Old Rulhilli: Difference between revisions

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'''Old Rulhilli''' /rulˈhɪli/ (<small>Old Rulhilli:&nbsp;</small><span class="nowrap" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" style="font-family:Gentium,'DejaVu Sans','Segoe UI',sans-serif">रुधिरदि [ɾuˈd̪ʱiɾɐd̪i]</span>) is a Sinitic language spoken near northern Bangladesh.
'''Old Rulhilli''' /rulˈhɪli/ (<small>Old Rulhilli:&nbsp;</small><span class="nowrap" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" style="font-family:Gentium,'DejaVu Sans','Segoe UI',sans-serif">रुधिरदि [ɾuˈd̪ʱiɾɐd̪i]</span>) was a Sinitic language spoken near northern Bangladesh, and the ancestor of [[Rulhilli]].


==Etymology==
==Etymology==
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|-
|-
! [[w:Stop consonant|Stop]]
! [[w:Stop consonant|Stop]]
| [[w:Voiceless bilabial stop|p]] pʰ || [[w:Voiced bilabial stop|b]] bʱ || [[w:Voiceless alveolar stop|t]] tʰ || [[w:Voiced alveolar stop|d]] dʱ || [[w:Voiceless retroflex stop|ʈ]] ʈʰ || [[w:Voiced retroflex stop|ɖ]] ɖʱ || [[w:Voiceless postalveolar affricate|t͡ʃ]] t͡ʃʰ || [[w:Voiced postalveolar affricate|d͡ʒ]] d͡ʒʱ || [[w:Voiceless velar stop|k]] kʰ || [[w:Voiced velar stop|g]] gʱ
| [[w:Voiceless bilabial stop|p]] pʰ || [[w:Voiced bilabial stop|b]] bʱ || [[w:Voiceless alveolar stop|t]] tʰ || [[w:Voiced alveolar stop|d]] dʱ || [[w:Voiceless retroflex stop|ʈ]] ʈʰ || [[w:Voiced retroflex stop|ɖ]] ɖʱ || [[w:Voiceless alveopalatal affricate|t͡ɕ]] t͡ɕʰ || [[w:Voiced alveopalatal affricate|d͡ʑ]] d͡ʑʱ || [[w:Voiceless velar stop|k]] kʰ || [[w:Voiced velar stop|g]] gʱ
|-
|-
! [[w:Fricative consonant|Fricative]]
! [[w:Fricative consonant|Fricative]]
| colspan="2" | || [[w:Voiceless alveolar fricative|s]] || || [[w:Voiceless retroflex fricative|ʂ]] || || [[w:Voiceless postalveolar fricative|ʃ]] || || || [[w:Voiced glottal fricative|ɦ]]
| colspan="2" | || [[w:Voiceless alveolar fricative|s]] || || [[w:Voiceless retroflex fricative|ʂ]] || || [[w:Voiceless alveopalatal fricative|ɕ]] || || || [[w:Voiced glottal fricative|ɦ]]
|-
|-
! [[w:Approximant|Approximant]]
! [[w:Approximant|Approximant]]
| colspan="2" | [[w:Voiced labiodental approximant|ʋ]] || colspan="2" | [[w:Voiced alveolar lateral approximant|l]] lʱ || colspan="2" | [[w:Voiced retroflex lateral approximant|ɭ]] ɭʱ || colspan="2" | [[w:Voiced palatal approximant|j]]
| colspan="2" | [[w:Voiced labiodental approximant|ʋ]] || colspan="2" | [[w:Voiced alveolar lateral approximant|l]] || colspan="2" | || colspan="2" | [[w:Voiced palatal approximant|j]]
|-
|-
! [[w:Tap and flap consonants|Tap]]
! [[w:Tap and flap consonants|Tap]]
| colspan="2" | || colspan="2" | [[w:Voiced alveolar tap|ɾ]]
| colspan="2" | || colspan="2" | [[w:Voiced alveolar tap|ɾ]]
|}
|}
* /ɳ, l/ only occur in loanwords.
*/s/ is realized as [h] word-finally.


