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|-->
|-->
! 1
! 1
| uunu
| ʊːnʊ
|-
|-
! 2
! 2
| tüö
| toː
|-
|-
! 3
! 3
| ţèé
| ʈɛː
|-
|-
! 4
! 4
|  
| kʷɑtːɔ
|-
|-
! 5
! 5
|  
| kʷɪˑŋɡɛ
|-
|-
! 6
! 6
|  
| sɛː
|-
|-
! 7
! 7
|  
| sɛtːɛ
|-
|-
! 8
! 8
|  
| ɔtːɔː
|-
|-
! 9
! 9
|  
| nɔwɛ
|-
|-
! 10
! 10
|  
| teɣe
|-
|-
! 11
! 11
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|-
|-
! 20
! 20
|  
| βiː
|-
|-
! 30
! 30
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|-
|-
|}
|}
 
==Bantu-esque Indo-European lang==
==Somali-like relative of Zanahi==
====Numerals====
====Numerals====
{| class=wikitable style="text-align:center"
{| class=wikitable style="text-align:center"
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|-->
|-->
! 1
! 1
| cayn
|  
|-
|-
! 2
! 2
| dhow
|  
|-
|-
! 3
! 3
| taray
|  
|-
|-
! 4
! 4
| kodor
|  
|-
|-
! 5
! 5
| fangi
|  
|-
|-
! 6
! 6
| hash
|  
|-
|-
! 7
! 7
| hafti
|  
|-
|-
! 8
! 8
| casti
|  
|-
|-
! 9
! 9
| now
|  
|-
|-
! 10
! 10
| dhas
|  
|-
|-
! 11
! 11
| cayn oo dhas
|  
|-
|-
! 20
! 20
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|-
|-
! 100
! 100
| sinti
|  
|-
|-
! 200
! 200
| dhow sinti
|  
|-
|-
! 1000
! 1000
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|}
|}


==Somali-like Romlang==
==Somali-like relative of Zanahi==
====Numerals====
{| class=wikitable style="text-align:center"
{| class=wikitable style="text-align:center"
|+ Verb conjugation of ''amaal'' "to love" - non-continuous tenses
|+ ???? numerals
! !! colspan="3"| Present !! colspan="3"| Past !! rowspan="2"| Imperative !! rowspan="2"| Jussive
! Symbol !! Cardinal number
|-
|-
! !! Indicative !! Subordinate !! Adjectival !! Affirmative !! Negative !! Adjectival
<!--
! 0
| colspan="2"| ṣifr || ṣifr-
|-->
! 1
| ceyn
|-
|-
!1S
! 2
| amaa || ame || rowspan="6"| amá || amay || rowspan="6"| amays || rowspan="6"| amaý || — || áme
| dhaba
|-
|-
!2S
! 3
| amaas || ames || amays || áma || ámes
| taray
|-
|-
!3S
! 4
| amaa || ame || amay || — || áme
| shodor
|-
|-
!1P
! 5
| amaan || amaan || amayn || — || ameén
| fash
|-
|-
!2P
! 6
| amaad || amaad || amayd || amaád || ameéd
| shag
|-
|-
!3P
! 7
| amaan || amaan || amayn || — || ameén
| hafad
|-
|-
|}
! 8
 
| casta
<!--
|-
==English-like relative of Twench==
! 9
===Swadesh list===
| now
'''Abbreviations:'''
|-
*irr. = irregular (conjugation cannot be predicted from principal parts)
! 10
*pl. = plural
| dhas
*pol. = polite
|-
*arch. = archaic
! 11
<table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;">
| ceyn oo dhas
<tr>
|-
<th>'''No.'''</th>
! 20
<th>[[wikipedia:English language|English]]</th>
| dhabaasan
<th>Unnamed</th>
|-
</tr>
! 30
<tr><th>1</th><th>[[wiktionary:I|I]]</th><td>you</td></tr>
| tiriisan
<tr><th>2</th><th>[[wiktionary:you|you (singular)]]</th><td>woose; tu (arch.)</td></tr>
|-
<tr><th>3</th><th>[[wiktionary:he|he]]</th><td>el</td></tr>
! 40
<tr><th>4</th><th>[[wiktionary:we|we]]</th><td>noose</td></tr>
| shodoorsan
<tr><th>5</th><th>[[wiktionary:you|you (plural)]]</th><td>woose</td></tr>
|-
<tr><th>6</th><th>[[wiktionary:they|they]]</th><td>else</tr>
! 50
<tr><th>7</th><th>[[wiktionary:this|this]]</th><td>cest</td></tr>
| fashaasan
<tr><th>8</th><th>[[wiktionary:that|that]]</th><td>cel</td></tr>
|-
<tr><th>9</th><th>[[wiktionary:here|here]]</th><td>cie</td></tr>
! 60
<tr><th>10</th><th>[[wiktionary:there|there]]</th><td>lay</td></tr>
| shagaasan
<tr
|-
! 70
| haftaasan
|-
! 80
| castaash
an
|-
! 90
| nabaasan
|-
! 100
| sid
|-
! 200
| dhow sid
|-
! 1000
| dahal
|-
! 2000
| dhaba dahal
|-
|}
 
==Somali-like Romlang==
{| class=wikitable style="text-align:center"
|+ Verb conjugation of ''amaal'' "to love" - non-continuous tenses
! !! colspan="3"| Present !! colspan="3"| Past !! rowspan="2"| Imperative !! rowspan="2"| Jussive
|-
! !! Indicative !! Subordinate !! Adjectival !! Affirmative !! Negative !! Adjectival
|-
!1S
| amaa || ame || rowspan="6"| amá || amay || rowspan="6"| amays || rowspan="6"| amaý || — || áme
|-
!2S
| amaas || ames || amays || áma || ámes
|-
!3S
| amaa || ame || amay || — || áme
|-
!1P
| amaan || amaan || amayn || — || ameén
|-
!2P
| amaad || amaad || amayd || amaád || ameéd
|-
!3P
| amaan || amaan || amayn || — || ameén
|-
|}
 
<!--
==English-like relative of Twench==
===Swadesh list===
'''Abbreviations:'''
*irr. = irregular (conjugation cannot be predicted from principal parts)
*pl. = plural
*pol. = polite
*arch. = archaic
<table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;">
<tr>
<th>'''No.'''</th>
<th>[[wikipedia:English language|English]]</th>
<th>Unnamed</th>
</tr>
<tr><th>1</th><th>[[wiktionary:I|I]]</th><td>you</td></tr>
<tr><th>2</th><th>[[wiktionary:you|you (singular)]]</th><td>woose; tu (arch.)</td></tr>
<tr><th>3</th><th>[[wiktionary:he|he]]</th><td>el</td></tr>
<tr><th>4</th><th>[[wiktionary:we|we]]</th><td>noose</td></tr>
<tr><th>5</th><th>[[wiktionary:you|you (plural)]]</th><td>woose</td></tr>
<tr><th>6<


===Universal Declaration of Human Rights (Article 1)===
==Iberian Celtic lang==
Züße Omens naschen leibere es equale in Tinnesse es Jäureb. Isse son tie Rassune es Konscienze tußesse, es isse tieben aun altere in Spiritus tie Fraßerness ager.
{| class="wikitable"
 
! '''No.''' !! [[wikipedia:English language|English]] !! 
==TO BE NAMED==
|-
Tālu khōmīn fārum ya qōnum bi al adran ya al rakhīn talodban. Allāhus mānum ya shankam habēbahun, ya in kāna warākun korbansan tabi bēhun.
| 1 || [[wiktionary:I|I]] || mi
 
|-
'''IPA:''' [taːlu kʰoːmiːn faːɾum ja ʕoːnum bi‿al ʕadɾan ja‿al rakʰiːn talodban ‖ aɫːaːhus maːnum ja ʃaŋkam habeːbahun | ja iŋ‿kaːna waɾaːkun koɾbansan tabi beːhun]
| 2 || [[wiktionary:you|you (singular)]] || tu
 
'''Gloss:''' all-M-CONSTR person.M-PL-GEN free-M-ACC and equal-M-ACC in the dignity.F-GEN and the right.M-PL-GEN MID-give_birth-3PM.SUBJ. Allah-NOM reason.M-ACC and conscience.F-ACC give-PST-3SM.SUBJ-3PM.OBJ, and that like brother.PL-GEN act MID-be-3PF on-3PM.OBJ.
 
{| class=wikitable style="text-align:center"
! Item !! Meaning !! Etymology
|-
|-
| tāl- || all || Romance ''<b>t</b>ot-'' and Germanic '''''all-'''''. Influenced by Arabic ''kull-''.
| 3 || [[wiktionary:he|he]] ||  
|-
|-
| -u- || ''masculine singular'' || Latin ''-<b>u</b>s''. Influenced by Arabic nominative singular ending ''-u(n)''. The singular nature of this word is influenced by Arabic usage.
| 4 || [[wiktionary:we|we]] || nis
|-
|-
| -∅ || ''construct form'' || Arabic.
| 5 || [[wiktionary:you|you (plural)]] || sis
|-
|-
| khōm- || person || Arabic '''''qawm''''' "people". The lack of a definite article after the determiner "all" is influenced by Germanic.
| 6 || [[wiktionary:they|they]] || 
|-
|-
| -ī- || ''masculine plural'' || Latin '''''-ī''''', Arabic ''-<b>ī</b>n''. Considered to come from an earlier form ''*-uy-'', where ''-u-'' is the masculine vowel and ''*-y-'' is the original plural marker. This hypothetical ''*-y-'' is a backformation from the plural endings and is additionally influenced by Esperanto ''-j''.
| 7 || [[wiktionary:this|this]] ||  
|-
|-
| -n || ''genitive'' || Repurposing of Arabic tanween, particularly in the triptote genitive ending ''-i<b>n</b>''. Also influenced by oblique endings in ''-n'' in various languages, such as the Amharic and Esperanto accusatives, German dative plural, etc. The placement of this word in the genitive is influenced by Arabic.
| 8 || [[wiktionary:that|that]] || 
|-
|-
| fār- || free || German '''''frei''''' and Arabic ''ħurr-'' (and its Portuguese descendant ''forro'').
| 9 || [[wiktionary:here|here]] || 
|-
|-
| -u- || ''masculine singular'' || See above.
| 10 || [[wiktionary:there|there]] || 
|-
|-
| -m || ''accusative'' || Latin '''''-m''''' (in ''-um, -am, -em''). This usage of the accusative is influenced by Arabic.
| 11 || [[wiktionary:who|who]] || quien
|-
|-
| ya || and || Gothic ''jah''. Influenced by Persian ''yā'' "or".
| 12 || [[wiktionary:what|what]] || que
|-
|-
| qōn- || equal || Corruption of Proto-Germanic '''''*ebn-''''' (the ancestor of English ''even'') through a hypothetical development ''*ebn- > *eun- > *ōn-'', with a sporadic ''ʕ-'' inserted.
| 13 || [[wiktionary:where|where]] || 
|-
|-
| -u- || ''masculine singular'' || See above.
| 14 || [[wiktionary:when|when]] || quan
|-
|-
| -m || ''accusative'' || See above.
| 15 || [[wiktionary:how|how]] || 
|-
|-
| bi || in || Arabic ''bi-'' and ''fī'' (both of which can mean "in"). The primary meaning is spatial. The usage of spatial "in" to mean "in terms of" is influenced by English.
| 16 || [[wiktionary:not|not]] || ne
|-
|-
| al || the (''definite article'') || Arabic ''al-''. Also influenced by Spanish ''el''. Its usage in this generic sense is influenced by Arabic.
| 17 || [[wiktionary:all|all]] || welho
|-
|-
| adr- || dignity || Influenced by English ''<b>d</b>ignity'' and Arabic ''sha<b>r</b>af''.
| 18 || [[wiktionary:many|many]] || elo
|-
|-
| -a- || ''feminine singular'' || Latin ''-a''. Influenced by Arabic ''-a(h)'', pausal form of the feminine ending ''-at-''.
| 19 || [[wiktionary:some|some]] || negos
|-
|-
| -n || ''genitive'' || Influenced by various oblique forms ending in ''-n'' such as German ''-en'' (dative plural + masculine accusative singular of adjectives + oblique forms of weak nouns/adjectives) and Esperanto ''-n'' (accusative). This usage of the genitive is influenced by Arabic.
| 20 || [[wiktionary:few|few]] ||
|}
 
