Old Ynju: Difference between revisions

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{{Infobox language
{{Infobox language
| nativename = Yndu
| creator = Chuvachok1234
| creator = Chuvachok1234
| image = [[File:Old_Ynju_Mittalo-Tenghinic_Syllabary.png|250px]]
| imagesize = 250px
| imagecaption = "Yndu" in [https://www.reddit.com/r/neography/comments/1769pf2/tenghinomittaalic_syllabary/ Old Tenghino-Mittaalic] script
| name = Old Ynju
| name = Old Ynju
| region = Southeastern part of Western Continent
| region = Southeastern part of Western Continent
Line 8: Line 12:
| child2 = [[Mitaal]]
| child2 = [[Mitaal]]
}}
}}
'''Old Ynju''' is a language from [[Mittaali languages|Mittaali]] language family, which is an ancestor of two languages: [[Ynju]] and [[Mitaal]]
[[File:Old_Ynju_Middle_Tenghino_Mittaalic_script.png|250px]] "Yndu" in Middle Tenghino-Mittaalic script
 
 
'''Old Ynju''' (also called Old Mitaal) is a language from [[Mittaali languages|Mittaali]] language family, which is an ancestor of two languages: [[Ynju]] and [[Mitaal]]
==Phonology==
==Phonology==
===Consonants===
===Consonants===
Old Ynju Had usual inventory for an Mittaali language, featuring only 15 phonemic consonants.
Old Ynju Had usual inventory for an Mittaali language, featuring only 17 phonemic consonants.
{| class="wikitable"  style="margin:autmargin:auto;"
{| class="wikitable"  style="margin:autmargin:auto;"
|+caption | Consonant phonemes
|+caption | Consonant phonemes
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|- style="text-align:center;"
|- style="text-align:center;"
! colspan="1" | Nasal
! colspan="1" | Nasal
| *m
| m
| colspan="1" | *n
| colspan="1" | n
|
|
|
|
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| p pː (b)
| p pː (b)
| colspan="1" | t tː (d)
| colspan="1" | t tː (d)
|
| colspan="1" | tʃ
| colspan="1" | k kː (g)
| colspan="1" | k kː (g)
|- style="text-align:center;"
|- style="text-align:center;"
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| colspan="2" | a aː
| colspan="2" | a aː
|}
|}
==Development from Proto-Ynju-Wenth==
===Development from Proto-Ynju-Wenth===
Old Ynju features palatalisation of sequences *tj, *kj and *sj to t͡ʃ and ʃ. [[Proto-Ynju-Wenth]] stops *p *t *k lenited to [b], [d] and [g] intervocalicly, with [b] and [g] leniting to [w] and [j] respectivly when they are near a sonorant. In Ynju b d and g lenited further into [β], [j] and [h]. Geminated stops are retained in Ynju but became degeminated in Mitaal, making voicing phonemic. Sequences of a semivowel + vowel and vowel + semivowel monophtongised:
Old Ynju features palatalisation of sequences *tj, *kj and *sj to t͡ʃ and ʃ. [[Proto-Ynju-Wenth]] stops *p *t *k lenited to [b], [d] and [g] intervocalicly, with [b] and [g] leniting to [w] and [j] respectivly when they are near a sonorant, which isn't written in Old Mittaalo-Tenghinic Script. In Ynju b d and g lenited further into [β], [j] and [h]. Geminated stops are retained in Ynju but became degeminated in Mitaal, making voicing phonemic. PYW *ʂ became ʃ everywhere. Sequences of a semivowel + vowel and vowel + semivowel monophtongised:
{| Class="wikitable"
{| Class="wikitable"  
! Proto-Ynju-Wenth !! Old Ynju !! Envoirement
! Proto-Ynju-Wenth !! Old Ynju !! Envoirement
|-
|-
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| iw, uj || yː || _{C, #}
| iw, uj || yː || _{C, #}
|-
|-
| wi, ju || yː || {C, #}_
| wi, ju || y || {C, #}_
|-
| ajwa, awja, ajwi, awju, ujwa, iwja || øː || Any
|-
| iwju, ujwi || yː || Any
|}
===Romanisation===
[ø] is oe, [y] is y, long vowels are doubled, [t͡ʃ] and [ʃ] are c and š
 
==Grammar==
Old Ynju is an very regular, SVO head-initial, agglutinative language, much like other Mittaali languages. Nouns follow Nominative-Accusative alignment and verbs are conjugated for mood, voice, tense and aspect.
===Nouns===
Nouns have following cases:<br>
Nominative: no marking<br>
Accutative: -but<br>
Locative: -gul<br>
Dative: -wa<br>
Lative: -lak<br>
Instrumental: -lyy<br>
Comitative: -sfi<br>
Genetive: -ca<br>
Plural is formed by adding -gus after case suffix. For Accusative and Lative, last consonant is removed and -gus becomes -kkus Nominalisation is by adding suffix -li with lengthening of a vowel.
 
