Hemaluan: Difference between revisions

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==Orthography==
==Orthography==
Hemaluan is written with Katakana and Kanji.
Hemaluan is written with Kanji and Katakana.


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
!
|+ Kana
|-
|-
|
! ア !! イ !! ウ !! エ !! オ !! ン !! ー !! ヽ !! 〱 !! 々
|-
| /a/ || /i/ || /u,ɨ,wɨ/ || /e,je/ || /o,ə/ || /n,l,ŋ/ || /Vː/ || infix marker || partial redup. || full redup.
|-
! カ !! キ !! ク !! ケ !! コ !! ガ !! ギ !! グ !! ゲ !! ゴ
|-
| /ka/ || /ki/ || /ku,kɨ,k/ || /ke/ || /ko,kə/ || /ga/ || /gi/ || /gu,gɨ,g/ || /ge/ || /go,gə/
|-
! サ !! シ !! ス !! セ !! ソ !! シャ !! !! シュ !! シェ !! ショ
|-
| /sa/ || /si,ʃi,ʃ/ || /su,sɨ,s/ || /se/ || /so,sə/ || /ʃa/ || || /ʃu,ʃɨ/ || /ʃe/ || /ʃo,ʃə/
|-
! タ !! チ !! ツ !! テ !! ト !! ダ !! ジ !! ズ !! デ !! ド
|-
| /ta/ || /ti,t͡ʃi/ || /tu,tɨ,t/ || /te/ || /to,tə/ || /da/ || /di,d͡ʒi,d͡ʒ/ || /du,dɨ,d/ || /de/ || /do,də/
|-
! チャ !! !! チュ !! チェ !! チョ !! ジャ !! !! ジュ !! ジェ !! ジョ
|-
| /t͡ʃa/ || || /t͡ʃu,t͡ʃɨ,t͡ʃ/ || /t͡ʃe/ || /t͡ʃo,t͡ʃə/ || /d͡ʒa/ || || /d͡ʒu,d͡ʒɨ/ || /d͡ʒe/ || /d͡ʒo,d͡ʒə/
|-
! ナ !! ニ !! ヌ !! ネ !! ノ !! ニャ !! !! ニュ !! ニェ !! ニョ
|-
| /na,la/ || /ni,ɲi,li/ || /nu,nɨ,lu,lɨ/ || /ne,le/ || /no,lo,nə,lə/ || /ɲa/ || || /ɲu,ɲɨ/ || /ɲe/ || /ɲo/
|-
! ハ !! ヒ !! フ !! ヘ !! ホ !! マ !! ミ !! ム !! メ !! モ
|-
| /ha/ || /hi/ || /hu,hɨ,h/ || /he/ || /ho,hə/ || /ma/ || /mi/ || /mu,mɨ,m/ || /me/ || /mo,mə/
|-
! バ !! ビ !! ブ !! ベ !! ボ
|-
| /ba/ || /bi/ || /bu,bɨ,b/ || /be/ || /bo,bə/
|-
! ヤ !! !! ユ !! !! ヨ !! ワ !! ヰ !! !! ヱ !! ヲ
|-
| /ja/ || || /ju,jɨ/ || || /jo,jə/ || /wa/ || /wi/ || || /we/ || /wo,wə/
|-
! ラ !! リ !! ル !! レ !! ロ !! カ゚ !! キ゚ !! ク゚ !! ケ゚ !! レ゚
|-
| /ra/ || /ri/ || /ru,rɨ,r/ || /re/ || /ro,rə/ || /ŋa/ || /ŋi/ || /ŋu,ŋɨ/ || /ŋe/ || /ŋo,ŋə/
|}
|}
*⟨ヽ⟩ is only used when the infixee is written with Kanji.


And is romanized as follows:
And is romanized as follows:
Line 51: Line 91:
==Phonology==
==Phonology==
===Consonants===
===Consonants===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Consonants
|-
! !! colspan="2" | [[w:Labial consonant|Labial]] !! colspan="2" | [[w:Alveolar consonant|Alveolar]] !! colspan="2" | [[w:Palatal consonant|Palatal]] !! colspan="2" | [[w:Velar consonant|Velar]]
|-
! [[w:Nasal consonant|Nasal]]
| colspan="2" | [[w:Voiced bilabial nasal|m]] || colspan="2" | [[w:Voiced alveolar nasal|n]] || colspan="2" | [[w:Voiced palatal nasal|ɲ]] || colspan="2" | [[w:Voiced velar nasal|ŋ]]
|-
! [[w:Stop consonant|Stop]]
| || [[w:Voiced bilabial stop|b]] || [[w:Voiceless alveolar stop|t]] || [[w:Voiced alveolar stop|d]] || [[w:Voiceless postalveolar affricate|t͡ʃ]] || [[w:Voiced postalveolar affricate|d͡ʒ]] || [[w:Voiceless velar stop|k]] || [[w:Voiced velar stop|g]]
|-
! [[w:Fricative consonant|Fricative]]
| colspan="2" | || [[w:Voiceless alveolar fricative|s]] || || [[w:Voiceless postalveolar fricative|ʃ]] || || [[w:Voiceless glottal fricative|h]]
|-
! [[w:Approximant|Approximant]]
| colspan="2" | [[w:Voiced labial–velar approximant|w]] || colspan="2" | [[w:Voiced alveolar lateral approximant|l]] || colspan="2" | [[w:Voiced palatal approximant|j]]
|-
! [[w:Tap and flap consonants|Tap]]
| colspan="2" | || colspan="2" | [[w:Voiced alveolar tap|ɾ]]
|}
*/n/ is realized as [l] intervocalically.