==Iberian Celtic lang==
{| class="wikitable"
! '''No.''' !! [[wikipedia:English language|English]] !! 
|-
|-
| 1 || [[wiktionary:I|I]] || mi
| 21 || [[wiktionary:other|other]] || alho
|-
|-
| 2 || [[wiktionary:you|you (singular)]] || tu
| 22 || [[wiktionary:one|one]] || ono
|-
|-
| 3 || [[wiktionary:he|he]] ||  
| 23 || [[wiktionary:two|two]] || duo
|-
|-
| 4 || [[wiktionary:we|we]] || nis
| 24 || [[wiktionary:three|three]] || tris
|-
|-
| 5 || [[wiktionary:you|you (plural)]] || sis
| 25 || [[wiktionary:four|four]] || quiodres
|-
|-
| 6 || [[wiktionary:they|they]] ||
| 26 || [[wiktionary:five|five]] || quinque
|-
|-
| 7 || [[wiktionary:this|this]] ||  
| 27 || [[wiktionary:big|big]] || maro
|-
|-
| 8 || [[wiktionary:that|that]] ||
| 28 || [[wiktionary:long|long]] || siro
|-
|-
| 9 || [[wiktionary:here|here]] ||   
| 29 || [[wiktionary:wide|wide]] ||   
|-
|-
| 10 || [[wiktionary:there|there]] ||
| 30 || [[wiktionary:thick|thick]] || tievo
|-
|-
| 11 || [[wiktionary:who|who]] || quien
| 31 || [[wiktionary:heavy|heavy]] ||
|-
|-
| 12 || [[wiktionary:what|what]] || que
| 32 || [[wiktionary:small|small]] || beco
|-
|-
| 13 || [[wiktionary:where|where]] ||
| 33 || [[wiktionary:short|short]] || berro
|-
|-
| 14 || [[wiktionary:when|when]] || quan
| 34 || [[wiktionary:narrow|narrow]] || ango 
|-
|-
| 15 || [[wiktionary:how|how]] ||   
| 35 || [[wiktionary:thin|thin]] ||   
|-
|-
| 16 || [[wiktionary:not|not]] || ne
| 36 || [[wiktionary:woman|woman]] || biena
|-
|-
| 17 || [[wiktionary:all|all]] || welho
| 37 || [[wiktionary:man|man (adult male)]] || vero
|-
|-
| 18 || [[wiktionary:many|many]] || elo
| 38 || [[wiktionary:man|man (human being)]] || duenho
|-
|-
| 19 || [[wiktionary:some|some]] || negos
| 39 || [[wiktionary:child|child]] || maco
|-
|-
| 20 || [[wiktionary:few|few]] ||  
| 40 || [[wiktionary:wife|wife]] ||
|-
|-
| 21 || [[wiktionary:other|other]] || alho
| 41 || [[wiktionary:husband|husband]] ||
|-
|-
| 22 || [[wiktionary:one|one]] || ono
| 42 || [[wiktionary:mother|mother]] || madre 
|-
|-
| 23 || [[wiktionary:two|two]] || duo
| 43 || [[wiktionary:father|father]] || adre 
|-
|-
| 24 || [[wiktionary:three|three]] || tris
| 44 || [[wiktionary:animal|animal]] || milo 
|-
|-
| 25 || [[wiktionary:four|four]] || quiodres
| 45 || [[wiktionary:fish|fish]] || esco
|-
|-
| 26 || [[wiktionary:five|five]] || quinque
| 46 || [[wiktionary:bird|bird]] ||
|-
|-
| 27 || [[wiktionary:big|big]] || maro
| 47 || [[wiktionary:dog|dog]] || con
|-
|-
| 28 || [[wiktionary:long|long]] || siro
| 48 || [[wiktionary:louse|louse]] ||
|-
|-
| 29 || [[wiktionary:wide|wide]] ||   
| 49 || [[wiktionary:snake|snake]] ||   
|-
|-
| 30 || [[wiktionary:thick|thick]] || tievo
| 50 || [[wiktionary:worm|worm]] || preme
|-
|-
| 31 || [[wiktionary:heavy|heavy]] ||
| 51 || [[wiktionary:tree|tree]] || prieno
|-
|-
| 32 || [[wiktionary:small|small]] || beco
| 52 || [[wiktionary:forest|forest]] ||
|-
|-
| 33 || [[wiktionary:short|short]] || berro
| 53 || [[wiktionary:stick|stick]] ||
|-
|-
| 34 || [[wiktionary:narrow|narrow]] || ango  
| 54 || [[wiktionary:fruit|fruit]] ||   
|-
|-
| 35 || [[wiktionary:thin|thin]] ||
| 55 || [[wiktionary:seed|seed]] || silo
|-
|-
| 36 || [[wiktionary:woman|woman]] || biena
| 56 || [[wiktionary:leaf|leaf]] ||
|-
|-
| 37 || [[wiktionary:man|man (adult male)]] || vero
| 57 || [[wiktionary:root|root]] ||
|-
|-
| 38 || [[wiktionary:man|man (human being)]] || duenho
| 58 || [[wiktionary:bark|bark]] || rosco
|-
|-
| 39 || [[wiktionary:child|child]] || maco
| 59 || [[wiktionary:flower|flower]] ||
|-
|-
| 40 || [[wiktionary:wife|wife]] ||
| 60 || [[wiktionary:grass|grass]] || guelta
|-
|-
| 41 || [[wiktionary:husband|husband]] ||   
| 61 || [[wiktionary:rope|rope]] ||   
|-
|-
| 42 || [[wiktionary:mother|mother]] || madre  
| 62 || [[wiktionary:skin|skin]] ||   
|-
|-
| 43 || [[wiktionary:father|father]] || adre 
| 63 || [[wiktionary:meat|meat]] || chigo
|-
|-
| 44 || [[wiktionary:animal|animal]] || milo 
| 64 || [[wiktionary:blood|blood]] || cruevo
|-
|-
| 45 || [[wiktionary:fish|fish]] || esco
| 65 || [[wiktionary:bone|bone]] ||
|-
|-
| 46 || [[wiktionary:bird|bird]] ||   
| 66 || [[wiktionary:fat#Noun|fat (noun)]] ||   
|-
|-
| 47 || [[wiktionary:dog|dog]] || con
| 67 || [[wiktionary:egg|egg]] ||
|-
|-
| 48 || [[wiktionary:louse|louse]] ||   
| 68 || [[wiktionary:horn|horn]] ||   
|-
|-
| 49 || [[wiktionary:snake|snake]] ||   
| 69 || [[wiktionary:tail|tail]] ||   
|-
|-
| 50 || [[wiktionary:worm|worm]] || preme
| 70 || [[wiktionary:feather|feather]] ||
|-
|-
| 51 || [[wiktionary:tree|tree]] || prieno
| 71 || [[wiktionary:hair|hair]] || vuelto
|-
|-
| 52 || [[wiktionary:forest|forest]] ||
| 72 || [[wiktionary:head|head]] || queño
|-
|-
| 53 || [[wiktionary:stick|stick]] ||
| 73 || [[wiktionary:ear|ear]] || closta
|-
|-
| 54 || [[wiktionary:fruit|fruit]] ||   
| 74 || [[wiktionary:eye|eye]] ||   
|-
|-
| 55 || [[wiktionary:seed|seed]] || silo
| 75 || [[wiktionary:nose|nose]] ||
|-
|-
| 56 || [[wiktionary:leaf|leaf]] ||   
| 76 || [[wiktionary:mouth|mouth]] ||   
|-
|-
| 57 || [[wiktionary:root|root]] ||
| 77 || [[wiktionary:tooth|tooth]] || dante
|-
|-
| 58 || [[wiktionary:bark|bark]] || rosco
| 78 || [[wiktionary:tongue|tongue]] || tanguad 
|-
|-
| 59 || [[wiktionary:flower|flower]] ||   
| 79 || [[wiktionary:fingernail|fingernail]] ||   
|-
|-
| 60 || [[wiktionary:grass|grass]] || guelta
| 80 || [[wiktionary:foot|foot]] ||
|-
|-
| 61 || [[wiktionary:rope|rope]] ||   
| 81 || [[wiktionary:leg|leg]] ||   
|-
|-
| 62 || [[wiktionary:skin|skin]] ||   
| 82 || [[wiktionary:knee|knee]] ||   
|-
|-
| 63 || [[wiktionary:meat|meat]] || chigo
| 83 || [[wiktionary:hand|hand]] ||
|-
|-
| 64 || [[wiktionary:blood|blood]] || cruevo
| 84 || [[wiktionary:wing|wing]] ||
|-
|-
| 65 || [[wiktionary:bone|bone]] ||   
| 85 || [[wiktionary:belly|belly]] ||   
|-
|-
| 66 || [[wiktionary:fat#Noun|fat (noun)]] ||   
| 86 || [[wiktionary:guts|guts]] ||   
|-
|-
| 67 || [[wiktionary:egg|egg]] ||   
| 87 || [[wiktionary:neck|neck]] ||   
|-
|-
| 68 || [[wiktionary:horn|horn]] ||   
| 88 || [[wiktionary:back|back]] ||   
|-
|-
| 69 || [[wiktionary:tail|tail]] ||   
| 89 || [[wiktionary:breast|breast]] ||   
|-
|-
| 70 || [[wiktionary:feather|feather]] ||   
| 90 || [[wiktionary:heart|heart]] ||   
|-
|-
| 71 || [[wiktionary:hair|hair]] || vuelto
| 91 || [[wiktionary:liver|liver]] ||
|-
|-
| 72 || [[wiktionary:head|head]] || queño
| 92 || [[wiktionary:drink|to drink]] ||
|-
|-
| 73 || [[wiktionary:ear|ear]] || closta
| 93 || [[wiktionary:eat|to eat]] ||
|-
|-
| 74 || [[wiktionary:eye|eye]] ||   
| 94 || [[wiktionary:bite|to bite]] ||   
|-
|-
| 75 || [[wiktionary:nose|nose]] ||   
| 95 || [[wiktionary:suck|to suck]] ||   
|-
|-
| 76 || [[wiktionary:mouth|mouth]] ||   
| 96 || [[wiktionary:spit|to spit]] ||   
|-
|-
| 77 || [[wiktionary:tooth|tooth]] || dante
| 97 || [[wiktionary:vomit|to vomit]] ||
|-
|-
| 78 || [[wiktionary:tongue|tongue]] || tanguad  
| 98 || [[wiktionary:blow|to blow]] ||   
|-
|-
| 79 || [[wiktionary:fingernail|fingernail]] ||   
| 99 || [[wiktionary:breathe|to breathe]] ||   
|-
|-
| 80 || [[wiktionary:foot|foot]] ||   
| 100 || [[wiktionary:laugh|to laugh]] ||   
|-
|-
| 81 || [[wiktionary:leg|leg]] ||   
| 101 || [[wiktionary:see|to see]] ||   
|-
|-
| 82 || [[wiktionary:knee|knee]] ||   
| 102 || [[wiktionary:hear|to hear]] ||   
|-
|-
| 83 || [[wiktionary:hand|hand]] ||   
| 103 || [[wiktionary:know|to know]] ||   
|-
|-
| 84 || [[wiktionary:wing|wing]] ||   
| 104 || [[wiktionary:think|to think]] ||   
|-
|-
| 85 || [[wiktionary:belly|belly]] ||   
| 105 || [[wiktionary:smell|to smell]] ||   
|-
|-
| 86 || [[wiktionary:guts|guts]] ||   
| 106 || [[wiktionary:fear|to fear]] ||   
|-
|-
| 87 || [[wiktionary:neck|neck]] ||   
| 107 || [[wiktionary:sleep|to sleep]] ||   
|-
|-
| 88 || [[wiktionary:back|back]] ||   
| 108 || [[wiktionary:live|to live]] ||   
|-
|-
| 89 || [[wiktionary:breast|breast]] ||   
| 109 || [[wiktionary:die|to die]] ||   
|-
|-
| 90 || [[wiktionary:heart|heart]] ||   
| 110 || [[wiktionary:kill|to kill]] ||   
|-
|-
| 91 || [[wiktionary:liver|liver]] ||   
| 111 || [[wiktionary:fight|to fight]] ||   
|-
|-
| 92 || [[wiktionary:drink|to drink]] ||   
| 112 || [[wiktionary:hunt|to hunt]] ||   
|-
|-
| 93 || [[wiktionary:eat|to eat]] ||   
| 113 || [[wiktionary:hit|to hit]] ||   
|-
|-
| 94 || [[wiktionary:bite|to bite]] ||   
| 114 || [[wiktionary:cut|to cut]] ||   
|-
|-
| 95 || [[wiktionary:suck|to suck]] ||   
| 115 || [[wiktionary:split|to split]] ||   
|-
|-
| 96 || [[wiktionary:spit|to spit]] || 
| 116 || [[wiktionary:stab|to stab]]
|-
|-
| 97 || [[wiktionary:vomit|to vomit]] ||   
| 117 || [[wiktionary:scratch|to scratch]] ||   
|-
|-
| 98 || [[wiktionary:blow|to blow]] ||   
| 118 || [[wiktionary:dig|to dig]] ||   
|-
|-
| 99 || [[wiktionary:breathe|to breathe]] ||   
| 119 || [[wiktionary:swim|to swim]] ||   
|-
|-
| 100 || [[wiktionary:laugh|to laugh]] ||   
| 120 || [[wiktionary:fly|to fly]] ||   
|-
|-
| 101 || [[wiktionary:see|to see]] ||   
| 121 || [[wiktionary:walk|to walk]] ||   
|-
|-
| 102 || [[wiktionary:hear|to hear]] ||   
| 122 || [[wiktionary:come|to come]] ||   
|-
|-
| 103 || [[wiktionary:know|to know]] ||   
| 123 || [[wiktionary:lie|to lie]] ||   
|-
|-
| 104 || [[wiktionary:think|to think]] ||   
| 124 || [[wiktionary:sit|to sit]] ||   
|-
|-
| 105 || [[wiktionary:smell|to smell]] ||   
| 125 || [[wiktionary:stand|to stand]] ||   
|-
|-
| 106 || [[wiktionary:fear|to fear]] ||   
| 126 || [[wiktionary:turn|to turn]] ||   
|-
|-
| 107 || [[wiktionary:sleep|to sleep]] ||   
| 127 || [[wiktionary:fall|to fall]] ||   
|-
|-
| 108 || [[wiktionary:live|to live]] ||   
| 128 || [[wiktionary:give|to give]] ||   
|-
|-
| 109 || [[wiktionary:die|to die]] ||   
| 129 || [[wiktionary:hold|to hold]] ||   
|-
|-
| 110 || [[wiktionary:kill|to kill]] ||   
| 130 || [[wiktionary:squeeze|to squeeze]] ||   
|-
|-
| 111 || [[wiktionary:fight|to fight]] ||   
| 131 || [[wiktionary:rub|to rub]] ||   
|-
|-
| 112 || [[wiktionary:hunt|to hunt]] ||   
| 132 || [[wiktionary:wash|to wash]] ||   
|-
|-
| 113 || [[wiktionary:hit|to hit]] ||   
| 133 || [[wiktionary:wipe|to wipe]] ||   
|-
|-
| 114 || [[wiktionary:cut|to cut]] ||   
| 134 || [[wiktionary:pull|to pull]] ||   
|-
|-
| 115 || [[wiktionary:split|to split]] ||   
| 135 || [[wiktionary:push|to push]] ||   
|-
|-
| 116 || [[wiktionary:stab|to stab]]
| 136 || [[wiktionary:throw|to throw]] || 
|-
|-
| 117 || [[wiktionary:scratch|to scratch]] ||   
| 137 || [[wiktionary:tie|to tie]] ||   
|-
|-
| 118 || [[wiktionary:dig|to dig]] ||   
| 138 || [[wiktionary:sew|to sew]] ||   
|-
|-
| 119 || [[wiktionary:swim|to swim]] ||   
| 139 || [[wiktionary:count|to count]] ||   
|-
|-
| 120 || [[wiktionary:fly|to fly]] ||   
| 140 || [[wiktionary:say|to say]] ||   
|-
|-
| 121 || [[wiktionary:walk|to walk]] ||   
| 141 || [[wiktionary:sing|to sing]] ||   
|-
|-
| 122 || [[wiktionary:come|to come]] ||   
| 142 || [[wiktionary:play|to play]] ||   
|-
|-
| 123 || [[wiktionary:lie|to lie]] ||   
| 143 || [[wiktionary:float|to float]] ||   
|-
|-
| 124 || [[wiktionary:sit|to sit]] ||   
| 144 || [[wiktionary:flow|to flow]] ||   
|-
|-
| 125 || [[wiktionary:stand|to stand]] ||   
| 145 || [[wiktionary:freeze|to freeze]] ||   
|-
|-
| 126 || [[wiktionary:turn|to turn]] || 
| 146 || [[wiktionary:swell|to swell]]
|-
|-
| 127 || [[wiktionary:fall|to fall]] ||   
| 147 || [[wiktionary:sun|sun]] ||   
|-
|-
| 128 || [[wiktionary:give|to give]] ||   
| 148 || [[wiktionary:moon|moon]] ||   
|-
|-
| 129 || [[wiktionary:hold|to hold]] ||   
| 149 || [[wiktionary:star|star]] ||   
|-
|-
| 130 || [[wiktionary:squeeze|to squeeze]] ||   
| 150 || [[wiktionary:water|water]] ||   
|-
|-
| 131 || [[wiktionary:rub|to rub]] || 
| 151 || [[wiktionary:rain|rain]]
|-
|-
| 132 || [[wiktionary:wash|to wash]] ||   
| 152 || [[wiktionary:river|river]] ||   
|-
|-
| 133 || [[wiktionary:wipe|to wipe]] ||   
| 153 || [[wiktionary:lake|lake]] ||   
|-
|-
| 134 || [[wiktionary:pull|to pull]] ||   
| 154 || [[wiktionary:sea|sea]] ||   
|-
|-
| 135 || [[wiktionary:push|to push]] ||   
| 155 || [[wiktionary:salt|salt]] ||   
|-
|-
| 136 || [[wiktionary:throw|to throw]] ||   
| 156 || [[wiktionary:stone|stone]] ||   
|-
|-
| 137 || [[wiktionary:tie|to tie]] ||   
| 157 || [[wiktionary:sand|sand]] ||   
|-
|-
| 138 || [[wiktionary:sew|to sew]] ||   
| 158 || [[wiktionary:dust|dust]] ||   
|-
|-
| 139 || [[wiktionary:count|to count]] ||   
| 159 || [[wiktionary:earth|earth]] ||   
|-
|-
| 140 || [[wiktionary:say|to say]] ||   
| 160 || [[wiktionary:cloud|cloud]] ||   
|-
|-
| 141 || [[wiktionary:sing|to sing]] ||   
| 161 || [[wiktionary:fog|fog]] ||   
|-
|-
| 142 || [[wiktionary:play|to play]] ||   
| 162 || [[wiktionary:sky|sky]] ||   
|-
|-
| 143 || [[wiktionary:float|to float]] ||   
| 163 || [[wiktionary:wind|wind]] ||   
|-
|-
| 144 || [[wiktionary:flow|to flow]] ||   
| 164 || [[wiktionary:snow|snow]] ||   
|-
|-
| 145 || [[wiktionary:freeze|to freeze]] ||   
| 165 || [[wiktionary:ice|ice]] ||   
|-
|-
| 146 || [[wiktionary:swell|to swell]]
| 166 || [[wiktionary:smoke|smoke]] || 
|-
|-
| 147 || [[wiktionary:sun|sun]] ||   
| 167 || [[wiktionary:fire|fire]] ||   
|-
|-
| 148 || [[wiktionary:moon|moon]] || 
| 168 || [[wiktionary:ash|ash]]
|-
|-
| 149 || [[wiktionary:star|star]] ||   
| 169 || [[wiktionary:burn|burn]] ||   
|-
|-
| 150 || [[wiktionary:water|water]] ||   
| 170 || [[wiktionary:road|road]] ||   
|-
|-
| 151 || [[wiktionary:rain|rain]]
| 171 || [[wiktionary:mountain|mountain]] || 
|-
|-
| 152 || [[wiktionary:river|river]] ||   
| 172 || [[wiktionary:red|red]] ||   
|-
|-
| 153 || [[wiktionary:lake|lake]] || 
| 173 || [[wiktionary:green|green]]
|-
|-
| 154 || [[wiktionary:sea|sea]] ||   
| 174 || [[wiktionary:yellow|yellow]] ||   
|-
|-
| 155 || [[wiktionary:salt|salt]] ||   
| 175 || [[wiktionary:white|white]] ||   
|-
|-
| 156 || [[wiktionary:stone|stone]] ||   
| 176 || [[wiktionary:black|black]] ||   
|-
|-
| 157 || [[wiktionary:sand|sand]] ||   
| 177 || [[wiktionary:night|night]] ||   
|-
|-
| 158 || [[wiktionary:dust|dust]] ||   
| 178 || [[wiktionary:day|day]] ||   
|-
|-
| 159 || [[wiktionary:earth|earth]] || 
| 179 || [[wiktionary:year|year]]
|-
|-
| 160 || [[wiktionary:cloud|cloud]] ||   
| 180 || [[wiktionary:warm|warm]] ||   
|-
|-
| 161 || [[wiktionary:fog|fog]] ||   
| 181 || [[wiktionary:cold|cold]] ||   
|-
|-
| 162 || [[wiktionary:sky|sky]] ||   
| 182 || [[wiktionary:full|full]] ||   
|-
|-
| 163 || [[wiktionary:wind|wind]] ||   
| 183 || [[wiktionary:new|new]] ||   
|-
|-
| 164 || [[wiktionary:snow|snow]] ||   
| 184 || [[wiktionary:old|old]] ||   
|-
|-
| 165 || [[wiktionary:ice|ice]] ||   
| 185 || [[wiktionary:good|good]] ||   
|-
|-
| 166 || [[wiktionary:smoke|smoke]] ||   
| 186 || [[wiktionary:bad|bad]] ||   
|-
|-
| 167 || [[wiktionary:fire|fire]] ||   
| 187 || [[wiktionary:rotten|rotten]] ||   
|-
|-
| 168 || [[wiktionary:ash|ash]]
| 188 || [[wiktionary:dirty|dirty]] || 
|-
|-
| 169 || [[wiktionary:burn|burn]] ||   
| 189 || [[wiktionary:straight|straight]] ||   
|-
|-
| 170 || [[wiktionary:road|road]] ||   
| 190 || [[wiktionary:round|round]] ||   
|-
|-
| 171 || [[wiktionary:mountain|mountain]] ||   
| 191 || [[wiktionary:sharp|sharp]] ||   
|-
|-
| 172 || [[wiktionary:red|red]] ||   
| 192 || [[wiktionary:dull|dull]] ||   
|-
|-
| 173 || [[wiktionary:green|green]]
| 193 || [[wiktionary:smooth|smooth]] || 
|-
|-
| 174 || [[wiktionary:yellow|yellow]] ||   
| 194 || [[wiktionary:wet|wet]] ||   
|-
|-
| 175 || [[wiktionary:white|white]] ||   
| 195 || [[wiktionary:dry|dry]] ||   
|-
|-
| 176 || [[wiktionary:black|black]] ||   
| 196 || [[wiktionary:correct|correct]] ||   
|-
|-
| 177 || [[wiktionary:night|night]] ||   
| 197 || [[wiktionary:near|near]] ||   
|-
|-
| 178 || [[wiktionary:day|day]] ||   
| 198 || [[wiktionary:far|far]] ||   
|-
|-
| 179 || [[wiktionary:year|year]]
| 199 || [[wiktionary:right|right]] || 
|-
|-
| 180 || [[wiktionary:warm|warm]] ||   
| 200 || [[wiktionary:left|left]] ||   
|-
|-
| 181 || [[wiktionary:cold|cold]] ||   
| 201 || [[wiktionary:at|at]] ||   
|-
|-
| 182 || [[wiktionary:full|full]] ||   
| 202 || [[wiktionary:in|in]] ||   
|-
|-
| 183 || [[wiktionary:new|new]] ||   
| 203 || [[wiktionary:with|with]] ||   
|-
|-
| 184 || [[wiktionary:old|old]] ||   
| 204 || [[wiktionary:and|and]] ||   
|-
|-
| 185 || [[wiktionary:good|good]] ||   
| 205 || [[wiktionary:if|if]] ||   
|-
|-
| 186 || [[wiktionary:bad|bad]] ||   
| 206 || [[wiktionary:because|because]] ||   
|-
|-
| 187 || [[wiktionary:rotten|rotten]] ||   
| 207 || [[wiktionary:name|name]] ||   
|}
 