===Vowels===
===Vowels===
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|-
|-
! [[w:Close vowel|High]]
! [[w:Close vowel|High]]
| [[w:Close front unrounded vowel|i]] iː ĩ || [[w:Close back rounded vowel|u]] uː ũ
| [[w:Close front unrounded vowel|i]] iː ĩ ĩː || [[w:Close back rounded vowel|u]] uː ũ ũː
|-
|-
! [[w:Close-mid vowel|Close-mid]]
! [[w:Mid vowel|Mid]]
| [[w:Close-mid front unrounded vowel|e]] || [[w:Close-mid back rounded vowel|o]]
| [[w:Mid front unrounded vowel|e]] || [[w:Mid back rounded vowel|o]]
|-
|-
! [[w:Open-mid vowel|Open-mid]]
! [[w:Open vowel|Low]]
| [[w:Open-mid front unrounded vowel|ɛ]] ɛː || [[w:Open-mid back rounded vowel|ɔ]] ɔː
| [[w:Near-open central vowel|ɐ]] ɐ̃ || [[w:Open back unrounded vowel|ɑː]] ɑ̃ː
|}
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Diphthongs
|-
|-
! [[w:Open vowel|Low]]
| ɐi aːi || ɐu ɑːu
| [[w:Near-open central vowel|ɐ]] ɐ̃ || [[w:Open back unrounded vowel|ɑː]] ɑ̃
|}
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Syllabic consonants
|-
| r̩ r̩ː || n̩ n̩ː
|}
|}


*Nasal vowels may be short or long in free variation.
* /n̩/ assimilates in place of articulation to following consonant.


===Prosody===
===Prosody===
Rulhilli stress falls on the last historically heavy (containing a long vowel or coda) syllable, or last syllable if there are no heavy syllables.
Old Rulhilli stress falls on the last heavy (containing a long vowel or coda) syllable, or last syllable if there are no heavy syllables.


===Phonotactics===
===Phonotactics===
Rulhilli maximal syllables are
Old Rulhilli maximal syllables are CCVC.


==Morphology==
==Morphology==
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==Syntax==
==Syntax==
===Constituent order===
===Constituent order===
Rulhilli word order is predominantly SOV but flexible.
Old Rulhilli word order is predominantly SOV but flexible.


===Noun and verb phrases===
===Noun and verb phrases===
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==Example texts==
==Example texts==
===Universal Declaration of Human Rights Article 1===
===Universal Declaration of Human Rights Article 1===
===Linguifex-hosted translations===
*[[:Category:Translated works in Rulhilli|Translated works in Rulhilli]]
*[[Rulhilli/Test Case Sentences]]
*[[Rulhilli/Corpus]]
===Conlang Atlas of Language Structures-hosted translations===
*[https://cals.info/translation/language/rulhilli CALS translations]
==Other resources==
[https://cals.info/language/rulhilli/ CALS]


[[Category:Rulhilli language]]
[[Category:Rulhilli language]]

Latest revision as of 21:41, 25 August 2024


Note: the Devanagari is just a placeholder.

Old Rulhilli
रुधिरदि
Pronunciation[ɾuˈd̪ʱiɾɐd̪i]
Created byDillon Hartwig
Date2021
Settingnorthern Bangladesh
Sino-Tibetan
Early form
This article contains IPA phonetic symbols. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Unicode characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help:IPA.

Old Rulhilli /rulˈhɪli/ (Old Rulhilli: रुधिरदि [ɾuˈd̪ʱiɾɐd̪i]) was a Sinitic language spoken near northern Bangladesh, and the ancestor of Rulhilli.

Etymology

Rulhilli is from रुल्हिळ्ळि, from Old Rulhilli रुधिरदि, from Sanskrit रुधिरायानद्याः referring to the Brahmaputra river.

Orthography

Phonology

Consonants

Consonants
Labial Alveolar Retroflex Palatal Velar
Nasal m n ɳ ɲ ŋ
Stop p pʰ b bʱ t tʰ d dʱ ʈ ʈʰ ɖ ɖʱ t͡ɕ t͡ɕʰ d͡ʑ d͡ʑʱ k kʰ g gʱ
Fricative s ʂ ɕ ɦ
Approximant ʋ l j
Tap ɾ
  • /ɳ, l/ only occur in loanwords.
  • /s/ is realized as [h] word-finally.

Vowels

Vowels
Front Back
High i iː ĩ ĩː u uː ũ ũː
Mid e o
Low ɐ ɐ̃ ɑː ɑ̃ː
Diphthongs
ɐi aːi ɐu ɑːu
Syllabic consonants
r̩ r̩ː n̩ n̩ː
  • /n̩/ assimilates in place of articulation to following consonant.

Prosody

Old Rulhilli stress falls on the last heavy (containing a long vowel or coda) syllable, or last syllable if there are no heavy syllables.

Phonotactics

Old Rulhilli maximal syllables are CCVC.

Morphology

Nouns

Pronouns

Verbs

Adjectives

Negation

Numerals

Syntax

Constituent order

Old Rulhilli word order is predominantly SOV but flexible.

Noun and verb phrases

Dependent clauses

Example texts

Universal Declaration of Human Rights Article 1

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