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Old Grekelin: Difference between revisions
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The migration of Greek populations and their settlements in the Kingdom of Hungary created a massive distance between Greek and Grekelin, and with little education and linguistic isolation, the Greek populace began speaking a divergent dialect, with lots of Hungarian influence, that eventually made the language split from Greek. By the time of Greek independence (19th century), the Grekelin speakers had already a highly divergent language that didn't resemble Greek as much. | The migration of Greek populations and their settlements in the Kingdom of Hungary created a massive distance between Greek and Grekelin, and with little education and linguistic isolation, the Greek populace began speaking a divergent dialect, with lots of Hungarian influence, that eventually made the language split from Greek. By the time of Greek independence (19th century), the Grekelin speakers had already a highly divergent language that didn't resemble Greek as much. | ||
Old Grekelin is the linguistic link between the Byzantine Greeks that settled in Hungary, who spoke the vernacular Medieval Greek language, and Standard (Modern) Grekelin which is the final product of this dialect | Old Grekelin is the linguistic link between the Byzantine Greeks that settled in Hungary, who spoke the vernacular Medieval Greek language, and Standard (Modern) Grekelin which is the final product of this dialect. | ||
==History== | ==History== | ||
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Already by the 16th century however, Grekelin was largely different, both in phonetics and grammar. In addition, Grekelin was by now written exclusively with the Latin alphabet, as few Greek scholars were left to teach the Greek one. Further attempts in the 17th century to convert the Grekelin-speaking population to Catholicism resulted in the introduction of many foreign (Latin and Hungarian) words, and by the 19th century Grekelin would be completely different, grammatically and lexically. | Already by the 16th century however, Grekelin was largely different, both in phonetics and grammar. In addition, Grekelin was by now written exclusively with the Latin alphabet, as few Greek scholars were left to teach the Greek one. Further attempts in the 17th century to convert the Grekelin-speaking population to Catholicism resulted in the introduction of many foreign (Latin and Hungarian) words, and by the 19th century Grekelin would be completely different, grammatically and lexically. | ||
==Pre-Grekelin== | |||
Pre-Grekelin refers to the original Medieval Greek dialect that Grekelin developed out of in Asia Minor. Not much is known about this dialect, except that it is the same dialect that Cappadocian Greek developed out of. As such, Pre-Grekelin might've been distinct from Mainland Greek, which is generally the base for Modern Greek. Pre-Grekelin itself is possibly a dialect of Pontic Greek, as shown by the absence of Iotacism and the use of archaic vocabulary. | |||
==Phonology== | |||
Old Grekelin's phonology is very close to the Medieval Greek one, unlike modern [[Grekelin]] which has come closer to the Hungarian phonology (depending on the dialect, also Slavic and German influences exist). | |||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
|+ Consonants in Old Grekelin | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan="2" | ↓Manner/Place→ | |||
! colspan="5" | Place of Articulation | |||
|- | |||
! Bilabial !! Labiodental !! Alveolar !! Palatal !! Velar | |||
|- | |||
! Nasal | |||
| /m/ /n/ || || || /ɲ/ || /ŋ/ | |||
|- | |||
! Stop | |||
| /p/ /b/ || || /t/ /d/ || /c/ /ɟ/ || /k/ /g/ | |||
|- | |||
! Affricate | |||
| || || /d͡z/ || || /k͡x/ | |||
|- | |||
! Fricative | |||
| /f/ /v/ || /s/ /z/ || /θ/ /ð/ || /ç/ /j/ || /x/ /ɣ/ | |||
|- | |||
! Tap | |||
| || || /ɾ/ || || | |||
|- | |||
! Lateral approximant | |||
| || || /l/ || /ʎ/ || | |||
|} | |||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
|+ Vowels in Old Grekelin | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan="2" | !! colspan="2" | Height | |||
|- | |||
! Front !! Back | |||
|- | |||
! High | |||
| /i/ || /y/ || /u/ | |||
|- | |||
! High-mid | |||
| || || /o/ | |||
|- | |||
! Low-mid | |||
| /e/ || || | |||
|- | |||
! Low | |||
| || || /a/ | |||
|} | |||
==Dialects== | ==Dialects== | ||
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:: - Introduction of the /nd/ consonant cluster where Medieval Greek has /d/ | :: - Introduction of the /nd/ consonant cluster where Medieval Greek has /d/ | ||
:: - Loss of the future article ('''[θa]''' in Modern Greek) and replacement with '''[ɛˈnɑ]''' | :: - Loss of the future article ('''[θa]''' in Modern Greek) and replacement with '''[ɛˈnɑ]''' | ||
==Slavic Dialects== | ==Slavic Dialects== | ||
The Slavic dialects, which took their name from the Slavic-speaking areas they evolved at, and their quite Slavic sound (Palatalization, nasal vowels, raising unstressed vowels) are the only dialect group to actually survive to this day in the form of Slavic Grekelin. The Slavic dialects used to be far more spoken than their Danubian counterparts; This would last until the rise of nationalism saw the mass assimilation of them. This dialect shares the same changes with the Danubian ones (Except for the /nd/ introduction and the rounding of /i/) due to their common ancestor, along with the changes mentioned above. | The Slavic dialects, which took their name from the Slavic-speaking areas they evolved at, and their quite Slavic sound (Palatalization, nasal vowels, raising unstressed vowels) are the only dialect group to actually survive to this day in the form of Slavic Grekelin. The Slavic dialects used to be far more spoken than their Danubian counterparts; This would last until the rise of nationalism saw the mass assimilation of them. This dialect shares the same changes with the Danubian ones (Except for the /nd/ introduction and the rounding of /i/) due to their common ancestor, along with the changes mentioned above. | ||
<small>For the sake of convenience, nasal vowels take an accute accent above them.</small> | <small>For the sake of convenience, nasal vowels take an accute accent above them.</small> | ||