==Descendent of Old Latin==
{| class="wikitable"
! '''No.''' !! [[wikipedia:English language|English]] !!
|-
|-
| 188 || [[wiktionary:dirty|dirty]] ||
| 1 || [[wiktionary:I|I]] || mu
|-
|-
| 189 || [[wiktionary:straight|straight]] ||
| 2 || [[wiktionary:you|you (singular)]] || tu
|-
|-
| 190 || [[wiktionary:round|round]] ||
| 3 || [[wiktionary:he|he]] || gio
|-
|-
| 191 || [[wiktionary:sharp|sharp]] ||
| 4 || [[wiktionary:we|we]] || nox
|-
|-
| 192 || [[wiktionary:dull|dull]] ||
| 5 || [[wiktionary:you|you (plural)]] || gox
|-
|-
| 193 || [[wiktionary:smooth|smooth]] ||
| 6 || [[wiktionary:they|they]] || giox (''m.''); giax (''f.'')
|-
|-
| 194 || [[wiktionary:wet|wet]] ||
| 7 || [[wiktionary:this|this]] || xicce
|-
|-
| 195 || [[wiktionary:dry|dry]] ||
| 8 || [[wiktionary:that|that]] || isto
|-
|-
| 196 || [[wiktionary:correct|correct]] ||
| 9 || [[wiktionary:here|here]] || xic
|-
|-
| 197 || [[wiktionary:near|near]] ||
| 10 || [[wiktionary:there|there]] || eve
|-
|-
| 198 || [[wiktionary:far|far]] ||
| 11 || [[wiktionary:who|who]] || quex
|-
|-
| 199 || [[wiktionary:right|right]] ||
| 12 || [[wiktionary:what|what]] || que
|-
|-
| 200 || [[wiktionary:left|left]] ||
| 13 || [[wiktionary:where|where]] || cove
|-
|-
| 201 || [[wiktionary:at|at]] ||
| 14 || [[wiktionary:when|when]] || quando
|-
|-
| 202 || [[wiktionary:in|in]] ||
| 15 || [[wiktionary:how|how]] || quan
|-
|-
| 203 || [[wiktionary:with|with]] ||
| 16 || [[wiktionary:not|not]] || ne
|-
|-
| 204 || [[wiktionary:and|and]] ||
| 17 || [[wiktionary:all|all]] || guabrix
|-
|-
| 205 || [[wiktionary:if|if]] ||
| 18 || [[wiktionary:many|many]] || moltox (''m.''); moltax (''f.'')
|-
|-
| 206 || [[wiktionary:because|because]] ||   
| 19 || [[wiktionary:some|some]] ||   
|-
|-
| 207 || [[wiktionary:name|name]] ||
| 20 || [[wiktionary:few|few]] || pocox; pokax
|}
 
