalic phonetic structure''' with the relativized participle, '''but not number'''. It comes directly after the relativized participle for clauses containing just one word (1a), and introduces relative clauses for words with more than one word (1b). | #Defining relative clauses are formed by means of a [[#Participles|participial construction]] with the resumptive relativizer '''''dXž''''' (from root '''dyz-''', "do") agreeing in case '''and vocalic phonetic structure''' with the relativized participle, '''but not number'''. It comes directly after the relativized participle for clauses containing just one word (1a), and introduces relative clauses for words with more than one word (1b). | ||
#Non-defining relative clauses are formed with the [[#True wh- words|short form of the wh- word]] in the appropriate case and aspect, and '''agreeing with the vocalic structure of the verb in the relative clause''' if its subject (2a), otherwise '''with the vocalic structure of the nominal antecedent''' from the main clause (2b). | #Non-defining relative clauses are formed with the [[#True wh- words|short form of the wh- word]] in the appropriate case and aspect, and '''agreeing with the vocalic structure of the verb in the relative clause''' if its subject (2a), otherwise '''with the vocalic structure of the nominal antecedent''' from the main clause (2b). | ||
#Generic relative clauses of the sort "Whosoever should do X..." are formed with a mix of the short form of the wh- word with a phonetically reduced verion of "dXž", namely '''''-Xǧ''''' infixed between it and the case ending, and '''agreeing with the vocalic structure of the verb in the relative clause'''. | #Generic relative clauses of the sort "Whosoever should do X..." are formed with a mix of the short form of the wh- word with a phonetically reduced verion of "dXž", namely '''''-Xǧ-''''' infixed between it and the case ending, and '''agreeing with the vocalic structure of the verb in the relative clause'''. | ||
In the glosses below [brackets] are used to show whence the relativizer draws its vocalic structure. | In the glosses below [brackets] are used to show whence the relativizer draws its vocalic structure. | ||
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| {{sc|instr./comit.}} || {{sc|-gdX / -gXd}} || '''dẊžX''' || '''pẊžX''' || '''pẊmžX''' | | {{sc|instr./comit.}} || {{sc|-gdX / -gXd}} || '''dẊžX''' || '''pẊžX''' || '''pẊmžX''' | ||
|- | |- | ||
| {{sc|caritive}} || {{sc|-ktX / -kXt}} || ''' | | {{sc|caritive}} || {{sc|-ktX / -kXt}} || '''dẊšX''' || '''pẊšX''' || '''pẊnšX''' | ||
|} | |} | ||
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