===Verbs===
Verbs are conjugated for mood, voice, tense and aspect (in this order). Old Ynju, like other Mittaali languages lacks infinitive. Imperative is formed by reduplicating the verb. Conditional by adding -gu, which also modifies certain vowel before it:
{| Class="wikitable"
! Before !! After
|-
| a < *a || u
|-
| o < *wa || wu
|-
| i < *i || a
|-
| e < *ja || y
|-
| y < *wi || o
|-
| øː < *iwja || yː
|-
| øː < *ajwa || eːwu
|-
| øː < *ujwa || yːwu
|-
|-
| ajwa, awja || øː || Any
| yː < *ujwi || øː
|}
|}
Passive voice is formed by adding -mri, Middle voice by adding -gut. Following tense suffixes are reconstructed:<br>Present tense is unmarked<br>Past: -lja<br>Future: -cu<br>Perfective aspect is unmarked, while Imperfective is marked with -fsa. Habitual is formed by suffix -mu with lengthening of a vowel.
[[Category:Languages]]
[[Category:Languages]]

Latest revision as of 11:22, 30 May 2024

Old Ynju
Yndu
Old Ynju Mittalo-Tenghinic Syllabary.png
"Yndu" in Old Tenghino-Mittaalic script
Created byChuvachok1234

Old Ynju Middle Tenghino Mittaalic script.png "Yndu" in Middle Tenghino-Mittaalic script


Old Ynju (also called Old Mitaal) is a language from Mittaali language family, which is an ancestor of two languages: Ynju and Mitaal

Phonology

Consonants

Old Ynju Had usual inventory for an Mittaali language, featuring only 17 phonemic consonants.

Consonant phonemes
Labial Dental Palatal Velar
Nasal m n
Stop p pː (b) t tː (d) tʃ k kː (g)
Fricative f s ʃ x
Trill r
Approximant w l j

Vowels

Old Ynju had 8 vowels, not unlike Ynju and Mitaal. 7 can occur either short or long and 8th vowel, /ø/ could only be long

Vowel phonemes
Front Back
Close i iː y yː u uː
Mid e eː øː o oː
Open a aː

Development from Proto-Ynju-Wenth

Old Ynju features palatalisation of sequences *tj, *kj and *sj to t͡ʃ and ʃ. Proto-Ynju-Wenth stops *p *t *k lenited to [b], [d] and [g] intervocalicly, with [b] and [g] leniting to [w] and [j] respectivly when they are near a sonorant, which isn't written in Old Mittaalo-Tenghinic Script. In Ynju b d and g lenited further into [β], [j] and [h]. Geminated stops are retained in Ynju but became degeminated in Mitaal, making voicing phonemic. PYW *ʂ became ʃ everywhere. Sequences of a semivowel + vowel and vowel + semivowel monophtongised:

Proto-Ynju-Wenth Old Ynju Envoirement
aj eː _{C, #}
ja e {C, #}_
aw oː _{C, #}
wa o {C, #}_
iw, uj yː _{C, #}
wi, ju y {C, #}_
ajwa, awja, ajwi, awju, ujwa, iwja øː Any
iwju, ujwi yː Any

Romanisation

[ø] is oe, [y] is y, long vowels are doubled, [t͡ʃ] and [ʃ] are c and š

Grammar

Old Ynju is an very regular, SVO head-initial, agglutinative language, much like other Mittaali languages. Nouns follow Nominative-Accusative alignment and verbs are conjugated for mood, voice, tense and aspect.

Nouns

Nouns have following cases:
Nominative: no marking
Accutative: -but
Locative: -gul
Dative: -wa
Lative: -lak
Instrumental: -lyy
Comitative: -sfi
Genetive: -ca
Plural is formed by adding -gus after case suffix. For Accusative and Lative, last consonant is removed and -gus becomes -kkus Nominalisation is by adding suffix -li with lengthening of a vowel.

Verbs

Verbs are conjugated for mood, voice, tense and aspect (in this order). Old Ynju, like other Mittaali languages lacks infinitive. Imperative is formed by reduplicating the verb. Conditional by adding -gu, which also modifies certain vowel before it:

Before After
a < *a u
o < *wa wu
i < *i a
e < *ja y
y < *wi o
øː < *iwja yː
øː < *ajwa eːwu
øː < *ujwa yːwu
yː < *ujwi øː

Passive voice is formed by adding -mri, Middle voice by adding -gut. Following tense suffixes are reconstructed:
Present tense is unmarked
Past: -lja
Future: -cu
Perfective aspect is unmarked, while Imperfective is marked with -fsa. Habitual is formed by suffix -mu with lengthening of a vowel.

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