==Descendent of Old Latin==
{| class="wikitable"
! '''No.''' !! [[wikipedia:English language|English]] !!
|-
|-
| 1 || [[wiktionary:I|I]] || mu
| 21 || [[wiktionary:other|other]] || alio
|-
|-
| 2 || [[wiktionary:you|you (singular)]] || tu
| 22 || [[wiktionary:one|one]] || gueno (''m.''); guena (''f.'')
|-
|-
| 3 || [[wiktionary:he|he]] || gio
| 23 || [[wiktionary:two|two]] || dúox (''m.''); dúax (''f.'')
|-
|-
| 4 || [[wiktionary:we|we]] || nox
| 24 || [[wiktionary:three|three]] || trix
|-
|-
| 5 || [[wiktionary:you|you (plural)]] || gox
| 25 || [[wiktionary:four|four]] || quattor
|-
|-
| 6 || [[wiktionary:they|they]] || giox (''m.''); giax (''f.'')
| 26 || [[wiktionary:five|five]] || chinque
|-
|-
| 7 || [[wiktionary:this|this]] || xicce
| 27 || [[wiktionary:big|big]] || mangro
|-
|-
| 8 || [[wiktionary:that|that]] || isto
| 28 || [[wiktionary:long|long]] || luango
|-
|-
| 9 || [[wiktionary:here|here]] || xic
| 29 || [[wiktionary:wide|wide]] || lato
|-
|-
| 10 || [[wiktionary:there|there]] || eve
| 30 || [[wiktionary:thick|thick]] ||
|-
|-
| 11 || [[wiktionary:who|who]] || quex
| 31 || [[wiktionary:heavy|heavy]] ||  
|-
|-
| 12 || [[wiktionary:what|what]] || que
| 32 || [[wiktionary:small|small]] ||
|-
|-
| 13 || [[wiktionary:where|where]] || cove
| 33 || [[wiktionary:short|short]] ||
|-
|-
| 14 || [[wiktionary:when|when]] || quando
| 34 || [[wiktionary:narrow|narrow]] ||
|-
|-
| 15 || [[wiktionary:how|how]] || quan
| 35 || [[wiktionary:thin|thin]] ||
|-
|-
| 16 || [[wiktionary:not|not]] || ne
| 36 || [[wiktionary:woman|woman]] || femna
|-
|-
| 17 || [[wiktionary:all|all]] || guabrix
| 37 || [[wiktionary:man|man (adult male)]] || guero
|-
|-
| 18 || [[wiktionary:many|many]] || moltox (''m.''); moltax (''f.'')
| 38 || [[wiktionary:man|man (human being)]] || huamne
|-
|-
| 19 || [[wiktionary:some|some]] ||   
| 39 || [[wiktionary:child|child]] ||   
|-
|-
| 20 || [[wiktionary:few|few]] || pocox; pokax
| 40 || [[wiktionary:wife|wife]] || femna
|-
|-
| 21 || [[wiktionary:other|other]] || alio
| 41 || [[wiktionary:husband|husband]] || guero
|-
|-
| 22 || [[wiktionary:one|one]] || gueno (''m.''); guena (''f.'')
| 42 || [[wiktionary:mother|mother]] || matre 
|-
|-
| 23 || [[wiktionary:two|two]] || dúox (''m.''); dúax (''f.'')
| 43 || [[wiktionary:father|father]] || patre 
|-
|-
| 24 || [[wiktionary:three|three]] || trix
| 44 || [[wiktionary:animal|animal]] ||
|-
|-
| 25 || [[wiktionary:four|four]] || quattor
| 45 || [[wiktionary:fish|fish]] || pesci
|-
|-
| 26 || [[wiktionary:five|five]] || chinque
| 46 || [[wiktionary:bird|bird]] || agui
|-
|-
| 27 || [[wiktionary:big|big]] || mangro
| 47 || [[wiktionary:dog|dog]] || cane
|-
|-
| 28 || [[wiktionary:long|long]] || luango
| 48 || [[wiktionary:louse|louse]] ||
|-
|-
| 29 || [[wiktionary:wide|wide]] || lato
| 49 || [[wiktionary:snake|snake]] || serpiante
|-
|-
| 30 || [[wiktionary:thick|thick]] ||
| 50 || [[wiktionary:worm|worm]] || ghiarmi
|-
|-
| 31 || [[wiktionary:heavy|heavy]] ||  
| 51 || [[wiktionary:tree|tree]] || arbre
|-
|-
| 32 || [[wiktionary:small|small]] ||   
| 52 || [[wiktionary:forest|forest]] || selgua  
|-
|-
| 33 || [[wiktionary:short|short]] ||   
| 53 || [[wiktionary:stick|stick]] ||   
|-
|-
| 34 || [[wiktionary:narrow|narrow]] ||
| 54 || [[wiktionary:fruit|fruit]] || pomo
|-
|-
| 35 || [[wiktionary:thin|thin]] ||   
| 55 || [[wiktionary:seed|seed]] ||   
|-
|-
| 36 || [[wiktionary:woman|woman]] || femna
| 56 || [[wiktionary:leaf|leaf]] || folio
|-
|-
| 37 || [[wiktionary:man|man (adult male)]] || guero
| 57 || [[wiktionary:root|root]] ||
|-
|-
| 38 || [[wiktionary:man|man (human being)]] || huamne
| 58 || [[wiktionary:bark|bark]] ||
|-
|-
| 39 || [[wiktionary:child|child]] ||   
| 59 || [[wiktionary:flower|flower]] ||   
|-
|-
| 40 || [[wiktionary:wife|wife]] || femna
| 60 || [[wiktionary:grass|grass]] ||
|-
|-
| 41 || [[wiktionary:husband|husband]] || guero
| 61 || [[wiktionary:rope|rope]] ||
|-
|-
| 42 || [[wiktionary:mother|mother]] || matre  
| 62 || [[wiktionary:skin|skin]] ||   
|-
|-
| 43 || [[wiktionary:father|father]] || patre 
| 63 || [[wiktionary:meat|meat]] || carne
|-
|-
| 44 || [[wiktionary:animal|animal]] ||   
| 64 || [[wiktionary:blood|blood]] ||   
|-
|-
| 45 || [[wiktionary:fish|fish]] || pesci
| 65 || [[wiktionary:bone|bone]] ||
|-
|-
| 46 || [[wiktionary:bird|bird]] || agui
| 66 || [[wiktionary:fat#Noun|fat (noun)]] ||
|-
|-
| 47 || [[wiktionary:dog|dog]] || cane
| 67 || [[wiktionary:egg|egg]] || ogo
|-
|-
| 48 || [[wiktionary:louse|louse]] ||   
| 68 || [[wiktionary:horn|horn]] ||   
|-
|-
| 49 || [[wiktionary:snake|snake]] || serpiante
| 69 || [[wiktionary:tail|tail]] ||
|-
|-
| 50 || [[wiktionary:worm|worm]] || ghiarmi
| 70 || [[wiktionary:feather|feather]] ||
|-
|-
| 51 || [[wiktionary:tree|tree]] || arbre
| 71 || [[wiktionary:hair|hair]] ||
|-
|-
| 52 || [[wiktionary:forest|forest]] || selgua 
| 72 || [[wiktionary:head|head]] ||  
|-
|-
| 53 || [[wiktionary:stick|stick]] ||   
| 73 || [[wiktionary:ear|ear]] ||   
|-
|-
| 54 || [[wiktionary:fruit|fruit]] || pomo
| 74 || [[wiktionary:eye|eye]] || guaclo
|-
|-
| 55 || [[wiktionary:seed|seed]] ||
| 75 || [[wiktionary:nose|nose]] || naso
|-
|-
| 56 || [[wiktionary:leaf|leaf]] || folio
| 76 || [[wiktionary:mouth|mouth]] ||
|-
|-
| 57 || [[wiktionary:root|root]] ||
| 77 || [[wiktionary:tooth|tooth]] || diante
|-
|-
| 58 || [[wiktionary:bark|bark]] ||   
| 78 || [[wiktionary:tongue|tongue]] || dengua  
|-
|-
| 59 || [[wiktionary:flower|flower]] ||   
| 79 || [[wiktionary:fingernail|fingernail]] ||   
|-
|-
| 60 || [[wiktionary:grass|grass]] ||   
| 80 || [[wiktionary:foot|foot]] ||   
|-
|-
| 61 || [[wiktionary:rope|rope]] ||   
| 81 || [[wiktionary:leg|leg]] ||   
|-
|-
| 62 || [[wiktionary:skin|skin]] ||   
| 82 || [[wiktionary:knee|knee]] ||   
|-
|-
| 63 || [[wiktionary:meat|meat]] || carne
| 83 || [[wiktionary:hand|hand]] ||
|-
|-
| 64 || [[wiktionary:blood|blood]] ||   
| 84 || [[wiktionary:wing|wing]] ||   
|-
|-
| 65 || [[wiktionary:bone|bone]] ||   
| 85 || [[wiktionary:belly|belly]] ||   
|-
|-
| 66 || [[wiktionary:fat#Noun|fat (noun)]] ||   
| 86 || [[wiktionary:guts|guts]] ||   
|-
|-
| 67 || [[wiktionary:egg|egg]] || ogo
| 87 || [[wiktionary:neck|neck]] ||
|-
|-
| 68 || [[wiktionary:horn|horn]] ||   
| 88 || [[wiktionary:back|back]] ||   
|-
|-
| 69 || [[wiktionary:tail|tail]] ||   
| 89 || [[wiktionary:breast|breast]] ||   
|-
|-
| 70 || [[wiktionary:feather|feather]] ||   
| 90 || [[wiktionary:heart|heart]] ||   
|-
|-
| 71 || [[wiktionary:hair|hair]] ||   
| 91 || [[wiktionary:liver|liver]] ||   
|-
|-
| 72 || [[wiktionary:head|head]] ||  
| 92 || [[wiktionary:drink|to drink]] || bivre, bivo, beve
|-
|-
| 73 || [[wiktionary:ear|ear]] ||
| 93 || [[wiktionary:eat|to eat]] || giadre, giado, gede
|-
|-
| 74 || [[wiktionary:eye|eye]] || guaclo
| 94 || [[wiktionary:bite|to bite]] ||
|-
|-
| 75 || [[wiktionary:nose|nose]] || naso
| 95 || [[wiktionary:suck|to suck]] ||
|-
|-
| 76 || [[wiktionary:mouth|mouth]] ||   
| 96 || [[wiktionary:spit|to spit]] ||   
|-
|-
| 77 || [[wiktionary:tooth|tooth]] || diante
| 97 || [[wiktionary:vomit|to vomit]] || guamre, guamo, gome
|-
|-
| 78 || [[wiktionary:tongue|tongue]] || dengua  
| 98 || [[wiktionary:blow|to blow]] ||   
|-
|-
| 79 || [[wiktionary:fingernail|fingernail]] ||   
| 99 || [[wiktionary:breathe|to breathe]] ||   
|-
|-
| 80 || [[wiktionary:foot|foot]] ||   
| 100 || [[wiktionary:laugh|to laugh]] ||   
|-
|-
| 81 || [[wiktionary:leg|leg]] ||
| 101 || [[wiktionary:see|to see]] || guedere, guedio, guise
|-
|-
| 82 || [[wiktionary:knee|knee]] ||
| 102 || [[wiktionary:hear|to hear]] || odire, odio, odigue
|-
|-
| 83 || [[wiktionary:hand|hand]] ||
| 103 || [[wiktionary:know|to know]] || groscre, grosco, grogue
|-
|-
| 84 || [[wiktionary:wing|wing]] ||   
| 104 || [[wiktionary:think|to think]] ||   
|-
|-
| 85 || [[wiktionary:belly|belly]] ||
| 105 || [[wiktionary:smell|to smell]] || sentire, sianto, sentigue
|-
|-
| 86 || [[wiktionary:guts|guts]] ||   
| 106 || [[wiktionary:fear|to fear]] ||   
|-
|-
| 87 || [[wiktionary:neck|neck]] ||   
| 107 || [[wiktionary:sleep|to sleep]] ||   
|-
|-
| 88 || [[wiktionary:back|back]] ||   
| 108 || [[wiktionary:live|to live]] || guigre, guigo, guige  
|-
|-
| 89 || [[wiktionary:breast|breast]] ||   
| 109 || [[wiktionary:die|to die]] ||   
|-
|-
| 90 || [[wiktionary:heart|heart]] ||   
| 110 || [[wiktionary:kill|to kill]] ||   
|-
|-
| 91 || [[wiktionary:liver|liver]] ||   
| 111 || [[wiktionary:fight|to fight]] ||   
|-
|-
| 92 || [[wiktionary:drink|to drink]] || bivre, bivo, beve
| 112 || [[wiktionary:hunt|to hunt]] ||
|-
|-
| 93 || [[wiktionary:eat|to eat]] || giadre, giado, gede
| 113 || [[wiktionary:hit|to hit]] ||
|-
|-
| 94 || [[wiktionary:bite|to bite]] ||   
| 114 || [[wiktionary:cut|to cut]] ||   
|-
|-
| 95 || [[wiktionary:suck|to suck]] ||   
| 115 || [[wiktionary:split|to split]] ||   
|-
|-
| 96 || [[wiktionary:spit|to spit]] || 
| 116 || [[wiktionary:stab|to stab]]
|-
|-
| 97 || [[wiktionary:vomit|to vomit]] || guamre, guamo, gome
| 117 || [[wiktionary:scratch|to scratch]] ||
|-
|-
| 98 || [[wiktionary:blow|to blow]] ||   
| 118 || [[wiktionary:dig|to dig]] ||   
|-
|-
| 99 || [[wiktionary:breathe|to breathe]] ||   
| 119 || [[wiktionary:swim|to swim]] ||   
|-
|-
| 100 || [[wiktionary:laugh|to laugh]] ||   
| 120 || [[wiktionary:fly|to fly]] ||   
|-
|-
| 101 || [[wiktionary:see|to see]] || guedere, guedio, guise
| 121 || [[wiktionary:walk|to walk]] ||
|-
|-
| 102 || [[wiktionary:hear|to hear]] || odire, odio, odigue
| 122 || [[wiktionary:come|to come]] ||
|-
|-
| 103 || [[wiktionary:know|to know]] || groscre, grosco, grogue
| 123 || [[wiktionary:lie|to lie]] ||
|-
|-
| 104 || [[wiktionary:think|to think]] ||   
| 124 || [[wiktionary:sit|to sit]] ||   
|-
|-
| 105 || [[wiktionary:smell|to smell]] || sentire, sianto, sentigue
| 125 || [[wiktionary:stand|to stand]] ||
|-
|-
| 106 || [[wiktionary:fear|to fear]] ||   
| 126 || [[wiktionary:turn|to turn]] ||   
|-
|-
| 107 || [[wiktionary:sleep|to sleep]] ||   
| 127 || [[wiktionary:fall|to fall]] ||   
|-
|-
| 108 || [[wiktionary:live|to live]] || guigre, guigo, guige  
| 128 || [[wiktionary:give|to give]] ||   
|-
|-
| 109 || [[wiktionary:die|to die]] ||   
| 129 || [[wiktionary:hold|to hold]] ||   
|-
|-
| 110 || [[wiktionary:kill|to kill]] ||   
| 130 || [[wiktionary:squeeze|to squeeze]] ||   
|-
|-
| 111 || [[wiktionary:fight|to fight]] ||   
| 131 || [[wiktionary:rub|to rub]] ||   
|-
|-
| 112 || [[wiktionary:hunt|to hunt]] ||   
| 132 || [[wiktionary:wash|to wash]] ||   
|-
|-
| 113 || [[wiktionary:hit|to hit]] ||   
| 133 || [[wiktionary:wipe|to wipe]] ||   
|-
|-
| 114 || [[wiktionary:cut|to cut]] ||   
| 134 || [[wiktionary:pull|to pull]] ||   
|-
|-
| 115 || [[wiktionary:split|to split]] ||   
| 135 || [[wiktionary:push|to push]] ||   
|-
|-
| 116 || [[wiktionary:stab|to stab]]
| 136 || [[wiktionary:throw|to throw]] || 
|-
|-
| 117 || [[wiktionary:scratch|to scratch]] ||   
| 137 || [[wiktionary:tie|to tie]] ||   
|-
|-
| 118 || [[wiktionary:dig|to dig]] ||   
| 138 || [[wiktionary:sew|to sew]] ||   
|-
|-
| 119 || [[wiktionary:swim|to swim]] ||   
| 139 || [[wiktionary:count|to count]] ||   
|-
|-
| 120 || [[wiktionary:fly|to fly]] ||   
| 140 || [[wiktionary:say|to say]] ||   
|-
|-
| 121 || [[wiktionary:walk|to walk]] ||   
| 141 || [[wiktionary:sing|to sing]] ||   
|-
|-
| 122 || [[wiktionary:come|to come]] ||   
| 142 || [[wiktionary:play|to play]] ||   
|-
|-
| 123 || [[wiktionary:lie|to lie]] ||   
| 143 || [[wiktionary:float|to float]] ||   
|-
|-
| 124 || [[wiktionary:sit|to sit]] ||   
| 144 || [[wiktionary:flow|to flow]] ||   
|-
|-
| 125 || [[wiktionary:stand|to stand]] ||   
| 145 || [[wiktionary:freeze|to freeze]] ||   
|-
|-
| 126 || [[wiktionary:turn|to turn]] || 
| 146 || [[wiktionary:swell|to swell]]
|-
|-
| 127 || [[wiktionary:fall|to fall]] ||
| 147 || [[wiktionary:sun|sun]] || sol
|-
|-
| 128 || [[wiktionary:give|to give]] ||
| 148 || [[wiktionary:moon|moon]] || lona
|-
|-
| 129 || [[wiktionary:hold|to hold]] ||   
| 149 || [[wiktionary:star|star]] ||   
|-
|-
| 130 || [[wiktionary:squeeze|to squeeze]] ||
| 150 || [[wiktionary:water|water]] || aqua
|-
|-
| 131 || [[wiktionary:rub|to rub]] || 
| 151 || [[wiktionary:rain|rain]]
|-
|-
| 132 || [[wiktionary:wash|to wash]] ||   
| 152 || [[wiktionary:river|river]] ||   
|-
|-
| 133 || [[wiktionary:wipe|to wipe]] ||   
| 153 || [[wiktionary:lake|lake]] ||   
|-
|-
| 134 || [[wiktionary:pull|to pull]] ||
| 154 || [[wiktionary:sea|sea]] || mare
|-
|-
| 135 || [[wiktionary:push|to push]] ||   
| 155 || [[wiktionary:salt|salt]] ||   
|-
|-
| 136 || [[wiktionary:throw|to throw]] ||   
| 156 || [[wiktionary:stone|stone]] ||   
|-
|-
| 137 || [[wiktionary:tie|to tie]] ||   
| 157 || [[wiktionary:sand|sand]] ||   
|-
|-
| 138 || [[wiktionary:sew|to sew]] ||   
| 158 || [[wiktionary:dust|dust]] ||   
|-
|-
| 139 || [[wiktionary:count|to count]] ||
| 159 || [[wiktionary:earth|earth]] || tiarra
|-
|-
| 140 || [[wiktionary:say|to say]] ||   
| 160 || [[wiktionary:cloud|cloud]] ||   
|-
|-
| 141 || [[wiktionary:sing|to sing]] ||   
| 161 || [[wiktionary:fog|fog]] ||   
|-
|-
| 142 || [[wiktionary:play|to play]] ||
| 162 || [[wiktionary:sky|sky]] || celo
|-
|-
| 143 || [[wiktionary:float|to float]] ||
| 163 || [[wiktionary:wind|wind]] || ghianto
|-
|-
| 144 || [[wiktionary:flow|to flow]] ||   
| 164 || [[wiktionary:snow|snow]] ||   
|-
|-
| 145 || [[wiktionary:freeze|to freeze]] ||   
| 165 || [[wiktionary:ice|ice]] ||   
|-
|-
| 146 || [[wiktionary:swell|to swell]]
| 166 || [[wiktionary:smoke|smoke]] || 
|-
|-
| 147 || [[wiktionary:sun|sun]] || sol
| 167 || [[wiktionary:fire|fire]] ||
|-
|-
| 148 || [[wiktionary:moon|moon]] || lona
| 168 || [[wiktionary:ash|ash]] ||  
|-
|-
| 149 || [[wiktionary:star|star]] ||   
| 169 || [[wiktionary:burn|burn]] ||   
|-
|-
| 150 || [[wiktionary:water|water]] || aqua
| 170 || [[wiktionary:road|road]] ||
|-
|-
| 151 || [[wiktionary:rain|rain]]
| 171 || [[wiktionary:mountain|mountain]] || muante
|-
|-
| 152 || [[wiktionary:river|river]] ||
| 172 || [[wiktionary:red|red]] ||  
|-
|-
| 153 || [[wiktionary:lake|lake]] ||
| 173 || [[wiktionary:green|green]] ||  
|-
|-
| 154 || [[wiktionary:sea|sea]] || mare
| 174 || [[wiktionary:yellow|yellow]] ||
|-
|-
| 155 || [[wiktionary:salt|salt]] ||
| 175 || [[wiktionary:white|white]] || albo
|-
|-
| 156 || [[wiktionary:stone|stone]] ||
| 176 || [[wiktionary:black|black]] || negro
|-
|-
| 157 || [[wiktionary:sand|sand]] ||
| 177 || [[wiktionary:night|night]] || noapte
|-
|-
| 158 || [[wiktionary:dust|dust]] ||
| 178 || [[wiktionary:day|day]] || día
|-
|-
| 159 || [[wiktionary:earth|earth]] || tiarra
| 179 || [[wiktionary:year|year]] || anno
|-
|-
| 160 || [[wiktionary:cloud|cloud]] ||   
| 180 || [[wiktionary:warm|warm]] ||   
|-
|-
| 161 || [[wiktionary:fog|fog]] ||   
| 181 || [[wiktionary:cold|cold]] ||   
|-
|-
| 162 || [[wiktionary:sky|sky]] || celo
| 182 || [[wiktionary:full|full]] || pleno
|-
|-
| 163 || [[wiktionary:wind|wind]] || ghianto
| 183 || [[wiktionary:new|new]] || nogo
|-
|-
| 164 || [[wiktionary:snow|snow]] ||
| 184 || [[wiktionary:old|old]] || seno
|-
|-
| 165 || [[wiktionary:ice|ice]] ||
| 185 || [[wiktionary:good|good]] || dueno
|-
|-
| 166 || [[wiktionary:smoke|smoke]] ||
| 186 || [[wiktionary:bad|bad]] || malo
|-
|-
| 167 || [[wiktionary:fire|fire]] ||   
| 187 || [[wiktionary:rotten|rotten]] ||   
|-
|-
| 168 || [[wiktionary:ash|ash]] ||  
| 188 || [[wiktionary:dirty|dirty]] ||
|-
|-
| 169 || [[wiktionary:burn|burn]] ||   
| 189 || [[wiktionary:straight|straight]] ||   
|-
|-
| 170 || [[wiktionary:road|road]] ||   
| 190 || [[wiktionary:round|round]] ||   
|-
|-
| 171 || [[wiktionary:mountain|mountain]] || muante
| 191 || [[wiktionary:sharp|sharp]] ||
|-
|-
| 172 || [[wiktionary:red|red]] ||  
| 192 || [[wiktionary:dull|dull]] ||
|-
|-
| 173 || [[wiktionary:green|green]] ||  
| 193 || [[wiktionary:smooth|smooth]] ||
|-
|-
| 174 || [[wiktionary:yellow|yellow]] ||   
| 194 || [[wiktionary:wet|wet]] ||   
|-
|-
| 175 || [[wiktionary:white|white]] || albo
| 195 || [[wiktionary:dry|dry]] || secco
|-
|-
| 176 || [[wiktionary:black|black]] || negro
| 196 || [[wiktionary:correct|correct]] ||
|-
|-
| 177 || [[wiktionary:night|night]] || noapte
| 197 || [[wiktionary:near|near]] ||
|-
|-
| 178 || [[wiktionary:day|day]] || día
| 198 || [[wiktionary:far|far]] ||
|-
|-
| 179 || [[wiktionary:year|year]] || anno
| 199 || [[wiktionary:right|right]] ||
|-
|-
| 180 || [[wiktionary:warm|warm]] ||   
| 200 || [[wiktionary:left|left]] ||   
|-
|-
| 181 || [[wiktionary:cold|cold]] ||
| 201 || [[wiktionary:at|at]] || a
|-
|-
| 182 || [[wiktionary:full|full]] || pleno
| 202 || [[wiktionary:in|in]] || en
|-
|-
| 183 || [[wiktionary:new|new]] || nogo
| 203 || [[wiktionary:with|with]] || con
|-
|-
| 184 || [[wiktionary:old|old]] || seno
| 204 || [[wiktionary:and|and]] || e
|-
|-
| 185 || [[wiktionary:good|good]] || dueno
| 205 || [[wiktionary:if|if]] ||
|-
|-
| 186 || [[wiktionary:bad|bad]] || malo
| 206 || [[wiktionary:because|because]] ||
|-
|-
| 187 || [[wiktionary:rotten|rotten]] || 
| 207 || [[wiktionary:name|name]] || nome
|-
|}
| 188 || [[wiktionary:dirty|dirty]] || 
 