===Vowels===
===Vowels===
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Vowels
|-
! !! [[w:Front vowel|Front]] !! [[w:Central vowel|Central]] !! [[w:Back vowel|Back]]
|-
! [[w:Close vowel|High]]
| [[w:Close front unrounded vowel|i]] iː || [[w:Close central unrounded vowel|ɨ]] ɨː || [[w:Close back rounded vowel|u]] uː
|-
! [[w:Close-mid vowel|Close-mid]]
| [[w:Close-mid front unrounded vowel|e]] eː || [[w:Mid central vowel|ə]] əː || [[w:Close-mid back rounded vowel|o]] oː
|-
! [[w:Open vowel|Low]]
| || [[w:Open front unrounded vowel|a]] aː
|}
===Prosody===
===Prosody===
Words bear final stress.
Words bear final stress.

Latest revision as of 19:58, 25 August 2024

Hemaluan
ヘーマヌー語
Pronunciation[heːmaluːˈgo]
Created byDillon Hartwig
Date2021
SettingOkinawa Prefecture, Japan
Austronesian
  • Hemaluan
This article contains IPA phonetic symbols. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Unicode characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help:IPA.

Hemaluan /həˈmɑluən, heɪməˈluən/ (Hemaluan: ヘーマヌー語 [heːmaluːˈgo]) is an Austronesian language spoken on Hateruma.

Etymology

Hemaluan is from ヘーマヌー (hēmalū) "Hateruma", from Proto-Austronesian *qayam-banua.

Orthography

Hemaluan is written with Kanji and Katakana.

Kana
ア イ ウ エ オ ン ー ヽ 〱 々
/a/ /i/ /u,ɨ,wɨ/ /e,je/ /o,ə/ /n,l,ŋ/ /Vː/ infix marker partial redup. full redup.
カ キ ク ケ コ ガ ギ グ ゲ ゴ
/ka/ /ki/ /ku,kɨ,k/ /ke/ /ko,kə/ /ga/ /gi/ /gu,gɨ,g/ /ge/ /go,gə/
サ シ ス セ ソ シャ シュ シェ ショ
/sa/ /si,ʃi,ʃ/ /su,sɨ,s/ /se/ /so,sə/ /ʃa/ /ʃu,ʃɨ/ /ʃe/ /ʃo,ʃə/
タ チ ツ テ ト ダ ジ ズ デ ド
/ta/ /ti,t͡ʃi/ /tu,tɨ,t/ /te/ /to,tə/ /da/ /di,d͡ʒi,d͡ʒ/ /du,dɨ,d/ /de/ /do,də/
チャ チュ チェ チョ ジャ ジュ ジェ ジョ
/t͡ʃa/ /t͡ʃu,t͡ʃɨ,t͡ʃ/ /t͡ʃe/ /t͡ʃo,t͡ʃə/ /d͡ʒa/ /d͡ʒu,d͡ʒɨ/ /d͡ʒe/ /d͡ʒo,d͡ʒə/
ナ ニ ヌ ネ ノ ニャ ニュ ニェ ニョ
/na,la/ /ni,ɲi,li/ /nu,nɨ,lu,lɨ/ /ne,le/ /no,lo,nə,lə/ /ɲa/ /ɲu,ɲɨ/ /ɲe/ /ɲo/
ハ ヒ フ ヘ ホ マ ミ ム メ モ
/ha/ /hi/ /hu,hɨ,h/ /he/ /ho,hə/ /ma/ /mi/ /mu,mɨ,m/ /me/ /mo,mə/
バ ビ ブ ベ ボ
/ba/ /bi/ /bu,bɨ,b/ /be/ /bo,bə/
ヤ ユ ヨ ワ ヰ ヱ ヲ
/ja/ /ju,jɨ/ /jo,jə/ /wa/ /wi/ /we/ /wo,wə/
ラ リ ル レ ロ カ゚ キ゚ ク゚ ケ゚ レ゚
/ra/ /ri/ /ru,rɨ,r/ /re/ /ro,rə/ /ŋa/ /ŋi/ /ŋu,ŋɨ/ /ŋe/ /ŋo,ŋə/
  • ⟨ヽ⟩ is only used when the infixee is written with Kanji.

And is romanized as follows:

A a Ā ā B b Ch ch D d E e Ē ē Ë ë
/a/ /aː/ /b/ /t͡ʃ/ /d/ /e/ /eː/ /ə/
Ê ê G g H h I i Ī ī Ï ï Î î J j
/əː/ /g/ /h/ /i/ /iː/ /ɨ/ /ɨː/ /d͡ʒ/
K k L l M m N n Ng ng Ny ny O o Ō ō
/k/ /l/ /m/ /n/ /ŋ/ /ɲ/ /o/ /oː/
R r S s Sh sh T t U u Ū ū W w Y y
/r/ /s/ /ʃ/ /t/ /u/ /uː/ /w/ /j/

Phonology

Consonants

Consonants
Labial Alveolar Palatal Velar
Nasal m n ɲ ŋ
Stop b t d t͡ʃ d͡ʒ k g
Fricative s ʃ h
Approximant w l j
Tap ɾ
  • /n/ is realized as [l] intervocalically.

Vowels

Vowels
Front Central Back
High i iː ɨ ɨː u uː
Close-mid e eː ə əː o oː
Low a aː

Prosody

Words bear final stress.

Phonotactics

Hemaluan maximal syllables are CVC.

Morphology

Nouns

Pronouns

Verbs

Adjectives

Negation

Numerals

Syntax

Constituent order

Noun and verb phrases

Dependent clauses

Example texts

Universal Declaration of Human Rights Article 1

Linguifex-hosted translations

Conlang Atlas of Language Structures-hosted translations

Other resources

CALS

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