Hemaluan: Difference between revisions

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Line 26: Line 26:
|+ Kana
|+ Kana
|-
|-
! ア !! イ !! ウ !! エ !! オ !! ン !! ー !! ヽ !! 〱!! 々
! ア !! イ !! ウ !! エ !! オ !! ン !! ー !! ヽ !! 〱 !! 々
|-
|-
| /a/ || /i/ || /u,ɨ,wɨ/ || /e,je/ || /o,ə/ || /n,l,ŋ/ || /Vː/ || infix marker || partial redup. || full redup.
| /a/ || /i/ || /u,ɨ,wɨ/ || /e,je/ || /o,ə/ || /n,l,ŋ/ || /Vː/ || infix marker || partial redup. || full redup.
Line 36: Line 36:
! サ !! シ !! ス !! セ !! ソ !! シャ !! !! シュ !! シェ !! ショ
! サ !! シ !! ス !! セ !! ソ !! シャ !! !! シュ !! シェ !! ショ
|-
|-
| /sa/ || /si,ʃi/ || /su,sɨ,s/ || /se/ || /so,sə/ || /ʃa/ || || /ʃu,ʃɨ/ || /ʃe/ || /ʃo,ʃə/
| /sa/ || /si,ʃi/ || /su,sɨ,s/ || /se/ || /so,sə/ || /ʃa/ || || /ʃu,ʃɨ/ || /ʃe/ || /ʃo,ʃə/
|-
|-
! タ !! チ !! ツ !! テ !! ト !! ダ !! ジ !! ズ !! デ !! ド
! タ !! チ !! ツ !! テ !! ト !! ダ !! ジ !! ズ !! デ !! ド
|-
|-
| /ta/ || /ti,t͡ʃi/ || /tu,tɨ,t/ || /te/ || /to,tə/ || /da/ || /di,d͡ʒi/ || /du,dɨ,d/ || /de/ || /do,də/
| /ta/ || /ti,t͡ʃi/ || /tu,tɨ,t/ || /te/ || /to,tə/ || /da/ || /di,d͡ʒi,d͡ʒ/ || /du,dɨ,d/ || /de/ || /do,də/
|-
|-
! チャ !! チュ !! チェ !! チョ !! ト !! ジャ !! !! ジュ !! ジェ !! ジョ
! チャ !! !! チュ !! チェ !! チョ !! ジャ !! !! ジュ !! ジェ !! ジョ
|-
|-
| /t͡ʃa/ || || /t͡ʃu,t͡ʃɨ,t͡ʃ/ || /t͡ʃe/ || /t͡ʃo,t͡ʃə/ || /d͡ʒa/ || || /d͡ʒu,d͡ʒɨ,d͡ʒ/ || /d͡ʒe/ || /d͡ʒo,d͡ʒə/
| /t͡ʃa/ || || /t͡ʃu,t͡ʃɨ,t͡ʃ/ || /t͡ʃe/ || /t͡ʃo,t͡ʃə/ || /d͡ʒa/ || || /d͡ʒu,d͡ʒɨ/ || /d͡ʒe/ || /d͡ʒo,d͡ʒə/
|-
|-
! ナ !! ニ !! ヌ !! ネ !! ノ !! ニャ !! !! ニュ !! ニェ !! ニョ
! ナ !! ニ !! ヌ !! ネ !! ノ !! ニャ !! !! ニュ !! ニェ !! ニョ
Line 54: Line 54:
| /ha/ || /hi/ || /hu,hɨ,h/ || /he/ || /ho,hə/ || /ma/ || /mi/ || /mu,mɨ,m/ || /me/ || /mo,mə/
| /ha/ || /hi/ || /hu,hɨ,h/ || /he/ || /ho,hə/ || /ma/ || /mi/ || /mu,mɨ,m/ || /me/ || /mo,mə/
|-
|-
! バ !! ビ !! ブ !! ベ !! ボ !! パ !! ピ !! プ !! ペ !! ポ
! バ !! ビ !! ブ !! ベ !! ボ
|-
|-
| /ba/ || /bi/ || /bu,bɨ,b/ || /be/ || /bo,bə/ || /pa/ || /pi/ || /pu,pɨ,p/ || /pe/ || /po,pə/
| /ba/ || /bi/ || /bu,bɨ,b/ || /be/ || /bo,bə/
|-
|-
! ヤ !! !! ユ !! !! ヨ !! ワ !! ヰ !! !! ヱ !! ヲ
! ヤ !! !! ユ !! !! ヨ !! ワ !! ヰ !! !! ヱ !! ヲ
Line 66: Line 66:
| /ra/ || /ri/ || /ru,rɨ,r/ || /re/ || /ro,rə/ || /ŋa/ || /ŋi/ || /ŋu,ŋɨ/ || /ŋe/ || /ŋo,ŋə/
| /ra/ || /ri/ || /ru,rɨ,r/ || /re/ || /ro,rə/ || /ŋa/ || /ŋi/ || /ŋu,ŋɨ/ || /ŋe/ || /ŋo,ŋə/
|}
|}
*⟨ヽ⟩ is only used when the infixee is written with Kanji.