|-
==Blank Swadesh list==
| 189 || [[wiktionary:straight|straight]] || 
<table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;">
|-
<tr>
| 190 || [[wiktionary:round|round]] || 
<th>'''No.'''</th>
|-
<th>[[wikipedia:English language|English]]</th>
| 191 || [[wiktionary:sharp|sharp]] || 
<th> </th>
|-
</tr>
| 192 || [[wiktionary:dull|dull]] || 
<tr><th>1</th><th>[[wiktionary:I|I]]</th><td> </td></tr>
|-
<tr><th>2</th><th>[[wiktionary:you|you (singular)]]</th><td> </td></tr>
| 193 || [[wiktionary:smooth|smooth]] || 
<tr><th>3</th><th>[[wiktionary:he|he]]</th><td> </td></tr>
|-
<tr><th>4</th><th>[[wiktionary:we|we]]</th><td> </td></tr>
| 194 || [[wiktionary:wet|wet]] || 
<tr><th>5</th><th>[[wiktionary:you|you (plural)]]</th><td> </td></tr>
|-
<tr><th>6</th><th>[[wiktionary:they|they]]</th><td> </td></tr>
| 195 || [[wiktionary:dry|dry]] || secco
<tr><th>7</th><th>[[wiktionary:this|this]]</th><td> </td></tr>
|-
<tr><th>8</th><th>[[wiktionary:that|that]]</th><td> </td></tr>
| 196 || [[wiktionary:correct|correct]] || 
<tr><th>9</th><th>[[wiktionary:here|here]
|-
| 197 || [[wiktionary:near|near]] || 
|-
| 198 || [[wiktionary:far|far]] || 
|-
| 199 || [[wiktionary:right|right]] || 
|-
| 200 || [[wiktionary:left|left]] || 
|-
| 201 || [[wiktionary:at|at]] || a
|-
| 202 || [[wiktionary:in|in]] || en
|-
| 203 || [[wiktionary:with|with]] || con
|-
| 204 || [[wiktionary:and|and]] || e
|-
| 205 || [[wiktionary:if|if]] || 
|-
| 206 || [[wiktionary:because|because]] || 
|-
| 207 || [[wiktionary:name|name]] || nome
|}
 
