Brung: Difference between revisions
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'''Brung''' is a language isolate of [[Verse:Angai]]. | |||
==Phonology== | ==Phonology== | ||
===Orthography=== | ===Orthography=== | ||
===Consonants=== | ===Consonants=== | ||
prevoiced stops spelled '''dt, bp, gk'''? | |||
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg " style="width: 700px; text-align: center;" | {| class="bluetable lightbluebg " style="width: 700px; text-align: center;" | ||
|+ '''{{PAGENAME}} consonants''' | |+ '''{{PAGENAME}} consonants''' | ||
| Line 50: | Line 19: | ||
! rowspan="2" |Click | ! rowspan="2" |Click | ||
! | <small>voiceless</small> | ! | <small>voiceless</small> | ||
| colspan="6"| '''kʘ''' /kʘ/, '''k!''' /k!/, ''' | | colspan="6"| '''kʘ''' /kʘ/, '''k!''' /k!/, '''kǀ''' /kǀ/, '''kǁ''' /ɡǁ/, '''kǂ''' /kǂ/ | ||
|- | |- | ||
! | <small>voiced</small> | ! | <small>voiced</small> | ||
| colspan="6"| '''gʘ''' /ŋʘ~ɡʘ/, '''g!''' /ŋ!~ɡ!/, ''' | | colspan="6"| '''gʘ''' /ŋʘ~ɡʘ/, '''g!''' /ŋ!~ɡ!/, '''gǀ''' /ŋǀ~ɡǀ/, '''gǁ''' /ɡǁ/, '''gǂ''' /ŋǂ~ɡǂ/ | ||
|- | |- | ||
! colspan="2" | Nasal | ! colspan="2" | Nasal | ||
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! | <small>voiceless</small> | ! | <small>voiceless</small> | ||
| '''f''' /f/ | | '''f''' /f/ | ||
| '''ß''' /s/, ''' | | '''ß''' /s/, '''ßch''' /ʃ/ | ||
| '''ch''' /ç/ | | '''ch''' /ç/ | ||
| | | | ||
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! | <small>voiced</small> | ! | <small>voiced</small> | ||
| '''w''' /v/ | | '''w''' /v/ | ||
| '''s''' /z | | '''s''' /z/, '''sch''' /ʒ/ | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
| Line 98: | Line 67: | ||
|- | |- | ||
! colspan="2" |Affricate | ! colspan="2" |Affricate | ||
| '''pf''' /pf/ | | '''pf''' /pf/, '''bw''' /bv/ | ||
| '''z, tz''' /ts/ | | '''z, tz''' /ts/ | ||
| | | | ||
| | | '''kch''' /kx/ | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
! colspan="2" | | ! colspan="2" |Tap | ||
| | | | ||
| '''r''' | | '''r''' /ɾ/ | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
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===Vowels=== | ===Vowels=== | ||
Lifted from | Lifted from Finnish. | ||
Brung has vowel harmony where front and back vowels can't be in the same word; in addition, there's also click harmony where words that have front vowels can have palatal clicks but not alveolar clicks, which pattern with back vowels. Bilabial, dental and lateral clicks are considered neutral. | |||
===Prosody=== | ===Prosody=== | ||
Prosody and other suprasegmentals are very similar to Standard German. | |||
===Phonotactics=== | ===Phonotactics=== | ||
| Line 139: | Line 104: | ||
==Morphology== | ==Morphology== | ||
Nouns in Brung have three grammatical genders as in German and Nama. | |||
There are four grammatical cases: nominative, accusative, genitive/prepositional and ablative, the last functioning as a partitive and a dechticaetiative. | |||
Nominal morphology is marked entirely on the article/determiner. Determiners depend on specificity, deixis, gender, number, case, and honorifics. | |||
==Syntax== | ==Syntax== | ||
| Line 161: | Line 120: | ||
==Example texts== | ==Example texts== | ||
==Other resources== | ==Other resources== | ||
| Line 171: | Line 128: | ||
[[Category:{{PAGENAME}}]] | [[Category:{{PAGENAME}}]] | ||
[[Category: | [[Category:Languages]] | ||
Latest revision as of 06:08, 30 November 2024
Brung is a language isolate of Verse:Angai.
Phonology
Orthography
Consonants
prevoiced stops spelled dt, bp, gk?
| Labial | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Uvular | Glottal | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Click | voiceless | kʘ /kʘ/, k! /k!/, kǀ /kǀ/, kǁ /ɡǁ/, kǂ /kǂ/ | |||||
| voiced | gʘ /ŋʘ~ɡʘ/, g! /ŋ!~ɡ!/, gǀ /ŋǀ~ɡǀ/, gǁ /ɡǁ/, gǂ /ŋǂ~ɡǂ/ | ||||||
| Nasal | m /m/ | n /n/ | ng /ŋ/ | ||||
| Plosive | voiceless | p /p/ | t /t/ | k, ck /k/ | /ʔ-/ | ||
| voiced | b /b/ | d /d/ | g /ɡ/ | ||||
| Fricative | voiceless | f /f/ | ß /s/, ßch /ʃ/ | ch /ç/ | ch [χ] | h /h/ | |
| voiced | w /v/ | s /z/, sch /ʒ/ | |||||
| Affricate | pf /pf/, bw /bv/ | z, tz /ts/ | kch /kx/ | ||||
| Tap | r /ɾ/ | ||||||
| Approximant | l /l/ | j /j/ | |||||
Vowels
Lifted from Finnish.
Brung has vowel harmony where front and back vowels can't be in the same word; in addition, there's also click harmony where words that have front vowels can have palatal clicks but not alveolar clicks, which pattern with back vowels. Bilabial, dental and lateral clicks are considered neutral.
Prosody
Prosody and other suprasegmentals are very similar to Standard German.
Phonotactics
Morphophonology
Morphology
Nouns in Brung have three grammatical genders as in German and Nama.
There are four grammatical cases: nominative, accusative, genitive/prepositional and ablative, the last functioning as a partitive and a dechticaetiative.
Nominal morphology is marked entirely on the article/determiner. Determiners depend on specificity, deixis, gender, number, case, and honorifics.