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Ogbami languages: Difference between revisions
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Contrary to popular belief, the [[Tumachee|Tumachic languages]], though influenced by many Ogbami languages, are not a member of the family itself. | Contrary to popular belief, the [[Tumachee|Tumachic languages]], though influenced by many Ogbami languages, are not a member of the family itself. | ||
The languages, though very varied, can usually be recognised by the signature nasal-plosive diphthongs, or ''*NC'' as it is often referred to for short. ''*NC''s can be found in almost all Ogbami languages, and the sole exception, the Owhenda language, | The languages, though very varied, can usually be recognised by the signature nasal-plosive diphthongs, or ''*NC'' as it is often referred to for short. ''*NC''s can be found in almost all Ogbami languages, and the sole exception, the Owhenda language, uses variations of ''*VNC''(vowel-nasal-plosive) and ''*NVC''(nasal-vowel-plosive). | ||
==Classification== | ==Classification== | ||
The classification of the Ogbami languages have always been controversial. Critics have always noted the wide variety of phonology and morphology among the Ogbami languages, even though the grammar seems to be mostly be the same across the various branches of the family. Rather less logically, various Chub and Gnu [[w:Nationalism|nationalists]] have opposed the very concept of the two respective languages being part of the same family, as the Chub and the Gnu peoples have historically been bitter enemies, even under the united banner of the Sleeping Bull. | The classification of the Ogbami languages have always been controversial. Critics have always noted the wide variety of phonology and morphology among the Ogbami languages, even though the grammar seems to be mostly be the same across the various branches of the family. Rather less logically, various Chub and Gnu [[w:Nationalism|nationalists]] have opposed the very concept of the two respective languages being part of the same family, as the Chub and the Gnu peoples have historically been bitter enemies, even under the united banner of the Sleeping Bull. | ||
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The general explanation for this pattern is that the languages experienced geographical sprachbund in the affected areas. | The general explanation for this pattern is that the languages experienced geographical sprachbund in the affected areas. | ||
====Velar-Uvular==== | ====Velar-Uvular==== | ||
The Velar-Uvular hypothesis, in opposition to the North-South hypothesis, tends to focus more on specific phonetic categories rather than geographical sprachbund. This hypothesis splits the Ogbami languages into two categories: Velar, which contains languages like | The Velar-Uvular hypothesis, in opposition to the North-South hypothesis, tends to focus more on specific phonetic categories rather than geographical sprachbund. This hypothesis splits the Ogbami languages into two categories: Velar, which contains languages like Chub, Aoyého', Tsansi and Yañgo, and Uvular, which contains languages like Gnu, Ichaéno and Owhenda. As is implied in the name, '''Velar Ogbami''' languages tend to feature more prominently velar sounds like /k/, /g/, /x/ and occasionally /ɣ/ or /ɫ~ʟ/. These sounds generally correspond to Proto-Ogbami ''*k'', ''*g'', ''*x'', ''*s̪'' and ''*-l''. '''Uvular Ogbami''' languages seem to not only preserve most of the aforementioned Proto-Ogbami sounds, but also copy and shift them to an uvular realisation, with Proto-Ogbami final ''*k'' and ''*x'' often shifting to /q/ and /χ/. A shift of Proto-Ogbami ''*g'' > /ɢ/ is rarer, but does appear in some dialects of Gnu, particularly in the east of the Gnu Nation. In Ichaéno, Proto-Ogbami ''*g'' and ''*x'' merged into /ɣ~ʁ/, as seen in Ichaéno ''ya'''ğ'''wééŋ'' and ''chę'''ğ'''ee'', from Proto-Ogbami ''*ja'''g'''oiŋm'' and ''*cų'''x'''e̥'' respectively. In Gnu specifically, Proto-Ogbami ''*ŋ'' became /ɴ/. | ||
==Notes== | ==Notes== | ||
[[Category:Ogbami languages]] | [[Category:Ogbami languages]] | ||
[[Category:Language families]] | [[Category:Language families]] | ||