==Blank Swadesh list==
<table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;">
<tr>
<th>'''No.'''</th>
<th>[[wikipedia:English language
|-
|-
| 1 || [[wiktionary:I|I]] || 
| 2 || [[wiktionary:you|you (singular)]] ||   
|-
| 2 || [[wiktionary:you|you (singular)]] ||   
|-
|-
| 3 || [[wiktionary:he|he]] ||   
| 3 || [[wiktionary:he|he]] ||   
Line 3,517: Line 3,598:
|/ŋ/
|/ŋ/
|ng
|ng
| Used in Af Maay. Equivalent to final or pre-consonantal ''-n'' in Af Maay. Can instead be written with ''nuun''.
| Used in Af Maay. Equivalent to final or pre-consonantal ''-n'' in Af Maxaa. Can instead be written with ''nuun''.
|-
|-
|nuun<br>نون
|nuun<br>نون
Line 3,582: Line 3,663:
===Diacritics===
===Diacritics===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
|+Diacritics in Somali Arabic Alphabet
|+Diacritics in Somali Arabic Alphabet
|-
|-
! colspan="2"| Name
! colspan="2"| Name
! rowspan="2"| Diacritic
! rowspan="2"| Diacritic
! rowspan="2"|Sound represented
! rowspan="2"|Sound represented
! rowspan="2"|Latin equivalent
! rowspan="2"|Latin equivalent
! rowspan="2"|Remarks
! rowspan="2"|Remarks
|-
|-
! Arabized !! Traditional (adjective)
! Arabized !! Traditional (adjective)
|-
|-
| فتحة<br>fatxah
| فتحة<br>fatxah
| كرڟبن<br>kordhaban
| كرڟبن<br>kordhaban
| <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;">◌َ</span>
| <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;">◌َ</span>
| /a/
| /a/
| a
| a
|  
|  
|-
|-
| <br>
| <br>
| <br>
| <br>
| <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;">◌ٖ</span>
| <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;">◌ٖ</span>
| /e/
| /e/
| e
| e
|  
|  
|-
|-
| كسرة<br>kasrah
| كسرة<br>kasrah
| هوسڟبن<br>hoosdhaban
| هوسڟبن<br>hoosdhaban
| <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;">◌ِ</span>
| <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;">◌ِ</span>
| /i/
| /i/
| i
| i
|
|
|-
|
|
| <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;">◌ٗ</span>
| /o/
| o
|
|-
| ضمة<br>ḍammah
| ڭدن<br>godan
| <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;">◌ُ</span>
| /u/
| u
|
|-
|-
| <br>
| <br>
| <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;">◌٘</span>
| /ə(ʰ)/
| y (Af Maay)
| Used in Af Maay.
|-
| مدة<br>maddah
| مدن<br>madan
| <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;">◌ٓ</span>
| (aː)
| (aa)
| Only used on ''alif'' to represent the long vowel [aː].
|-
| سكون<br>sukuun
| ريبن<br>reebban
| <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;">◌ْ</span>
| colspan="2"| (absence of vowel)
| Used to show that a consonant is not followed by a vowel. It is also used on the second element of diphthongs, and optionally on the long vowel letter of long vowels.
|-
| شدة<br>shaddah
| شدن<br>shadan
| <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;">◌ّ</span>
| colspan="2"| (geminated consonant)
| Used to show that a consonant is geminated.
|-
| <!--الف خنجرية<br>‘alif khanjariyyah-->
| <br>
| <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;">◌ٰ</span>
| /aː/
| aa
| Used for /aː/ in a few words as an alternative to ـَا.
|-
| فتحتين\فتحة تنوين<br>fatxatayn/fatxah tanwiin
| لب كرڟبن<br>laba kordhaban
| <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;">◌ً</span>
| /an/
| an
| rowspan="3"| In Arabic phrases only.
|-
| كسرتين\كسرة تنوين<br>kasratayn/kasrah tanwiin
| لب هوسڟبن<br>laba hoosdhaban
| <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;">◌ٍ</span>
| /in/
| in
|-
| ضمتين\ضمة تنوين<br>ḍammatayn/ḍammah tanwiin
| لب ڭدن<br>laba godan
| <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;">◌ٌ</span>
| /un/
| un
|-
|}
 
