Jorvanian

Jorvanian
Created by	–
Date	2009
Setting	Southern Phrazea
Native to	Jorvania
Language family	Indo-Phrazean Jorvano-Clawmic Jorvanian
Early form	Pre-Jorvanian
Standard form	Northern Jorvanian dialect
Writing system	Latin

Jorvanian is a Jorvano-Clawmic language belonging to the Indo-Phrazean family, which evolved from Vulgar Latin. It is the official language of both Jorvania and Genovia, and holds official minority status in Prillovania. While many Jorvanian terms trace their origins to Latin, the language also incorporates significant influences from Semitic, Germanic, Turkic, and Slavic languages. Notable sources include Daburjo-Hetherian (Arabic), Mikalandese, Genovian, Lavenderian, and a considerable number of English-based terms.

Jorvanian has always used the Latin script, with the earliest known writings dating back to the late Middle Ages.

Grammar

Articles

The article system in Jorvanian is quite straightforward and simple. The definite articles are "il" in the singular and "i" in the plural. Indefinite articles are "en" in the singular and "ene" in the plural.

Examples of nouns:

• il angulo - (the angle)
• il animosità - (the animosity)
• il ližko - (the bed)
• il ǧaras - (the bell)
• il detalj - (the detail)

Personal pronouns

Jorvanian personal pronouns

			personal pronouns		possessive pronoun
			subjective	objective
first person	singular		ij	moj
	plural		nos	nostru
second person	singular	default	tu	toj
		formal	usted		sujo
	plural		vos	vostru
third person	singular	masculine	él	su	sije
		feminine	éla
		neuter	és
	plural		loro

• The subject always precedes the verb. In many cases, the subject can be implied and left out, especially when the meaning is clear. The subject cannot appear in relative clauses when it remains the same as the one in the main clause.

(Ij) Parlo Jorvani. "I speak Jorvanian."

Il kane insegwiba il gato perké (él) čerkaba su kolar. "The dog was chasing the cat because he was looking for his collar."

• Objective pronouns function as direct objects. If the verb is in the infinitive or imperative form, the pronoun is attached to the verb with a hyphen. In other cases, the pronoun precedes the verb.

Él me dedo en penna. "He gave me a pen."

Envija-me en léttera. "Send me a letter."

• Possessive pronouns can function as determiners and pronouns. The possessive pronouns must appear like this: [article] + [pronoun] + [noun]. However, the article isn't always needed.

Moj matita. "My pencil."

Ašpjetta, este son loro exami! "Wait, these are their exams!"

Nostru istorija es valde divertente. "Our story is very funny."

Verbs

In Jorvanian, verbs typically fall into three conjugation patterns, ending in "-are", "-ere", and "-ire" in their infinitive forms. However, the conjugations are largely similar across these patterns. The language features two main tenses: the indicative and the subjunctive. Some verbs are irregular, with vowel or consonant changes occurring in their forms.

Example — laudare ("to praise")

person       tense		first singular ij	second singular tu	third singular él, éla, usted	first plural nos	second plural vos	third plural loro
indicative	present	laudo	laudas	lauda	laudamos	laudatis	laudano
	perfect	laude	laudasti	laudò	laudammo	laudastéjs	laudarono
	imperfect	laudaba	laudabas	laudaba	laudabamos	laudabatis	laudabano
	future	laudarò	laudaraj	laudarà	laudarämos	laudarätis	laudaräno
	conditional	laudarej	laudaresti	laudarebbe	laudaremmo	laudaretis	laudarebbero
subjunctive	present	lauda	laudasti	lauda	laudemos	laudetis	laudano
	perfect	laudassi	laudassi	laudasse	laudassimo	laudassitis	laudassero
imperative			lauda			laudate

Irregular verbs

essere, to be

Like many Germanic and Jorvano-Clawmic languages, the verb "to be" is very irregular.

Example — laudare ("to praise")

person       tense		first singular ij	second singular tu	third singular él, éla, usted	first plural nos	second plural vos	third plural loro
indicative	present	sun	esti	es	somos	sajs	sono
	perfect	fui	fuis	fue	fummo	fuste	furono
	imperfect	ero	eri	era	erabamos	erabatis	erano
	future	sarò	saraj	sarà	sarämos	sarätis	saräno
	conditional	sarej	saresti	sarebbe	saremmo	saretis	sarebbero
subjunctive	present	sia	sia	sia	simos	sitis	sijano
	perfect	fossi	fossi	fosse	fossimo	fossitis	fossero
imperative			sé			sjate