And is romanized as follows:
And is romanized as follows:
Line 98: Line 100:
|-
|-
! [[w:Stop consonant|Stop]]
! [[w:Stop consonant|Stop]]
| [[w:Voiceless bilabial stop|p]] || [[w:Voiced bilabial stop|b]] || [[w:Voiceless alveolar stop|t]] || [[w:Voiced alveolar stop|d]] || [[w:Voiceless postalveolar affricate|t͡ʃ]] || [[w:Voiced postalveolar affricate|d͡ʒ]] || [[w:Voiceless velar stop|k]] || [[w:Voiced velar stop|g]]
| || [[w:Voiced bilabial stop|b]] || [[w:Voiceless alveolar stop|t]] || [[w:Voiced alveolar stop|d]] || [[w:Voiceless postalveolar affricate|t͡ʃ]] || [[w:Voiced postalveolar affricate|d͡ʒ]] || [[w:Voiceless velar stop|k]] || [[w:Voiced velar stop|g]]
|-
|-
! [[w:Fricative consonant|Fricative]]
! [[w:Fricative consonant|Fricative]]

Latest revision as of 19:58, 25 August 2024

Hemaluan
ヘーマヌー語
Pronunciation[heːmaluːˈgo]
Created byDillon Hartwig
Date2021
SettingOkinawa Prefecture, Japan
Austronesian
  • Hemaluan
This article contains IPA phonetic symbols. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Unicode characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help:IPA.

Hemaluan /həˈmɑluən, heɪməˈluən/ (Hemaluan: ヘーマヌー語 [heːmaluːˈgo]) is an Austronesian language spoken on Hateruma.

Etymology

Hemaluan is from ヘーマヌー (hēmalū) "Hateruma", from Proto-Austronesian *qayam-banua.

Orthography

Hemaluan is written with Kanji and Katakana.

Kana
/a/ /i/ /u,ɨ,wɨ/ /e,je/ /o,ə/ /n,l,ŋ/ /Vː/ infix marker partial redup. full redup.
/ka/ /ki/ /ku,kɨ,k/ /ke/ /ko,kə/ /ga/ /gi/ /gu,gɨ,g/ /ge/ /go,gə/
シャ シュ シェ ショ
/sa/ /si,ʃi,ʃ/ /su,sɨ,s/ /se/ /so,sə/ /ʃa/ /ʃu,ʃɨ/ /ʃe/ /ʃo,ʃə/
/ta/ /ti,t͡ʃi/ /tu,tɨ,t/ /te/ /to,tə/ /da/ /di,d͡ʒi,d͡ʒ/ /du,dɨ,d/ /de/ /do,də/
チャ チュ チェ チョ ジャ ジュ ジェ ジョ
/t͡ʃa/ /t͡ʃu,t͡ʃɨ,t͡ʃ/ /t͡ʃe/ /t͡ʃo,t͡ʃə/ /d͡ʒa/ /d͡ʒu,d͡ʒɨ/ /d͡ʒe/ /d͡ʒo,d͡ʒə/
ニャ ニュ ニェ ニョ
/na,la/ /ni,ɲi,li/ /nu,nɨ,lu,lɨ/ /ne,le/ /no,lo,nə,lə/ /ɲa/ /ɲu,ɲɨ/ /ɲe/ /ɲo/
/ha/ /hi/ /hu,hɨ,h/ /he/ /ho,hə/ /ma/ /mi/ /mu,mɨ,m/ /me/ /mo,mə/
/ba/ /bi/ /bu,bɨ,b/ /be/ /bo,bə/
/ja/ /ju,jɨ/ /jo,jə/ /wa/ /wi/ /we/ /wo,wə/
カ゚ キ゚ ク゚ ケ゚ レ゚
/ra/ /ri/ /ru,rɨ,r/ /re/ /ro,rə/ /ŋa/ /ŋi/ /ŋu,ŋɨ/ /ŋe/ /ŋo,ŋə/
  • ⟨ヽ⟩ is only used when the infixee is written with Kanji.

And is romanized as follows:

A a Ā ā B b Ch ch D d E e Ē ē Ë ë
/a/ /aː/ /b/ /t͡ʃ/ /d/ /e/ /eː/ /ə/
Ê ê G g H h I i Ī ī Ï ï Î î J j
/əː/ /g/ /h/ /i/ /iː/ /ɨ/ /ɨː/ /d͡ʒ/
K k L l M m N n Ng ng Ny ny O o Ō ō
/k/ /l/ /m/ /n/ /ŋ/ /ɲ/ /o/ /oː/
R r S s Sh sh T t U u Ū ū W w Y y
/r/ /s/ /ʃ/ /t/ /u/ /uː/ /w/ /j/

Phonology

Consonants

Consonants
Labial Alveolar Palatal Velar
Nasal m n ɲ ŋ
Stop b t d t͡ʃ d͡ʒ k g
Fricative s ʃ h
Approximant w l j
Tap ɾ
  • /n/ is realized as [l] intervocalically.

Vowels

Vowels
Front Central Back
High i ɨ ɨː u
Close-mid e ə əː o
Low a

Prosody

Words bear final stress.

Phonotactics

Hemaluan maximal syllables are CVC.

Morphology

Nouns

Pronouns

Verbs

Adjectives

Negation

Numerals

Syntax

Constituent order

Noun and verb phrases

Dependent clauses

Example texts

Universal Declaration of Human Rights Article 1

Linguifex-hosted translations

Conlang Atlas of Language Structures-hosted translations

Other resources

CALS