Long vowels are written as the short vowel followed by the corresponding long vowel letter.
 
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
|+ Long vowels in the Somali Arabic Alphabet
|-
! aa || ee || ii || oo || uu
|-dir="rtl"
| <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;">ـَا</span>
| <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;">ـٖي</span>
| <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;">ـِي</span>
| <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;">ـٗو</span>
| <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;">ـُو</span>
|}
 
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
|+ Diphthongs in the Somali Arabic Alphabet
|-
! aw || ay || ey || ow || oy || aaw || aay || eey || oow || ooy
|-dir="rtl"
| <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;">ـَوْ</span>
| <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;">ـَيْ</span>
| <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;">ـٖيْ</span>
| <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;">ـٗوْ</span>
| <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;">ـٗيْ</span>
| <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;">ـَاوْ</span>
| <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;">ـَايْ</span>
| <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;">ـٖيّْ</span>
| <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;">ـٗوّْ</span>
| <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;">ـٗويْ</span>
<!--
| <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;">ـَا</span>
| <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;">ـٖي</span>
| <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;">ـِي</span>
| <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;">ـٗو</span>
| <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;">ـُو</span>
-->
|}
 
Vowels, when occurring at the beginning of words, are placed on top of ''alif'' (ا). This ''alif'' actually has a ''hamzah'' on it; however, this ''hamzah'' is often left unwritten. However, /(ʔ)aː/ is written with ''maddah'' on ''alif'' (آ). <!--Long vowels are written as they would be in the middle of the word, except that ''waaw'' (و), and <i>yaa'</i> (ي) would be preceded by ''alif'' instead of another consonant.The exception to this convention is long vowel [aa], where similar to Arabic, ''[[w:Arabic_diacritics#Maddah|alif maddah]]'' (آ) is used.-->
 
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
|+Vowels at the beginning of words in the Somali Arabic Alphabet
|-
! colspan = "5" | Short vowels
! colspan = "5" | Long vowels
|-
! a || e || i || o || u || aa || ee || ii || oo || uu
|-dir="rtl"
| <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;">اَ</span>
| <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;">اٖ</span>
| <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;">اِ</span>
| <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;">اٗ</span>
| <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;">اُ</span>
| <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;">آ</span>
| <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;">اٖي</span>
| <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;">اِي</span>
| <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;">اٗو</span>
| <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;">اُو</span>
|}
<!--
Like in Arabic, ''sukūn'' (◌ْ) and ''shaddah'' (◌ّ) are used to indicate an unvowelled consonant and a geminate consonant respectively. They can also be used on the consonant letter of long vowels; however, they are more often dropped.-->
===Adapted for other languages===
====Oromo====
Similar to Somali, but with the following changes:
*ڀ for /pʼ/.
*ڇ or ڃ for /tʃʼ/.
*ط for /tʼ/ in native Oromo words.
*ڠ‎ for /ɡ/ instead of ڭ‎ (though ڭ‎ can alternatively be used).
*ق for /kʼ/ in native Oromo words.
*There is no ݦ.
<!--
====Afar====
Similar to Somali.
-->
====Amharic and Tigrigna====
Similar to Oromo, with the following changes:
*پ is exclusively used for /p/.
** /β/ is represented identically to /v/: ڤ.
*ژ for /ʒ/.
*ڞ for /(t)sʼ/.
*There is no ڟ. <!--Alternatively, it can be used for /tʃʼ/ instead of ڇ or ڃ.-->
*څ for /xʼ/ (exclusive to Tigrigna).
*Vowels:
**/e/ and /o/ are written as Somali /eː/ and /oː/ respectively.
**/ə/ is written as Somali /a/.
**/a/ is written as Somali /aː/ (though it may be written as /a/ after guttural consonants).
**/i/ and /u/ are written as Somali /i(ː)/ and /u(ː)/ respectively. They are most often written as the long variants except in Arabic loanwords.
**/ɨ/ is written as Af Maay /ə/.
**Labialized consonants are written either as a combination of consinant plus /w/, or with a ''ḍammah'' as follows (with /kʷ/ as an example):
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
|+Representation of labialized consonants
|-
! kʷə || kʷi || kʷa || kʷe || kʷ(ɨ)
|-dir="rtl"
| <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;">كَُ</span>
| <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;">كُِي</span>
| <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;">كَُا</span>
| <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;">كُٖي</span>
| <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;">كُ</span>
|}
 
====Additional letters for other languages spoken in Ethiopia====
When needed, the following additional letters are used:
*ݝ for /ŋ/.
*ڮ‎ for /kʼ/ when distinguished from /q/.
*Gurage palatalized velars:<!-- are represented with ۦ (small <i>yaa'</i>) under the letter.-->
**ك࣮ for /kʲ/.
**عٔ for /ɡʲ/.
**ٯٔ for /kʲʼ/.
**حٔ for /xʲ/.
*Retroflex:
**ٿ for /ʈʂ/.
**ڟ for /ʈʂʼ/ (instead of /ɖ/).
**ݜ for /ʂ/.
**ڙ for /ʐ/.
*Implosives:
**ڀ for /ɓ/ (instead of /pʼ/).
**ڎ for /ɗ/.
 
==Deslavic==
Basically, a Slavic language that lost all (or most) distinctive Slavic features.
 
Note: It's not that these features did not develop, but rather they did develop and then were lost.
====Phonology====
Palatalization:
*Palatalized consonants are lost, either merging with their plain counterparts or become a different consonant altogether.
*When a root would have alterations between palatalized and non-palatalized consonants, one of these variants is selected and extended to all forms.
{| class=wikitable style="text-align:center"}
|+ Fate of palatalized consonants
|-
! Proto-Slavic !! Unpalatalized !! Palatalized
|-
| m
|-
| p
|-
| b
|-
| v
|-
| n
|-
| t
|-
| d
|-
| c
|-
| dz
|-
| s
|-
|-
|
| z
|
| <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;">◌ٗ</span>
| /o/
| o
|
|-
|-
| ضمة<br>ḍammah
| r
| ڭدن<br>godan
| <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;">◌ُ</span>
| /u/
| u
|
|-
|-
| l
|-
|-
| <br>
| ň
| <br>
| <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;">◌٘</span>
| /ə(ʰ)/
| y (Af Maay)
| Used in Af Maay.
|-
|-
| مدة<br>maddah
| ť
| مدن<br>madan
| <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;">◌ٓ</span>
| (aː)
| (aa)
| Only used on ''alif'' to represent the long vowel [aː].
|-
|-
| سكون<br>sukuun
| ď
| ريبن<br>reebban
| <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;">◌ْ</span>
| colspan="2"| (absence of vowel)
| Used to show that a consonant is not followed by a vowel. It is also used on the second element of diphthongs, and optionally on the long vowel letter of long vowels.
|-
|-
| شدة<br>shaddah
| č
| شدن<br>shadan
| <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;">◌ّ</span>
| colspan="2"| (geminated consonant)
| Used to show that a consonant is geminated.
|-
|-
| <!--الف خنجرية<br>‘alif khanjariyyah-->
| ždž
| <br>
| <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;">◌ٰ</span>
| /aː/
| aa
| Used for /aː/ in a few words as an alternative to ـَا.
|-
|-
| فتحتين\فتحة تنوين<br>fatxatayn/fatxah tanwiin
| š
| لب كرڟبن<br>laba kordhaban
| <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;">◌ً</span>
| /an/
| an
| rowspan="3"| In Arabic phrases only.
|-
|-
| كسرتين\كسرة تنوين<br>kasratayn/kasrah tanwiin
| ś
| لب هوسڟبن<br>laba hoosdhaban
| <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;">◌ٍ</span>
| /in/
| in
|-
|-
| ضمتين\ضمة تنوين<br>ḍammatayn/ḍammah tanwiin
| ž
| لب ڭدن<br>laba godan
| <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;">◌ٌ</span>
| /un/
| un
|-
|-
|}
| ř
 
Long vowels are written as the short vowel followed by the corresponding long vowel letter.
 
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
|+ Long vowels in the Somali Arabic Alphabet
|-
|-
! aa || ee || ii || oo || uu
| ľ
|-dir="rtl"
| <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;">ـَا</span>
| <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;">ـٖي</span>
| <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;">ـِي</span>
| <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;">ـٗو</span>
| <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;">ـُو</span>
|}
 
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
|+ Diphthongs in the Somali Arabic Alphabet
|-
|-
! aw || ay || ey || ow || oy || aaw || aay || eey || oow || ooy
| j
|-dir="rtl"
| <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;">ـَوْ</span>
| <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;">ـَيْ</span>
| <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;">ـٖيْ</span>
| <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;">ـٗوْ</span>
| <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;">ـٗيْ</span>
| <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;">ـَاوْ</span>
| <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;">ـَايْ</span>
| <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;">ـٖيّْ</span>
| <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;">ـٗوّْ</span>
| <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;">ـٗويْ</span>
<!--
| <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;">ـَا</span>
| <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;">ـٖي</span>
| <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;">ـِي</span>
| <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;">ـٗو</span>
| <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;">ـُو</span>
-->
|}
 
Vowels, when occurring at the beginning of words, are placed on top of ''alif'' (ا). This ''alif'' actually has a ''hamzah'' on it; however, this ''hamzah'' is often left unwritten. However, /(ʔ)aː/ is written with ''maddah'' on ''alif'' (آ). <!--Long vowels are written as they would be in the middle of the word, except that ''waaw'' (و), and <i>yaa'</i> (ي) would be preceded by ''alif'' instead of another consonant.The exception to this convention is long vowel [aa], where similar to Arabic, ''[[w:Arabic_diacritics#Maddah|alif maddah]]'' (آ) is used.-->
 
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
|+Vowels at the beginning of words in the Somali Arabic Alphabet
|-
|-
! colspan = "5" | Short vowels
| k
! colspan = "5" | Long vowels
|-
|-
! a || e || i || o || u || aa || ee || ii || oo || uu
| g
|-dir="rtl"
| <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;">اَ</span>
| <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;">اٖ</span>
| <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;">اِ</span>
| <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;">اٗ</span>
| <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;">اُ</span>
| <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;">آ</span>
| <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;">اٖي</span>
| <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;">اِي</span>
| <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;">اٗو</span>
| <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;">اُو</span>
|}
<!--
Like in Arabic, ''sukūn'' (◌ْ) and ''shaddah'' (◌ّ) are used to indicate an unvowelled consonant and a geminate consonant respectively. They can also be used on the consonant letter of long vowels; however, they are more often dropped.-->
===Adapted for other languages===
====Oromo====
Similar to Somali, but with the following changes:
*ڀ for /pʼ/.
*ڇ or ڃ for /tʃʼ/.
*ط for /tʼ/ in native Oromo words.
*ڠ‎ for /ɡ/ instead of ڭ‎ (though ڭ‎ can alternatively be used).
*ق for /kʼ/ in native Oromo words.
*There is no ݦ.
<!--
====Afar====
Similar to Somali.
-->
====Amharic and Tigrigna====
Similar to Oromo, with the following changes:
*پ is exclusively used for /p/.
** /β/ is represented identically to /v/: ڤ.
*ژ for /ʒ/.
*ڞ for /(t)sʼ/.
*There is no ڟ. <!--Alternatively, it can be used for /tʃʼ/ instead of ڇ or ڃ.-->
*څ for /xʼ/ (exclusive to Tigrigna).
*Vowels:
**/e/ and /o/ are written as Somali /eː/ and /oː/ respectively.
**/ə/ is written as Somali /a/.
**/a/ is written as Somali /aː/ (though it may be written as /a/ after guttural consonants).
**/i/ and /u/ are written as Somali /i(ː)/ and /u(ː)/ respectively. They are most often written as the long variants except in Arabic loanwords.
**/ɨ/ is written as Af Maay /ə/.
**Labialized consonants are written either as a combination of consinant plus /w/, or with a ''ḍammah'' as follows (with /kʷ/ as an example):
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
|+Representation of labialized consonants
|-
|-
! kʷə || kʷi || kʷa || kʷe || kʷ(ɨ)
| x
|-dir="rtl"
| <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;">كَُ</span>
| <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;">كُِي</span>
| <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;">كَُا</span>
| <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;">كُٖي</span>
| <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;">كُ</span>
|}
|}
====Additional letters for other languages spoken in Ethiopia====
When needed, the following additional letters are used:
*ݝ for /ŋ/.
*ڮ‎ for /kʼ/ when distinguished from /q/.
*Gurage palatalized velars:<!-- are represented with ۦ (small <i>yaa'</i>) under the letter.-->
**ك࣮ for /kʲ/.
**عٔ for /ɡʲ/.
**ٯٔ for /kʲʼ/.
**حٔ for /xʲ/.
*Retroflex:
**ٿ for /ʈʂ/.
**ڟ for /ʈʂʼ/ (instead of /ɖ/).
**ݜ for /ʂ/.
**ڙ for /ʐ/.
*Implosives:
**ڀ for /ɓ/ (instead of /pʼ/).
**ڎ for /ɗ/.


==Endnotes==
==Endnotes==
Shariifka
7,053

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